首页 > 最新文献

Critique of Anthropology最新文献

英文 中文
Introduction: Contesting the moral worlds, scales, and epistemics of energy transitions. 导言:能源转型的道德世界、规模和认识论之争。
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X241269650
Zeynep Oguz, Mark Goodale

The introduction to this special issue, Contesting Transitions: New Directions in the Anthropology of Energy, Climate Justice, and Resource Imaginaries, takes stock of the current state of debate within anthropology and allied fields over the contradictions, slippages, and inequalities at the centre of the global energy transition. Across a wide range of critical case studies, the contributions underscore the importance of attending to what is being elided by dominant discourses and forms of production, such as alternatives to socio-material understandings of energy and resistance to the inevitability of extractivism as the basis for new ways of living. Even more, the collection takes up and problematizes the concept of 'transition' itself on historical, ethnographic, and epistemological grounds. After describing the themes that emerge from the special issue, and explaining how these themes point toward new configurations of research, theory-building, and critical intervention, the introduction concludes with a broader argument about the indispensable place of a critical anthropology in debates over energy and Anthropocenic harm.

本特刊的导言 "争论过渡:能源人类学、气候正义和资源想象的新方向》总结了人类学及相关领域对全球能源转型中心的矛盾、滑坡和不平等问题的讨论现状。通过广泛的批判性案例研究,这些文章强调了关注被主流话语和生产形式所忽视的事物的重要性,例如对能源的社会物质理解的替代方案,以及对作为新生活方式基础的采掘主义不可避免性的抵制。此外,这本文集还从历史学、人种学和认识论的角度探讨了 "转型 "这一概念,并对其本身提出了质疑。在描述了特刊中出现的主题,并解释了这些主题如何指向研究、理论建设和批判性干预的新配置之后,导言以一个更广泛的论点结束,即批判人类学在有关能源和人类学危害的辩论中不可或缺的地位。
{"title":"Introduction: Contesting the moral worlds, scales, and epistemics of energy transitions.","authors":"Zeynep Oguz, Mark Goodale","doi":"10.1177/0308275X241269650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X241269650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction to this special issue, <i>Contesting Transitions: New Directions in the Anthropology of Energy, Climate Justice, and Resource Imaginaries</i>, takes stock of the current state of debate within anthropology and allied fields over the contradictions, slippages, and inequalities at the centre of the global energy transition. Across a wide range of critical case studies, the contributions underscore the importance of attending to what is being elided by dominant discourses and forms of production, such as alternatives to socio-material understandings of energy and resistance to the inevitability of extractivism as the basis for new ways of living. Even more, the collection takes up and problematizes the concept of 'transition' itself on historical, ethnographic, and epistemological grounds. After describing the themes that emerge from the special issue, and explaining how these themes point toward new configurations of research, theory-building, and critical intervention, the introduction concludes with a broader argument about the indispensable place of a critical anthropology in debates over energy and Anthropocenic harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":"44 3","pages":"207-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11405140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lithium scale-making and extractivist counter-futurities in Bolivia. 玻利维亚的锂规模化生产和萃取主义反杂质。
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X241269582
Mark Goodale

This article uses the ethnography of the prelives of lithium industrialization in Bolivia to contribute to wider debates - in anthropology and beyond - about the essentially contested nature of the green energy transition. Based on research conducted between 2019 and 2023, the article examines the topographies of production and sociopolitical mobilization that are entangled with Bolivia's state-controlled lithium project but which resist the various pressures to reorient social and productive worlds around arguably the most important 'critical' mineral for climate policy-making. The article develops a theoretical framework for understanding these localized counter-futurities, one in which the image of scale-making takes on both vertical and horizontal dimensions. An anthropology of energy, climate justice, and resource imaginaries that is critically attuned to these inter-scalar frictions is one that must also be able to project itself through the kaleidoscope of competing energy narratives as a form of both demystification and ethnographic truth-telling.

本文通过对玻利维亚锂工业化前期生活的人种学研究,为人类学及其他领域关于绿色能源转型本质上存在争议的广泛讨论做出贡献。文章以 2019 年至 2023 年期间开展的研究为基础,探讨了与玻利维亚国家控制的锂项目相关的生产和社会政治动员拓扑图,这些拓扑图抵制了围绕气候决策中最重要的 "关键 "矿产调整社会和生产世界的各种压力。文章建立了一个理论框架,用于理解这些地方化的反传统因素,在这个框架中,规模制造的形象具有纵向和横向两个维度。能源人类学、气候正义和资源想象能够批判性地适应这些尺度间的摩擦,也必须能够通过相互竞争的能源叙事的万花筒进行自我投射,作为一种去神秘化和人种学讲真相的形式。
{"title":"Lithium scale-making and extractivist counter-futurities in Bolivia.","authors":"Mark Goodale","doi":"10.1177/0308275X241269582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X241269582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article uses the ethnography of the <i>prelives</i> of lithium industrialization in Bolivia to contribute to wider debates - in anthropology and beyond - about the essentially contested nature of the green energy transition. Based on research conducted between 2019 and 2023, the article examines the topographies of production and sociopolitical mobilization that are entangled with Bolivia's state-controlled lithium project but which resist the various pressures to reorient social and productive worlds around arguably the most important 'critical' mineral for climate policy-making. The article develops a theoretical framework for understanding these localized counter-futurities, one in which the image of scale-making takes on both vertical and horizontal dimensions. An anthropology of energy, climate justice, and resource imaginaries that is critically attuned to these inter-scalar frictions is one that must also be able to project itself through the kaleidoscope of competing energy narratives as a form of both demystification and ethnographic truth-telling.</p>","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":"44 3","pages":"381-399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11408119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Entangled navigations: Intergenerational care relations in neoliberal eduscapes in Benin 纠缠不清的导航:贝宁新自由主义教育景观中的代际关爱关系
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X231216260
E. Alber
Though often overlooked, parental navigations play an important role in the difficult pathways of rural children through changing eduscapes in northern Benin. Arguing that parents are deeply involved in their children’s trajectories towards making a living, I analyse the care and support parents see themselves as responsible for. A neoliberal and increasingly privatized schooling system creating unequal chances in combination with the demand of ‘Education for all’ responsibilizes parents for their children’s success, and a tight labour market makes it additionally difficult for youth to find positions in the urban space. In consequence, parents are more intensively investing in their children’s education and related costs than ever before, without feeling that these investments lead to what parents value as success. Due to the lack of parental experience in the neoliberal eduscapes and the lack of cultural and social capitals – parents describe it as ‘blindness’ – parental actions in the eduscapes could best be described as navigations which are entangled with those of their children. In these navigations, parents give their children what they never received from their own parents, but also expect or hope them to become what they never were. Both parents and children navigate, I argue, towards an unknown and uncertain future in ‘radical openness’.
尽管经常被忽视,但父母的引导在贝宁北部农村儿童通过不断变化的教育环境的艰难道路上发挥着重要作用。我认为父母深深参与了孩子的谋生轨迹,我分析了父母认为自己负责的照顾和支持。新自由主义和日益私有化的学校教育体系创造了不平等的机会,再加上“全民教育”的要求,父母对孩子的成功负有责任,而紧张的劳动力市场使年轻人在城市空间找到工作变得更加困难。因此,父母比以往任何时候都更集中地投资于孩子的教育和相关费用,而没有感觉到这些投资会带来父母所看重的成功。由于在新自由主义教育环境中缺乏父母的经验,以及缺乏文化和社会资本——父母将其描述为“盲目”——父母在教育环境中的行为最好被描述为与孩子的行为纠缠在一起的导航。在这些导航中,父母给了孩子他们从未从自己的父母那里得到的东西,但也期望或希望他们成为他们从未成为的人。我认为,父母和孩子都在“激进的开放”中走向未知和不确定的未来。
{"title":"Entangled navigations: Intergenerational care relations in neoliberal eduscapes in Benin","authors":"E. Alber","doi":"10.1177/0308275X231216260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X231216260","url":null,"abstract":"Though often overlooked, parental navigations play an important role in the difficult pathways of rural children through changing eduscapes in northern Benin. Arguing that parents are deeply involved in their children’s trajectories towards making a living, I analyse the care and support parents see themselves as responsible for. A neoliberal and increasingly privatized schooling system creating unequal chances in combination with the demand of ‘Education for all’ responsibilizes parents for their children’s success, and a tight labour market makes it additionally difficult for youth to find positions in the urban space. In consequence, parents are more intensively investing in their children’s education and related costs than ever before, without feeling that these investments lead to what parents value as success. Due to the lack of parental experience in the neoliberal eduscapes and the lack of cultural and social capitals – parents describe it as ‘blindness’ – parental actions in the eduscapes could best be described as navigations which are entangled with those of their children. In these navigations, parents give their children what they never received from their own parents, but also expect or hope them to become what they never were. Both parents and children navigate, I argue, towards an unknown and uncertain future in ‘radical openness’.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":"25 1","pages":"365 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138621924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Gender and the politics of maternalisms: Kinship-based imaginaries, responsibility and care in Australian refugee advocacy 性别与母性政治:澳大利亚难民宣传中基于亲情的想象、责任与关怀
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X231216258
M. Stivens
Feminist scholarship has often been profoundly ambivalent about maternalist political mobilisations, seeing them as posing dangers of essentialising motherhood and of colluding with male-centred social orders, conservative politics and top-down state projects. This article looks at the complex and fluid politics of protest groups adopting familial kinship maternalist identities to militate politically for refugees and people seeking asylum, with particular reference to the Australian Grandmothers for Refugees organisation (G4R). A regular purple presence at demonstrations and on social media, the group’s 2000 members’ activities include vigils at ministerial and parliamentary members’ offices and detention centres, webinars, letter campaigns, petitions and parliamentary submissions. The G4R grandmothers’ role in the protests against the Australian asylum regime is part of a wider pattern of female predominance in contemporary organisations involved in such support and activism both locally and globally. The Grandmothers also exemplify the often-overlooked political energy of older women. The discussion explores questions about politicised kinship positionings, maternalist framings and mobilisations, and the cosmopolitan hospitality they offer. I am especially interested in how invocations of kinship-based location operate within these organisations, assuming ‘familial’ responsibility for and care of ‘Others’ within and beyond state and nation. Kinship tropes and imaginaries, while on occasion exclusionary and contradictory, arguably work to achieve a linking of political, ‘enraged’ affect with solidarity with the oppressed, enacting a transformative ethics in the public through effective political mobilisations of fictive kinship, responsibility, kindness, empathy and care.
女权主义学者对母性主义的政治动员通常持非常矛盾的态度,认为它们构成了将母性本质化、与以男性为中心的社会秩序、保守政治和自上而下的国家项目勾结的危险。本文着眼于抗议团体复杂多变的政治,他们采用家庭亲缘关系的母亲主义身份,对难民和寻求庇护的人进行政治干预,特别提到了澳大利亚难民祖母组织(G4R)。该组织的2000名成员经常出现在示威活动和社交媒体上,他们的活动包括在部长和国会议员的办公室和拘留中心守夜、网络研讨会、书信运动、请愿和议会提交意见书。G4R的祖母们在反对澳大利亚庇护制度的抗议活动中所扮演的角色,是在当地和全球范围内参与此类支持和行动主义的当代组织中女性占主导地位的更广泛模式的一部分。“祖母们”也体现了老年妇女经常被忽视的政治能量。讨论探讨了政治化的亲属关系定位、母性主义的框架和动员,以及它们所提供的世界性的款待。我特别感兴趣的是,在这些组织中,以亲属为基础的位置的调用是如何运作的,在国家和民族内外承担“家庭”责任和照顾“他人”。亲属关系的比喻和想象,虽然有时是排他性的和矛盾的,但可以说是为了实现政治上的联系,“愤怒”的影响与被压迫者的团结,通过有效的政治动员,在公众中建立一种变革性的伦理,虚构的亲属关系,责任,善良,同情和关怀。
{"title":"Gender and the politics of maternalisms: Kinship-based imaginaries, responsibility and care in Australian refugee advocacy","authors":"M. Stivens","doi":"10.1177/0308275X231216258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X231216258","url":null,"abstract":"Feminist scholarship has often been profoundly ambivalent about maternalist political mobilisations, seeing them as posing dangers of essentialising motherhood and of colluding with male-centred social orders, conservative politics and top-down state projects. This article looks at the complex and fluid politics of protest groups adopting familial kinship maternalist identities to militate politically for refugees and people seeking asylum, with particular reference to the Australian Grandmothers for Refugees organisation (G4R). A regular purple presence at demonstrations and on social media, the group’s 2000 members’ activities include vigils at ministerial and parliamentary members’ offices and detention centres, webinars, letter campaigns, petitions and parliamentary submissions. The G4R grandmothers’ role in the protests against the Australian asylum regime is part of a wider pattern of female predominance in contemporary organisations involved in such support and activism both locally and globally. The Grandmothers also exemplify the often-overlooked political energy of older women. The discussion explores questions about politicised kinship positionings, maternalist framings and mobilisations, and the cosmopolitan hospitality they offer. I am especially interested in how invocations of kinship-based location operate within these organisations, assuming ‘familial’ responsibility for and care of ‘Others’ within and beyond state and nation. Kinship tropes and imaginaries, while on occasion exclusionary and contradictory, arguably work to achieve a linking of political, ‘enraged’ affect with solidarity with the oppressed, enacting a transformative ethics in the public through effective political mobilisations of fictive kinship, responsibility, kindness, empathy and care.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":"23 2","pages":"461 - 475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Desiring the state: Social welfare and kinship in post-socialist Tanzania 渴望国家:后社会主义时代坦桑尼亚的社会福利与亲属关系
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X231216252
Nina Haberland
Every day, from Monday to Friday, women, men, and children sit on the uncomfortable benches outside the Tanzanian social welfare office and wait patiently for hours to meet with a welfare officer. There are mothers claiming alimony payments, fathers seeking visiting rights, quarrelling spouses, minors with legal problems, and families disputing inheritances. Most are ineligible for benefits, so this article asks why they nonetheless accept state practices of subordination like waiting. Based on case studies from 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork in the Department of Health in a northern district of Tanzania, I argue that queuing outside the welfare office signifies a ‘desire for the state’ as proposed by Street. To understand this desire, I explore the relationship between welfare clients and the state using the lens of post-socialism, specifically Verdery’s concept of ‘socialist paternalism’. This article explores kinship, the state, and the negotiation of responsibility in relation to the paternalistic images of the state reproduced by the ruling party, and argues that welfare clients appropriate these in search of care, advice, and guidance to address family and kin-related crises.
每天,从周一到周五,妇女、男子和儿童都坐在坦桑尼亚社会福利办公室外面不舒服的长椅上,耐心地等待几个小时,只为与福利官员见面。母亲要求赡养费,父亲要求探视权,配偶争吵,未成年人有法律问题,家庭纠纷遗产。大多数人都没有资格享受福利,所以这篇文章想知道为什么他们仍然接受国家的从属行为,比如等待。根据坦桑尼亚北部地区卫生部12个月的人种学田野调查的案例研究,我认为在福利办公室外排队意味着Street提出的“对国家的渴望”。为了理解这种愿望,我利用后社会主义的视角,特别是Verdery的“社会主义家长制”概念,探索了福利客户与国家之间的关系。本文探讨了与执政党再现的家长式国家形象相关的亲属关系、国家和责任谈判,并认为福利客户在寻求照顾、建议和指导以解决家庭和亲属相关危机时利用了这些形象。
{"title":"Desiring the state: Social welfare and kinship in post-socialist Tanzania","authors":"Nina Haberland","doi":"10.1177/0308275X231216252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X231216252","url":null,"abstract":"Every day, from Monday to Friday, women, men, and children sit on the uncomfortable benches outside the Tanzanian social welfare office and wait patiently for hours to meet with a welfare officer. There are mothers claiming alimony payments, fathers seeking visiting rights, quarrelling spouses, minors with legal problems, and families disputing inheritances. Most are ineligible for benefits, so this article asks why they nonetheless accept state practices of subordination like waiting. Based on case studies from 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork in the Department of Health in a northern district of Tanzania, I argue that queuing outside the welfare office signifies a ‘desire for the state’ as proposed by Street. To understand this desire, I explore the relationship between welfare clients and the state using the lens of post-socialism, specifically Verdery’s concept of ‘socialist paternalism’. This article explores kinship, the state, and the negotiation of responsibility in relation to the paternalistic images of the state reproduced by the ruling party, and argues that welfare clients appropriate these in search of care, advice, and guidance to address family and kin-related crises.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":"8 26","pages":"385 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138623759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
‘Occupying’ the womb: Disrupted kinship futures and sovereign logics in sexual violence during wars 占领 "子宫:战争期间性暴力中被破坏的亲缘关系和主权逻辑
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X231216250
N. Mookherjee
This article seeks to ethnographically highlight the multiple uses of gene/alogy (as explored by Franklin and McKinnon in the 2000s) in the context of the Bangladesh war of 1971, and hence maps out the range of violence and ambivalences at the heart of kinship. It aims to do so by exploring the process through which disrupted kinship futures are seen as a cornerstone for discourses of war and sovereign practices to justify sexual violence during wars. The formation of Bangladesh in 1971 coincided with the rape of 200,000 (contested and official numbers) Bengali women perpetrated by the Pakistani army and its local collaborators. The article explores the occupation of the womb, that is, the connotation of genetic or ethnic fixing through sexual violence by the Pakistani army, which is apparently an attempt to disrupt the kinship futures of East Pakistan (that later became independent Bangladesh). The sovereign logic of disrupting kinship futures of those that one feels the need to attack, weaken and annihilate (in this case East Pakistanis) is, however, based on a process of naturalisation of inequalities drawn from historical and racialised accounts. The article argues that the sovereign belief in being able to genetically and behaviourally ‘fix’ East Pakistanis through wartime sexual violence, and to instil fear, is possible through the sovereign inhabitation of the inhumanity of sexual violence. Therein lies the vulnerability of sovereign power, the paradox of kinship and its processes of inclusions and ruptures in the future. In seeking to develop a wider theoretical contribution about kinship as the cornerstone of statecraft and wars, the article also seeks to show how military rape alters the grounds of the nation itself, the experiences and imaginations over a period of half a century, and instils various forms of ambiguities about the history of wartime sexual violence.
本文试图在民族志上强调基因/宗谱的多种用途(正如富兰克林和麦金农在21世纪初所探索的那样),以1971年的孟加拉国战争为背景,从而绘制出亲属关系核心的暴力和矛盾的范围。它的目的是通过探索这一过程来实现这一目标,通过这一过程,被破坏的亲属关系未来被视为战争话语和主权实践的基石,以证明战争期间性暴力的正当性。1971年孟加拉国成立时,恰逢巴基斯坦军队及其当地合作者强奸了20万(有争议的和官方的)孟加拉妇女。这篇文章探讨了对子宫的占领,即巴基斯坦军队通过性暴力对基因或种族进行修复的内涵,这显然是试图破坏东巴基斯坦(后来成为独立的孟加拉国)的亲属关系未来。然而,破坏那些人们认为有必要攻击、削弱和消灭的人(在这个例子中是东巴基斯坦人)的亲属关系未来的主权逻辑,是基于历史和种族化的不平等的归化过程。这篇文章认为,主权信仰能够通过战时性暴力从基因和行为上“修复”东巴基斯坦人,并灌输恐惧,这是可能的,因为主权居住的性暴力是不人道的。其中存在着主权权力的脆弱性、亲属关系的悖论及其在未来的包容和破裂过程。为了对作为治国方略和战争基石的亲属关系做出更广泛的理论贡献,这篇文章还试图展示军事强奸如何改变了这个国家本身的基础、半个世纪以来的经历和想象,并对战时性暴力的历史提出了各种形式的模糊看法。
{"title":"‘Occupying’ the womb: Disrupted kinship futures and sovereign logics in sexual violence during wars","authors":"N. Mookherjee","doi":"10.1177/0308275X231216250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X231216250","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to ethnographically highlight the multiple uses of gene/alogy (as explored by Franklin and McKinnon in the 2000s) in the context of the Bangladesh war of 1971, and hence maps out the range of violence and ambivalences at the heart of kinship. It aims to do so by exploring the process through which disrupted kinship futures are seen as a cornerstone for discourses of war and sovereign practices to justify sexual violence during wars. The formation of Bangladesh in 1971 coincided with the rape of 200,000 (contested and official numbers) Bengali women perpetrated by the Pakistani army and its local collaborators. The article explores the occupation of the womb, that is, the connotation of genetic or ethnic fixing through sexual violence by the Pakistani army, which is apparently an attempt to disrupt the kinship futures of East Pakistan (that later became independent Bangladesh). The sovereign logic of disrupting kinship futures of those that one feels the need to attack, weaken and annihilate (in this case East Pakistanis) is, however, based on a process of naturalisation of inequalities drawn from historical and racialised accounts. The article argues that the sovereign belief in being able to genetically and behaviourally ‘fix’ East Pakistanis through wartime sexual violence, and to instil fear, is possible through the sovereign inhabitation of the inhumanity of sexual violence. Therein lies the vulnerability of sovereign power, the paradox of kinship and its processes of inclusions and ruptures in the future. In seeking to develop a wider theoretical contribution about kinship as the cornerstone of statecraft and wars, the article also seeks to show how military rape alters the grounds of the nation itself, the experiences and imaginations over a period of half a century, and instils various forms of ambiguities about the history of wartime sexual violence.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":" 1202","pages":"422 - 443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138610207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Living kindness: Re-imagining kinship for a more humane future 仁慈的生活重新认识亲情,创造更人道的未来
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X231216256
Veronica Strang
As environmental change and mass extinctions underline an urgent need to establish more humane relationships with non-human beings, there is a creative opportunity to reimagine concepts of kinship to promote the collective well-being of all living kinds. Anthropology draws on culturally diverse interspecies relations: some locate human and other species within distinctive and hierarchical categories, while others have more fluid and egalitarian notions of personhood. Engagements with non-human species therefore range from objectifying and exploiting them, to their acceptance as kin, as persons, and as reciprocal co-creative partners in the composition of shared lifeworlds. Though the concept of kinship is conventionally used to illuminate inter-human relations, this article suggests that it has further potential to raise key questions about how societies engage with non-human beings, and our ethical responsibilities towards them. These questions might usefully inform contemporary debates about non-human rights, and how these might be upheld by state and/or international legislation.
由于环境变化和大规模灭绝强调迫切需要与非人类建立更人道的关系,因此有一个创造性的机会来重新构想亲属关系的概念,以促进所有生物的集体福祉。人类学利用文化多样性的物种间关系:一些人将人类和其他物种定位在独特的等级类别中,而另一些人则有更灵活和平等的人格概念。因此,与非人类物种的接触范围从物化和利用它们,到将它们作为亲属、作为人、作为共同生活世界中互惠的共同创造伙伴接受。虽然亲属关系的概念通常被用来阐明人与人之间的关系,但这篇文章表明,它有进一步的潜力提出关于社会如何与非人类交往以及我们对他们的道德责任的关键问题。这些问题可能有助于当代关于非人权的辩论,以及这些问题如何得到国家和/或国际立法的支持。
{"title":"Living kindness: Re-imagining kinship for a more humane future","authors":"Veronica Strang","doi":"10.1177/0308275X231216256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X231216256","url":null,"abstract":"As environmental change and mass extinctions underline an urgent need to establish more humane relationships with non-human beings, there is a creative opportunity to reimagine concepts of kinship to promote the collective well-being of all living kinds. Anthropology draws on culturally diverse interspecies relations: some locate human and other species within distinctive and hierarchical categories, while others have more fluid and egalitarian notions of personhood. Engagements with non-human species therefore range from objectifying and exploiting them, to their acceptance as kin, as persons, and as reciprocal co-creative partners in the composition of shared lifeworlds. Though the concept of kinship is conventionally used to illuminate inter-human relations, this article suggests that it has further potential to raise key questions about how societies engage with non-human beings, and our ethical responsibilities towards them. These questions might usefully inform contemporary debates about non-human rights, and how these might be upheld by state and/or international legislation.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":" 16","pages":"476 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138619920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The aftermath of gendered violence: Kinship and affect in post-genocide Rwanda 性别暴力的后果:种族灭绝后卢旺达的亲属关系和情感
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X231216251
Loes Loning
Thousands of women and girls experienced sexual violence during the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, and many became pregnant as a result of rape. Based on two years of ethnographic research in Rwanda, this article discusses how kinship is (re-)established in the aftermath of sexual violence by focusing on the lived experiences of young people conceived in genocidal rape. The article explores what forms of relationships become possible, impossible, enabled or dismissed, in the aftermath of a period of extreme violence. Through detailing the delicate establishment of affective ties, I hope to show the subtle work that goes into containing genocide memories in the everyday. The article suggests that young people engage in careful and ‘attuned’ kinship practices in an environment that changes throughout their life course. In exploring how young people carefully navigate the mending, protecting, and accepting of ‘family’, the article emphasizes the possibilities and limitations of kinship in the aftermath of collective violence.
在1994年卢旺达对图西族人的种族灭绝期间,成千上万的妇女和女孩遭受了性暴力,许多人因强奸而怀孕。基于在卢旺达两年的民族志研究,本文通过关注在种族灭绝强奸中怀孕的年轻人的生活经历,讨论了在性暴力之后亲属关系是如何(重新)建立的。这篇文章探讨了在一段极端暴力时期之后,哪些形式的关系变得可能、不可能、有可能或被驳回。通过对情感纽带微妙建立的详细描述,我希望展示日常生活中包含种族灭绝记忆的微妙工作。这篇文章表明,年轻人在他们一生中不断变化的环境中从事谨慎和“协调”的亲属关系实践。在探讨年轻人如何小心翼翼地修补、保护和接受“家庭”的过程中,文章强调了集体暴力之后亲属关系的可能性和局限性。
{"title":"The aftermath of gendered violence: Kinship and affect in post-genocide Rwanda","authors":"Loes Loning","doi":"10.1177/0308275X231216251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X231216251","url":null,"abstract":"Thousands of women and girls experienced sexual violence during the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, and many became pregnant as a result of rape. Based on two years of ethnographic research in Rwanda, this article discusses how kinship is (re-)established in the aftermath of sexual violence by focusing on the lived experiences of young people conceived in genocidal rape. The article explores what forms of relationships become possible, impossible, enabled or dismissed, in the aftermath of a period of extreme violence. Through detailing the delicate establishment of affective ties, I hope to show the subtle work that goes into containing genocide memories in the everyday. The article suggests that young people engage in careful and ‘attuned’ kinship practices in an environment that changes throughout their life course. In exploring how young people carefully navigate the mending, protecting, and accepting of ‘family’, the article emphasizes the possibilities and limitations of kinship in the aftermath of collective violence.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":"29 44","pages":"444 - 460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
‘The Girls are Alright’: Beauty work and neoliberal regimes of responsibility among young women in Urban India 女孩们都很好》:印度城市年轻女性的美容工作和新自由主义责任制度
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X231216255
Henrike Donner
This article addresses the complex ways in which poor urban women’s educational and training needs are embedded in official discourses of capacity creation and are constructed in opposition to their community and kinship networks, an aspect that is very often overlooked when such programmes are designed. It argues that this oversight is not a coincidence, as neoliberal policies and discourses of empowerment construct young women as ‘subjects of capacity’. Where they are addressed directly, young women are framed as the single, autonomous subjects of liberalism who, once enabled, overcome ‘traditional’ kin and community attachments. Based on the ethnographic study of vocational training for beauticians provided by an Indian NGO, the article argues that such interventions are geared towards ‘community development’ and therefore reference broader social landscapes, but that the participants in training see themselves and the process as part of, rather than as opposed to, kin and community obligations. While education and training are more often than not conceived as stand-alone projects offering young women a way into employment and the labour market, the article foregrounds the class-based limits of such workist approaches and the entanglements between body work, caste/class, and histories of feminized poverty. It demonstrates how young women from lower-caste and lower-class backgrounds see opportunities in the beauty industry mainly as supporting their roles as responsible daughters, future wives and daughters-in-law realized within the complex economies of marginal urban communities. They are also acutely aware that while the actual work of the beautician allows some access to the world of ‘professional’ modern and classed notions of femininity and, arguably, a more dignified workplace than in domestic service, the pitfalls of an industry built on gendered, racialized and classist inclusions and hierarchies are noted too. Critiquing the mainstream feminist focus on access to the labour market, the article argues that young women are fully aware of their own precarious relationship with ideals of neoliberal constructs of autonomous subjectivities promoted by the state and its agents.
本文论述了城市贫困妇女的教育和培训需要如何以复杂的方式被嵌入到官方的能力创造话语中,并与她们的社区和亲属网络相对而构建,这是在设计此类方案时经常被忽视的一个方面。它认为,这种疏忽并非巧合,因为新自由主义的赋权政策和话语将年轻女性构建为“能力主体”。在这些问题被直接提及的地方,年轻女性被塑造成自由主义的单一、自主主体,她们一旦被允许,就能克服“传统的”亲属和社区依恋。基于印度一家非政府组织提供的美容师职业培训的民族志研究,这篇文章认为,这种干预措施是面向“社区发展”的,因此参考了更广泛的社会景观,但是培训的参与者将自己和这个过程视为亲属和社区义务的一部分,而不是相反。虽然教育和培训往往被视为独立的项目,为年轻女性提供了就业和劳动力市场的途径,但这篇文章强调了这种工人主义方法的阶级局限性,以及体力劳动、种姓/阶级和女性化贫困历史之间的纠缠。它展示了来自低种姓和低阶级背景的年轻女性如何将美容行业的机会主要视为支持她们在边缘城市社区复杂的经济中扮演负责任的女儿、未来的妻子和儿媳的角色。她们也敏锐地意识到,虽然美容师的实际工作可以让她们在一定程度上接触到“专业”的现代女性气质和阶级观念,而且可以说,这是一个比家政服务更有尊严的工作场所,但也注意到这个建立在性别、种族化、阶级主义和等级制度之上的行业的陷阱。这篇文章批评了主流女权主义者对劳动力市场准入的关注,认为年轻女性充分意识到她们自己与国家及其代理人推动的自主主体性的新自由主义理想的不稳定关系。
{"title":"‘The Girls are Alright’: Beauty work and neoliberal regimes of responsibility among young women in Urban India","authors":"Henrike Donner","doi":"10.1177/0308275X231216255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X231216255","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the complex ways in which poor urban women’s educational and training needs are embedded in official discourses of capacity creation and are constructed in opposition to their community and kinship networks, an aspect that is very often overlooked when such programmes are designed. It argues that this oversight is not a coincidence, as neoliberal policies and discourses of empowerment construct young women as ‘subjects of capacity’. Where they are addressed directly, young women are framed as the single, autonomous subjects of liberalism who, once enabled, overcome ‘traditional’ kin and community attachments. Based on the ethnographic study of vocational training for beauticians provided by an Indian NGO, the article argues that such interventions are geared towards ‘community development’ and therefore reference broader social landscapes, but that the participants in training see themselves and the process as part of, rather than as opposed to, kin and community obligations. While education and training are more often than not conceived as stand-alone projects offering young women a way into employment and the labour market, the article foregrounds the class-based limits of such workist approaches and the entanglements between body work, caste/class, and histories of feminized poverty. It demonstrates how young women from lower-caste and lower-class backgrounds see opportunities in the beauty industry mainly as supporting their roles as responsible daughters, future wives and daughters-in-law realized within the complex economies of marginal urban communities. They are also acutely aware that while the actual work of the beautician allows some access to the world of ‘professional’ modern and classed notions of femininity and, arguably, a more dignified workplace than in domestic service, the pitfalls of an industry built on gendered, racialized and classist inclusions and hierarchies are noted too. Critiquing the mainstream feminist focus on access to the labour market, the article argues that young women are fully aware of their own precarious relationship with ideals of neoliberal constructs of autonomous subjectivities promoted by the state and its agents.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":" 46","pages":"399 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138616801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Kinship and the politics of responsibility: An introduction 亲缘关系与责任政治:导言
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X231217928
Henrike Donner, Victoria Goddard
This special issue presents a range of case studies that exemplify the potential of kinship for thinking about and acting in relation to various kin and non-kin others in ways that invite us to reconsider the boundaries of politics and the political. The introduction examines ethnographic research that informs the articles in the special issue and shows the ways in which tensions and continuities across relations of intimacy, family and kinship, play out in response to contemporary capitalism. The articles in the special issue demonstrate the usefulness of exploring the interface and overlaps between the political and other fields that are all too often positioned – within scholarship and public discourses – as the antithesis of the political, variously understood in terms of the private, the familial, the domestic and the sphere of kinship.
本期特刊介绍了一系列案例研究,这些案例研究举例说明了亲属关系在思考和行动与各种亲属和非亲属他人的关系方面的潜力,这些方式邀请我们重新考虑政治和政治的界限。引言部分考察了特刊文章中的民族志研究,并展示了亲密关系、家庭和亲属关系之间的紧张和连续性如何在当代资本主义中发挥作用。特刊中的文章展示了探索政治和其他领域之间的界面和重叠的有用性,这些领域在学术和公共话语中经常被定位为政治的对立面,从私人、家庭、家庭和亲属领域的角度得到不同的理解。
{"title":"Kinship and the politics of responsibility: An introduction","authors":"Henrike Donner, Victoria Goddard","doi":"10.1177/0308275X231217928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X231217928","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue presents a range of case studies that exemplify the potential of kinship for thinking about and acting in relation to various kin and non-kin others in ways that invite us to reconsider the boundaries of politics and the political. The introduction examines ethnographic research that informs the articles in the special issue and shows the ways in which tensions and continuities across relations of intimacy, family and kinship, play out in response to contemporary capitalism. The articles in the special issue demonstrate the usefulness of exploring the interface and overlaps between the political and other fields that are all too often positioned – within scholarship and public discourses – as the antithesis of the political, variously understood in terms of the private, the familial, the domestic and the sphere of kinship.","PeriodicalId":46784,"journal":{"name":"Critique of Anthropology","volume":" 8","pages":"331 - 364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138619022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
期刊
Critique of Anthropology
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1