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Romantic Roots of Modern Russian Eurasian Thought 俄罗斯现代欧亚思想的浪漫主义根源
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-128-137
Zu Chunming
The study of modern Russian Eurasian thought has already become a prominent trend in Russian and Chinese scientific circles. The article traces the ideological history of Eurasianism, highlights the main directions of thought on which it re­lies. The direct source of the current Eurasianism is classical Eurasianism, which was formed among the Russian emigration in the 1920s–1930s. We should not forget about two intermediate links in this chain of succession: on the one hand, the teachings of Lev N. Gumilyov, on the other hand, the concepts of the Slavophiles. If we look at it from the point of view of the history of Western thought, we will find that the origins of Eurasianism go back to the German ro­manticism of the late eighteenth century. Between the then German romanticism and modern Russian Eurasian thought, there is a clear ideological connection, a common spiritual orientation, which lies in the consciousness of uniqueness. Possessing the Russian national spirit, which is controlled by the consciousness of uniqueness, Russia, in the understanding of the representatives of this tradi­tion of thought, is an independent and integral civilizational space, different from Europe and Asia, therefore Russia must follow a unique historical path.
研究近代俄罗斯欧亚思想已成为俄中科学界的一个突出趋势。本文追溯了欧亚主义的思想史,并着重指出了欧亚主义思想的主要方向。当代欧亚主义的直接来源是古典欧亚主义,它是在20世纪二三十年代俄罗斯移民中形成的。我们不应该忘记这一继承链中的两个中间环节:一方面是列夫·古米廖夫的教义,另一方面是亲斯拉夫派的概念。如果我们从西方思想史的角度来看,欧亚主义的起源可以追溯到18世纪末的德国浪漫主义。在当时的德国浪漫主义与现代俄罗斯欧亚思想之间,有着明确的意识形态联系,有着共同的精神取向,即独特性意识。俄罗斯具有独特意识所控制的俄罗斯民族精神,在对这一传统思想代表的理解中,俄罗斯是一个独立而完整的文明空间,不同于欧洲和亚洲,因此俄罗斯必须走一条独特的历史道路。
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引用次数: 0
Philosophy of Russia in China (2007–2022) 中国的俄罗斯哲学(2007-2022)
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-138-155
The article provides an overview of the Russian philosophy studies in China over the past 16 years. In addition to the Russian religious philosophy and Marx­ist philosophy that traditionally enjoyed attention in China, research was also conducted in such areas as philosophy of culture, social philosophy, philosophy of science and technology, ethics, Eurasianism, political philosophy of Russia. The priority belongs to the philosophical thought of Nikolai Berdyaev, Lev Shestov, Vladimir Solovyov, Nikolai Fedorov, Semen Frank and Fyodor Dosto­evsky. In addition to historical and philosophical works on Marxism in Russia and the USSR, many works have been devoted to the interpretations of Marxist philosophy by modern Russian scientists, such as Ivan Frolov, Teodor Oizerman, Evald Ilyenkov, Aleksandr Buzgalin et al. The directions and priorities in the study of Russian ethics, philosophy of science, philosophy of culture, philosophy of language are outlined. Narodniks movement and Slavophilism remain impor­tant areas of research; Eurasianism enjoys great attention. The philosophy of An­cient Russia and Russian Orthodoxy are presented in general and special works and translations. The article describes the activities of the Learned Society of Philosophy of Russia. Among the scientific events, a special place is assigned to the biennial All-China Academic Conference on the Philosophy of Russia. In the field of scientific cooperation between Russian and Chinese researchers, lecture series read by Russian scholars in China and Chinese scholars in Russia, as well as joint research projects are described. In the final Section, the problems exist­ing in the research of Russian philosophy in China are indicated.
本文对16年来俄罗斯哲学在中国的研究进行了综述。除了中国历来重视的俄罗斯宗教哲学和马克思主义哲学外,还对俄罗斯的文化哲学、社会哲学、科技哲学、伦理学、欧亚主义、政治哲学等领域进行了研究。优先考虑的是别尔佳耶夫、舍斯托夫、索洛维约夫、费多罗夫、弗兰克和陀思妥耶夫斯基的哲学思想。除了关于俄罗斯和苏联马克思主义的历史和哲学著作外,许多著作都致力于现代俄罗斯科学家对马克思主义哲学的解释,如伊万·弗罗洛夫、特奥多尔·伊泽曼、伊连科夫、亚历山大·布兹加林等人。概述了俄罗斯伦理学、科学哲学、文化哲学、语言哲学研究的方向和重点。民粹派运动和斯拉夫主义仍然是重要的研究领域;欧亚主义备受关注。古代俄罗斯哲学和俄罗斯东正教在一般和特殊的著作和翻译。文章介绍了俄罗斯哲学学会的活动情况。在科学活动中,两年一次的中华全国俄罗斯哲学学术会议被特别安排了一个位置。在俄中科研人员科学合作领域,介绍了俄罗斯学者在中国和中国学者在俄罗斯的系列讲座以及联合研究项目。最后一节指出了俄罗斯哲学在中国研究中存在的问题。
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引用次数: 0
The Symbol of the Dragon in the Cosmogonic Schemes of Ancient China 中国古代宇宙格局中的龙象征
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-156-166
Valeriia V. Garrido
The symbol of the dragon is an important element of the cultural and historical identity of the Chinese people. This article attempts to analyze the symbol of the dragon in the genesis of Chinese philosophy, particularly in its cosmogonic and cosmological systems. The article shows that the mythological symbol of the dragon did not disappear at an early stage of the formation of Chinese civiliza­tion; on the contrary, it was fixed in the corpus of categories of philosophical thought and was used to express the cosmological laws and principles of Tao. The symbol of dragon can also be found in 4 symbols (or 4 images 四象, si xi­ang), 5 elements (五行, wu xing), 6 harmonies-correspondences (六合, liu he), 7 stars (七星, qi xing), 8 trigrams (八卦, ba gua) and 64 hexagrams (六十四卦, liu shi si gua). The article concludes that the symbol of the dragon lays at the very origins of Chinese culture since it expresses its main archetypal meanings; it embodies the naturalness (⾃然, zi ran) and the cycle of universal changes.
龙的象征是中国人文化和历史身份的重要组成部分。本文试图分析龙在中国哲学起源中的象征,特别是在它的宇宙观和宇宙学系统中。文章指出,龙的神话符号在中国文明形成的早期并没有消失;相反,它被固定在哲学思想范畴的语料库中,并被用来表达道的宇宙学定律和原理。龙的符号也可以在4个符号(或4个图像)中找到四象, xi),5个元素(五行, 吴星),6个和声对应(六合, 刘鹤),7颗星(七星, 齐行),八卦(八卦, 八卦)和六十四卦(六十四卦, 刘师思瓜)。文章认为,龙的象征是中国文化的起源,因为它表达了其主要的原型意义;它体现了自然(⾃然, 子然)和宇宙变化的循环。
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引用次数: 0
Ideology and Reality: the Historiosophical Myth by P. Florensky and L. Leonov 意识形态与现实:弗洛伦斯基和列昂诺夫的历史神话
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-44-47
Artyom Bezmenshchikov
The report examines the impact of ideology on historiosophy on the example of the works of P. Florensky and L. Leonov. Both authors explore a human person in the conditions of a totally ideologized social reality, as a consequence of this reality. But at the same time, both authors also come to the conclusion that the metaphysically and metaphorically meaningful experience of their perception of this human person influences and even literally turns over that meaning image of a human person as a precondition for this reality. The meta­morphosis of their contemporary against the backdrop of great historical catastrophes and seemingly historically legitimate dictatorships turns the hero of the historiosophical myth into an anti-hero, and this anti-hero into a new and perhaps the last beginning of the last myth. For both authors, the contemporary is at the same time the source, product and victim of self-hypnosis, which has gained a doctrinal-religious form of ideology. And if Florensky reformats only the national myth, leaving opportunities for positive teleology in negative historiosophy, then Leonov, as it seems, sees its only true version in the negative historiosophy of the international myth.
本报告以P·弗洛伦斯基和L·列昂诺夫的作品为例,探讨了意识形态对历史哲学的影响。两位作者都探讨了一个人在一个完全意识形态化的社会现实的条件下,作为这个现实的结果。但同时,两位作者也得出结论,他们对这个人的感知的形而上学和隐喻意义的体验影响甚至从字面上颠覆了一个人的意义形象,作为实现这一现实的前提。在巨大的历史灾难和看似历史上合法的独裁统治的背景下,他们当代的元形态将历史诡辩神话中的英雄变成了反英雄,而这个反英雄变成了最后一个神话的新的,也许是最后一个开始。对两位作者来说,当代人同时也是自我催眠的来源、产物和受害者,自我催眠获得了一种教条主义的宗教意识形态形式。如果弗洛伦斯基只对国家神话进行了重新格式化,在消极的历史哲学中留下了积极目的论的机会,那么列昂诺夫似乎在国际神话的消极历史哲学中看到了它唯一的真实版本。
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引用次数: 0
А Man in The Space of Digital Culture А数字文化空间中的人
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-29-39
Yu. A. Chernavin, G. Barinova
In the article, amid the confrontation between the two main trends in the devel­opment of modern world’s civilization – humanism and technocracy – the inter­action of digital culture and man is considered. The basis of the analysis is the statement of the fundamental division of culture into digital and non-digital components. The content of the latter consists of phenomena and processes rep­resenting metaphysical dimensions of being, ideological and spiritual founda­tions, moral aspects of religions and arts. Taking into account such a division, a provision is being developed on the limits of both the digitalization of the cul­ture of society and the movement of a person towards acquiring the qualities of a “virtual”. The mechanisms of interaction between digital culture and person­ality are the changing content of the components that make up the structure of spiritual culture and are located at three levels – behavioral, ideological, ge­netic. Their generalized dynamics implements the way of functioning and de­velopment of the phenomenon of culture, which consists in the simultaneous development of innovations and the support of traditions. At the same time, the emergence of innovations is mainly associated with the transformation of be­havioral and ideological layers that actively respond to the impact of cyberspace, and the maintenance of traditions is mainly due to the peculiarities of the content and development of the genetic layer.
本文在现代世界文明发展的两大趋势——人本主义与技术官僚主义的对抗中,探讨了数字文化与人的互动关系。分析的基础是将文化基本划分为数字和非数字成分的陈述。后者的内容包括代表存在的形而上学维度、思想和精神基础、宗教和艺术的道德方面的现象和过程。考虑到这种划分,正在制定一项关于社会文化数字化和个人获得“虚拟”品质的运动的限制的规定。数字文化与人格的互动机制是构成精神文化结构的要素内容的变化,它分为行为、思想、基因三个层次。它们的广义动态实现了文化现象的功能和发展方式,这种方式包括创新的同时发展和传统的支持。同时,创新的出现主要与积极应对网络空间冲击的行为层和思想层的转变有关,传统的维持主要是由于遗传层的内容和发展的特殊性。
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引用次数: 0
Transdisciplinary Research Program of N.I. Zhinkin: Inner Speech and Its Experimental Projections 金的跨学科研究计划:内心话语及其实验投射
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-60-69
The philosophical and theoretical legacy of the famous Russian philosopher, psychologist, film theorist Nikolai Ivanovich Zhinkin (1893–1979) is compre­hended in the article as an integral cultural and historical phenomenon. Based on his fundamental works and archival materials (letters, drafts, abstracts of re­ports and articles), the authors attempt to reconstruct the main characteristics of his transdisciplinary research program and demonstrate its current experimen­tal projections. This approach allows us to show that in the early philosophical, phenomenologically oriented works N.I. Zhinkin, speaking about the “thing” as a fundamentally social and historical phenomenon, outlined a methodological path, which he consistently implemented in the humanities and sciences – psy­chological, semiotic, logical and ethological – research of the late period. The authors pay special attention to experimental ethological studies, which N.I. Zhinkin carried out in the Sukhum monkey nursery in the 1950s. In addi­tion to the traditional interpretative and translational strategies that made it pos­sible to clarify the specific meanings of social “things”, he experimentally recorded the presence of a communicative system in the acoustic screams of monkeys. Thus, the relevance of the methodological path of N.I. Zhinkin (his transdisciplinary research program) lies in the fact that he used the experi­mental method to study social “things”, i.e. sign-symbolic reality (language, thinking as inner speech, language memory, information)
俄罗斯著名哲学家、心理学家、电影理论家尼古拉·伊万诺维奇·日恩金(1893-1979)的哲学和理论遗产在文章中被视为一种完整的文化和历史现象。基于他的基础著作和档案材料(信件、草稿、报告摘要和文章),作者试图重建他的跨学科研究计划的主要特征,并展示其当前的经验预测。这种方法使我们能够表明,在早期以现象学为导向的哲学作品中,N.I.Zhinkin将“事物”作为一种根本的社会和历史现象,勾勒出了一条方法论道路,他在后期的人文科学——心理学、符号学、逻辑学和行为学——研究中一直贯彻这条道路。作者特别关注N.I.Zhinkin于20世纪50年代在苏呼姆猴苗圃进行的实验行为学研究。除了传统的解释和翻译策略使其有可能澄清社会“事物”的具体含义之外,他还通过实验记录了猴子的声音尖叫中存在的交流系统。因此,N.I.Zhinkin(他的跨学科研究计划)方法论道路的相关性在于,他使用经验方法来研究社会“事物”,即符号符号现实(语言、作为内心话语的思维、语言记忆、信息)
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引用次数: 0
Existential Truth and Rational Truth. Philosophical Controversy between Lev Shestov and Edmund Husserl 存在真理与理性真理。列夫·舍斯托夫与埃德蒙·胡塞尔的哲学之争
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-117-127
Xu Fenglin
In 1928–1930 there were only four meetings between Lev Shestov and Edmund Husserl. Already the first meeting revealed a discrepancy in the interpretation of truth: for Husserl, the existence of an ideal object is independent of living re­ality, the real world occupies a subordinate position in relation to the ideal. Ac­cording to Shestov, timeless ideal entities are doomed to decay, although, choos­ing between the real and the reasonable, a person chooses the reasonable, but in the situation of the ultimate idea, they reveal their impotence. Further commu­nication between the two philosophers made it possible to touch upon the ques­tion of “coercion by the truth”, the power of reason, and the tasks of philosophy. Shestov’s controversy with Husserl expressed the opposition between rationalis­tic epistemology and existential philosophy. However, the differences between the thinkers on scientific and philosophical issues did not interfere with their per­sonal friendship. Husserl sees the irrational reality of life, but he believes that philosophy can and aims to overcome this chaos of the irrational; for Shestov, the task is not to reject the rational, but to criticize the notion of its omnipotence. The exchange of ideas between Shestov and Husserl was an important event in the history of philosophy in the 20th century.
在1928-1930年,列夫·谢斯托夫和埃德蒙·胡塞尔之间只有四次会面。第一次会议已经揭示了对真理的解释上的差异:对胡塞尔来说,理想对象的存在独立于生活状态,现实世界相对于理想处于从属地位。谢斯托夫认为,永恒的理想实体注定会腐朽,尽管在真实和合理之间选择,一个人选择了合理,但在终极理念的情况下,它们暴露了自己的无能。两位哲学家之间的进一步交流使我们有可能触及“真理的胁迫”问题、理性的力量和哲学的任务。舍斯托夫与胡塞尔的论战,表达了理性主义认识论与存在主义哲学的对立。然而,两位思想家在科学和哲学问题上的分歧并没有影响他们的个人友谊。胡塞尔看到了生活的非理性现实,但他相信哲学能够并旨在克服这种非理性的混乱;对舍斯托夫来说,任务不是拒绝理性,而是批评其无所不能的概念。舍斯托夫与胡塞尔的思想交流是20世纪哲学史上的一个重要事件。
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引用次数: 0
The Way to the “Pathless Land” 通往“无路之地”的道路
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-93-104
Y. Prokopchuk
The work is devoted to reflections on the text of A.A. Zinoviev’s dystopia “The Global Humant Hill”. The main ideas of the work, the general trends in the development of civilization outlined in the novel are traced. The close connection of the thoughts and ideas reflected in the work with the pressing problems of the development of modern society is noted. The danger of dehu­manization of human society, submission to social standards, blindly following the path of material progress is shown. The author of the article believes that one of the main problems described in the dystopia is connected with a lack of un­derstanding of the true nature of the human personality, the psychological depth of a person, his moral, spiritual basis, ignoring which leads to disastrous conse­quences. Attention is drawn to the importance of subordinating scientific and technological development to the ideas of human welfare, to critical and skepti­cal attitude to progressive technocratic social models associated with digitaliza­tion, computerization, artificial intelligence. Zinoviev’s novel is seen as a warn­ing to younger contemporaries and future generations, for whom a collision with a complex of problems associated with a new stage of human society develop­ment is inevitable.
这部作品致力于对A.A. Zinoviev的反乌托邦小说《全球人类山》的文本进行反思。对作品的主要思想,小说中概述的文明发展的总趋势进行了追踪。注意到作品中所反映的思想观念与现代社会发展的紧迫问题的密切联系。人类社会的非人性化、屈从于社会标准、盲目追随物质进步道路的危险。本文作者认为,反乌托邦小说中所描述的主要问题之一与缺乏对人的人格本质、人的心理深度、道德、精神基础的理解有关,忽视了这一点会导致灾难性的后果。人们注意到科学和技术发展服从于人类福利理念的重要性,以及对与数字化、计算机化、人工智能相关的进步技术官僚社会模式的批判和怀疑态度。季诺维也夫的小说被视为对年轻一代和未来几代人的警告,对他们来说,与人类社会发展新阶段相关的复杂问题的碰撞是不可避免的。
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引用次数: 0
On the Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence and the Scientific Revolution 人工智能哲学与科学革命
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-206-215
Ilham R. Mammadzada, S. Dadashova
The article is devoted to the philosophical analysis of artificial intelligence and its role in understanding the ideas of the scientific revolution. Over the past decades, the problem of AI has not lost its relevance due to the rapid development of cognitive sciences, on the one hand, and the human desire to achieve tangible results in a short period, on the other. The work is an analysis of some modern problems in Azerbaijani science and an analysis of how it can be modernized with the help of AI. According to the authors, Azerbaijani science is at the stage of transition from a pre-problem to a problem stage, the essence of which is detailed in the article. Such significant questions are revealed as what is AI and a revolution in the minds of scientists, what prevents science from being modern, how the scientific revolution can affect the reform processes in other areas, etc. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the philosophical analysis of AI in the context of the scientific revolution. The authors strive to show that the scientific revolution is possible only through a significant change in individual consciousness (consciousness of scientists) and the influence of science on the collective consciousness (consciousness of society). At the same time, the scientific revolution should be understood as a problem that can be solved with the help of AI. The authors also propose to introduce the construction of interdisciplinary and inter-academic relations into the scientific community on the basis of a “horizontal dialogue”.
这篇文章致力于对人工智能的哲学分析及其在理解科学革命思想中的作用。在过去的几十年里,一方面,由于认知科学的快速发展,另一方面,由于人类希望在短时间内取得切实的成果,人工智能的问题并没有失去它的相关性。这项工作分析了阿塞拜疆科学中的一些现代问题,并分析了如何在人工智能的帮助下实现现代化。作者认为,阿塞拜疆的科学正处于从问题前阶段向问题阶段过渡的阶段,文章中详细介绍了这一阶段的实质。书中揭示了一些重要的问题,如什么是人工智能,什么是科学家头脑中的革命,什么阻碍了科学的现代化,科学革命如何影响其他领域的改革进程,等等。这项工作的科学新颖性在于在科学革命的背景下对人工智能进行哲学分析。作者努力表明,只有通过个人意识(科学家的意识)的重大变化和科学对集体意识(社会的意识)的影响,科学革命才有可能发生。同时,科学革命应该被理解为一个可以在人工智能的帮助下解决的问题。作者还建议在“横向对话”的基础上,将跨学科和学术间关系的构建引入科学界。
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引用次数: 0
VIZGIN, Viktor P. (2021) Between Philosophy and Literature. Works of Different Years VIZGIN,Viktor P.(2021)《哲学与文学之间》。不同年份的作品
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-216-219
Aleksandr Ermichev
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引用次数: 0
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