Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-177-188
D. Martynov, Y. Martynova
The article offers an interpretation of the religious worldview of Kang Youwei (1858–1927). The basis of his views was Confucianism, with the ritual model of religiosity inherent in this doctrine; Kang Youwei also studied several areas of Buddhism from a philosophical point of view. In the treatise The Travelogue of Italy (1904), Kang Youwei offered an analysis of contemporary Catholicism from the standpoint of traditional Chinese literature, considered mainly from a political point of view. The Chinese thinker adhered to axiological relativism, from the position of which he perceived as equivalent any doctrines aimed at the self-improvement of the human person and the entire human society, although he did not approve of ascetic practices. Kang Youwei himself also claimed to be the founder of the dogma, although he was indifferent to ritual, and his system had an expressly philosophical pattern. The Kang’s key concept was Tao, which was revealed to the maximum extent to Buddha and Confucius. Kang Youwei considered the teachings of Mohism, Taoism and early Christianity to be approximately equivalent, and he considered the Catholic Church and the Papacy as a cast from the socio-political system of Ancient Rome, which were particular implementations of the Tao in specific cultures and historical settings. Kang Youwei argued that the most important provisions of the teachings of Pythagoreanism, Judaism and early Christianity were of Indian origin, introduced by Buddhist preachers after the conquests of Alexander the Great.
{"title":"Kang Youwei, Buddhism and Catholicism. Kang Youwei, The Travelogue of Italy, Trans. from Chinese into Russian and Comm. by Dmitry E. Martynov","authors":"D. Martynov, Y. Martynova","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-177-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-177-188","url":null,"abstract":"The article offers an interpretation of the religious worldview of Kang Youwei (1858–1927). The basis of his views was Confucianism, with the ritual model of religiosity inherent in this doctrine; Kang Youwei also studied several areas of Buddhism from a philosophical point of view. In the treatise The Travelogue of Italy (1904), Kang Youwei offered an analysis of contemporary Catholicism from the standpoint of traditional Chinese literature, considered mainly from a political point of view. The Chinese thinker adhered to axiological relativism, from the position of which he perceived as equivalent any doctrines aimed at the self-improvement of the human person and the entire human society, although he did not approve of ascetic practices. Kang Youwei himself also claimed to be the founder of the dogma, although he was indifferent to ritual, and his system had an expressly philosophical pattern. The Kang’s key concept was Tao, which was revealed to the maximum extent to Buddha and Confucius. Kang Youwei considered the teachings of Mohism, Taoism and early Christianity to be approximately equivalent, and he considered the Catholic Church and the Papacy as a cast from the socio-political system of Ancient Rome, which were particular implementations of the Tao in specific cultures and historical settings. Kang Youwei argued that the most important provisions of the teachings of Pythagoreanism, Judaism and early Christianity were of Indian origin, introduced by Buddhist preachers after the conquests of Alexander the Great.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42016017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-18-28
The article examines the controversial issues associated with understanding the category of “society”, which is of key importance for reflective social philosophy and theoretical sociology. The author criticizes the extremely broad interpretation of society as a social reality – a substantively independent subsystem of the world around us, isolated from nature and different from it. Society is understood by the author as an institutional form of the existence of social reality – a self-sufficient human collective capable of producing and reproducing all the necessary conditions for the individual and collective existence of people, including their formation as social beings. The author views society as a real social group consisting of interconnected people who carry out joint coordinated activities aimed at realizing common interests and goals. The point of view is criticized, which denies the ontological reality of society, considering it as an “imaginary community” of people, a product of their project consciousness. The author criticizes the approach according to which the interpretation of society as a real group is not applicable to a society divided into classes with multidirectional interests that cause permanent conflicts between their carriers. The author analyzes the phenomenon of self-sufficient existence, which distinguishes society from non-self-sufficient social groups, distinguishes between actual and potential forms of self-sufficiency, examines its real content associated with the production of subjective, material, informational and organizational elements of social life necessary for its maintenance. The article examines the polemics of representatives of “methodological individualism” and “methodological collectivism” associated with the interpretation of society as an integrative subject with its own needs, interests and goals that are absent from the people who form the society.
{"title":"Society as an Institutional Form of Social Reality","authors":"","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-18-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-18-28","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the controversial issues associated with understanding the category of “society”, which is of key importance for reflective social philosophy and theoretical sociology. The author criticizes the extremely broad interpretation of society as a social reality – a substantively independent subsystem of the world around us, isolated from nature and different from it. Society is understood by the author as an institutional form of the existence of social reality – a self-sufficient human collective capable of producing and reproducing all the necessary conditions for the individual and collective existence of people, including their formation as social beings. The author views society as a real social group consisting of interconnected people who carry out joint coordinated activities aimed at realizing common interests and goals. The point of view is criticized, which denies the ontological reality of society, considering it as an “imaginary community” of people, a product of their project consciousness. The author criticizes the approach according to which the interpretation of society as a real group is not applicable to a society divided into classes with multidirectional interests that cause permanent conflicts between their carriers. The author analyzes the phenomenon of self-sufficient existence, which distinguishes society from non-self-sufficient social groups, distinguishes between actual and potential forms of self-sufficiency, examines its real content associated with the production of subjective, material, informational and organizational elements of social life necessary for its maintenance. The article examines the polemics of representatives of “methodological individualism” and “methodological collectivism” associated with the interpretation of society as an integrative subject with its own needs, interests and goals that are absent from the people who form the society.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68531961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-70-80
Anatoly Yakovlev
Twice in his life (in 1668–1674 and 1696–1700) John Locke held relatively high government positions. The article gives a brief account of his first office, which included drawing up “The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina” (1669). “Constitutions” presented a structure of a colony, seen as a project of a future civil society. It was a scheme of absolutist aristocratic republic, and of limited democracy of freemen with underlying labor of slaves, serfs, and indentured servants. Confrontation, uncompromising struggle with the Evil, and a wide war for Empire, and World Supremacy, all that deemed to be a divine dispensation on the very eve of the Second Coming.
{"title":"Locke and Carolina","authors":"Anatoly Yakovlev","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-70-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-70-80","url":null,"abstract":"Twice in his life (in 1668–1674 and 1696–1700) John Locke held relatively high government positions. The article gives a brief account of his first office, which included drawing up “The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina” (1669). “Constitutions” presented a structure of a colony, seen as a project of a future civil society. It was a scheme of absolutist aristocratic republic, and of limited democracy of freemen with underlying labor of slaves, serfs, and indentured servants. Confrontation, uncompromising struggle with the Evil, and a wide war for Empire, and World Supremacy, all that deemed to be a divine dispensation on the very eve of the Second Coming.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48144975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-48-59
I. Liseev
In recent years, the problems of the modern civilizational choice of our country have been increasingly discussed. Various civilizational projects are considered from the social, economic, political, geopolitical, ideological, general cultural, confessional and other positions. At the same time, projects that pay attention to natural components that influence the formation of new civilizational orientations take the least part in these discussions. And this is understandable. We live in a growing gap between the scientific and technical, humanitarian and social components of the development of modern society, the rapid formation of a new digital era created by the increased scientific and technical power of man. This era led to the emergence of global information networks that made global communications possible, which fundamentally changes the form of organization of modern society. The concept of the formation of such a digital era was comprehensively developed in the works of D. Bell, E. Toffler, M. Castels, M. McLuhan and many other modern researchers. The paper considers the role of ecological thinking in the formation of civilizational orientations of the Russian society of the digital age. The prospects and risks of such a civilizational development are analyzed. The importance of the formation of environmentally oriented thinking for overcoming the risks and dangers of this path, for significant transformations of the formation of civilizational orientations of our country is revealed. The historical prerequisites for the emergence of ecological approaches are considered. The civilizational perspectives of the functioning of ecological thinking in modern conditions are formulated. It is proved that ecological thinking, leading to the formation of a broad ecological culture, fulfills the most important strategic task of our time – the formation of an eco-oriented civilizational attitude of its development in our country.
{"title":"of the Russian Society of the Digital Age","authors":"I. Liseev","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-48-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-48-59","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the problems of the modern civilizational choice of our country have been increasingly discussed. Various civilizational projects are considered from the social, economic, political, geopolitical, ideological, general cultural, confessional and other positions. At the same time, projects that pay attention to natural components that influence the formation of new civilizational orientations take the least part in these discussions. And this is understandable. We live in a growing gap between the scientific and technical, humanitarian and social components of the development of modern society, the rapid formation of a new digital era created by the increased scientific and technical power of man. This era led to the emergence of global information networks that made global communications possible, which fundamentally changes the form of organization of modern society. The concept of the formation of such a digital era was comprehensively developed in the works of D. Bell, E. Toffler, M. Castels, M. McLuhan and many other modern researchers. The paper considers the role of ecological thinking in the formation of civilizational orientations of the Russian society of the digital age. The prospects and risks of such a civilizational development are analyzed. The importance of the formation of environmentally oriented thinking for overcoming the risks and dangers of this path, for significant transformations of the formation of civilizational orientations of our country is revealed. The historical prerequisites for the emergence of ecological approaches are considered. The civilizational perspectives of the functioning of ecological thinking in modern conditions are formulated. It is proved that ecological thinking, leading to the formation of a broad ecological culture, fulfills the most important strategic task of our time – the formation of an eco-oriented civilizational attitude of its development in our country.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44250686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-5-17
V. Vizgin
The article is dedicated to the memory of Alexey Nikolaevich Parshin (1942–2022), an outstanding mathematician, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a scientist with universal interests, who devoted a lot of attention to general problems of science and culture. The author of the article uses the rich philosophical and theoretical heritage of A.N. Parshin, archival materials and personal memories. Initiator of the seminar on Russian philosophy, A.N. Parshin in his works on Russian philosophy traced in particular the theme of its interaction with natural and exact sciences. The article shows that the axis of A.N. Parshin’s Weltanschauung was Christian Platonism, like that of Pavel A. Florensky, whose work made an indelible impression on him and introduced him to the world of philosophy. The author of the article reveals the specifics of A.N. Parshin’s approach to the humanities, to the problem of the unity of knowledge and religious culture. Special author’s attention is paid to such a problem as that of cycles and rhythms in the structure of time, which combines the ideas of various sciences and cultural traditions. This problem was of particular interest to A.N. Parshin. The article also gives the general characteristic of the creative personality of A.N. Parshin, which is based on the concept of heroic philosophy, referring to the later stage of the philosophical evolution of F. Ravaisson, the French spiritualist, the predecessor of H. Bergson.
{"title":"A.N. Parshin (1942–2022): Volunteer of the Best","authors":"V. Vizgin","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-5-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-5-17","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the memory of Alexey Nikolaevich Parshin (1942–2022), an outstanding mathematician, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a scientist with universal interests, who devoted a lot of attention to general problems of science and culture. The author of the article uses the rich philosophical and theoretical heritage of A.N. Parshin, archival materials and personal memories. Initiator of the seminar on Russian philosophy, A.N. Parshin in his works on Russian philosophy traced in particular the theme of its interaction with natural and exact sciences. The article shows that the axis of A.N. Parshin’s Weltanschauung was Christian Platonism, like that of Pavel A. Florensky, whose work made an indelible impression on him and introduced him to the world of philosophy. The author of the article reveals the specifics of A.N. Parshin’s approach to the humanities, to the problem of the unity of knowledge and religious culture. Special author’s attention is paid to such a problem as that of cycles and rhythms in the structure of time, which combines the ideas of various sciences and cultural traditions. This problem was of particular interest to A.N. Parshin. The article also gives the general characteristic of the creative personality of A.N. Parshin, which is based on the concept of heroic philosophy, referring to the later stage of the philosophical evolution of F. Ravaisson, the French spiritualist, the predecessor of H. Bergson.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47241929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-105-116
The Tale of Igor’s Campaign and Records of the Grand Historian are classic books of Russian and Chinese antiquity. Both of them are based on historical facts and combine the features of “literature, history and philosophy”. The main characters of the both works contain deep-rooted characteristics and typical features of the national cultures. Firstly, Igor was brave and resolute and went on a campaign for glory. Liu Bang assessed the situation, sacrificed his reputation, saved his life and waited for an opportunity to strike back. One considers an attack a defense, and the other considers a retreat an offensive. Secondly, both of them behave rationally, their behavior is determined, respectively, by the desire for fame and the desire to preserve life. One considers glory, imbued with heroism and consciousness of suffering, as the goal of life. And according to another, humiliation and preservation of life are prerequisites for achieving victory. Thirdly, the pursuit of fame and the pursuit of life have different consequences. In Russia, “victory on the verge of defeat” can bring sanctity and a sense of glory. In China, the best solution is to “throw back the enemy’s troops without a fight”.
{"title":"Overcome Hardness by Hardness, Overcome Hardness by Softness: comparing The Tale of Igor’s Campaign and Records of the Grand Historian","authors":"","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-105-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-105-116","url":null,"abstract":"The Tale of Igor’s Campaign and Records of the Grand Historian are classic books of Russian and Chinese antiquity. Both of them are based on historical facts and combine the features of “literature, history and philosophy”. The main characters of the both works contain deep-rooted characteristics and typical features of the national cultures. Firstly, Igor was brave and resolute and went on a campaign for glory. Liu Bang assessed the situation, sacrificed his reputation, saved his life and waited for an opportunity to strike back. One considers an attack a defense, and the other considers a retreat an offensive. Secondly, both of them behave rationally, their behavior is determined, respectively, by the desire for fame and the desire to preserve life. One considers glory, imbued with heroism and consciousness of suffering, as the goal of life. And according to another, humiliation and preservation of life are prerequisites for achieving victory. Thirdly, the pursuit of fame and the pursuit of life have different consequences. In Russia, “victory on the verge of defeat” can bring sanctity and a sense of glory. In China, the best solution is to “throw back the enemy’s troops without a fight”.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46987439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-40-43
F. N. Blucher
The article explores the discursive means of expressing ideologies. It is postulated that a person in the conditions of a changing political situation is at the same time able to hide his ideological preferences, but find means to express them. A distinction is made between the use of rational constructs, which is changed under the influence of political conjuncture, and an emotionally colored assessment of facts. It is argued that ideology is more often transmitted through emotionally expressed communication. The concepts of “quasi-science” and “quasi-religion” are introduced, which complete the completeness of the ideological discourse in the communicative space. A formal method is introduced to identify four modern ideologies. It is fixed that the main goal of ideology is to encourage joint social action. The conditions under which the change of ideological constructs takes place are described. The ideas about the ideology of modern Russian politicians are analyzed. It is shown how the ideological support of a special military operation changes during the year. Conclusions are drawn about the dependence of the concept of war on the social stratum of a person in modern Russian society.
{"title":"Ideology and War","authors":"F. N. Blucher","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-40-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-40-43","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the discursive means of expressing ideologies. It is postulated that a person in the conditions of a changing political situation is at the same time able to hide his ideological preferences, but find means to express them. A distinction is made between the use of rational constructs, which is changed under the influence of political conjuncture, and an emotionally colored assessment of facts. It is argued that ideology is more often transmitted through emotionally expressed communication. The concepts of “quasi-science” and “quasi-religion” are introduced, which complete the completeness of the ideological discourse in the communicative space. A formal method is introduced to identify four modern ideologies. It is fixed that the main goal of ideology is to encourage joint social action. The conditions under which the change of ideological constructs takes place are described. The ideas about the ideology of modern Russian politicians are analyzed. It is shown how the ideological support of a special military operation changes during the year. Conclusions are drawn about the dependence of the concept of war on the social stratum of a person in modern Russian society.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42931133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-167-176
N. Rudenko
The article presents and provides argumentation to the relevancy of definition of Neo-Confucian thinker Li Zhi (1527–1602) philosophical views as “oppositional authentism”, the core feature of which is the perception of genuineness as the highest value. This genuineness is defined through making the opposition of genuine and non-genuine. The research is mostly based on 73 essays from Li Zhi’s opus magnum “A Book to Burn” (Fen-shu) and proved with quotations from such works as «Interpretation of Child-like Heart» (Tong-xin shuo), «Interpretation of Diverse [Plays]» (Za-shuo), «Discourse on He Xinyin» (He Xinyin lun), «Preface to the “Analysis of the ‘[Treatise of Teacher] Lao’” by Ziyou» (Ziyou jie-Lao xu), «Discussions on Behalf of Statues of Three Mahasattvas» (San da-shi xiang-yi), «Interpretation of Voidness and Fullness» (Xu-shi shuo). It is noted that Li criticizes as inauthentic both concepts that diverge from reality, and elements of reality that do not correspond to the concepts he shares: which can be seen, in particular, on the example of essays «Discourse on Ghosts and Spirits» (Gui-shen lun) and «Interpretation of the Four Don’ts» (Si wu shuo). Also, the article criticizes some statements of prominent contemporary scholars of the field (R. Handler-Spitz, Li Wai-yee), which are connected with the perception of Li Zhi’s views as consciously contradictional, precisely with Li’s attitude to Confucian canons, emotions and feelings and their manifestations in various spheres of life, filial piety and martyrdom. It is suggested that the tendency to ascertain Li Zhi as conceptually contradictory thinker which is frequently seen in contemporary researches can be explained by the insufficient volume of Li’s texts analyzed by scholars, following stereotypical assessments of the past, as well as the desire to exoticize thinker's views or to endow them with importance for the modern world.
{"title":"Li Zhi’s Oppositional Authentism: An Alternative to the Conceptual Contradictionism","authors":"N. Rudenko","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-167-176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-167-176","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents and provides argumentation to the relevancy of definition of Neo-Confucian thinker Li Zhi (1527–1602) philosophical views as “oppositional authentism”, the core feature of which is the perception of genuineness as the highest value. This genuineness is defined through making the opposition of genuine and non-genuine. The research is mostly based on 73 essays from Li Zhi’s opus magnum “A Book to Burn” (Fen-shu) and proved with quotations from such works as «Interpretation of Child-like Heart» (Tong-xin shuo), «Interpretation of Diverse [Plays]» (Za-shuo), «Discourse on He Xinyin» (He Xinyin lun), «Preface to the “Analysis of the ‘[Treatise of Teacher] Lao’” by Ziyou» (Ziyou jie-Lao xu), «Discussions on Behalf of Statues of Three Mahasattvas» (San da-shi xiang-yi), «Interpretation of Voidness and Fullness» (Xu-shi shuo). It is noted that Li criticizes as inauthentic both concepts that diverge from reality, and elements of reality that do not correspond to the concepts he shares: which can be seen, in particular, on the example of essays «Discourse on Ghosts and Spirits» (Gui-shen lun) and «Interpretation of the Four Don’ts» (Si wu shuo). Also, the article criticizes some statements of prominent contemporary scholars of the field (R. Handler-Spitz, Li Wai-yee), which are connected with the perception of Li Zhi’s views as consciously contradictional, precisely with Li’s attitude to Confucian canons, emotions and feelings and their manifestations in various spheres of life, filial piety and martyrdom. It is suggested that the tendency to ascertain Li Zhi as conceptually contradictory thinker which is frequently seen in contemporary researches can be explained by the insufficient volume of Li’s texts analyzed by scholars, following stereotypical assessments of the past, as well as the desire to exoticize thinker's views or to endow them with importance for the modern world.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43647934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-189-205
S. V. Filonov
This article is devoted to the analysis of the social structure of Taiwanese Daoism and its role in the everyday life of Taiwanese society. The emergence of Taoism in Taiwan dates back to the middle of the 17th century, when the first settlers arrived here from the areas of Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Chaozhou, located in the southern coastal regions of mainland China. Until the 20th century, only Taoists of the Orthodox One school (Zhengyipai) were represented in Taiwanese society. The peculiarity of the ritualists of the Zhengyi school is their close connection with the local community, whose spiritual needs they serve. The author, based on the work of Taiwanese researchers and his own humble experience of field research in Taiwan, examines the social history of Taiwanese Daoism and characterizes its main currents. The article discusses the features of the Daoist tradition of Dao-fa er-men, the Lingbao lineage and the Chanhe lineage, as well as the social role of ritual masters fashi belonging to the “vernacular level” of the Taoist tradition, and grassroots spirit mediums tong-ki. As the results of modern research indicate, Taiwanese Daoism has many forms and historical variations, but it retains its social mission unchanged. The modern Taoist ritualists of Taiwan, first of all, ensure the normal functioning of the local social organism, its unity and ethnocultural self-identification.
{"title":"Taiwanese Daoism: Variability of Forms and Immutability of the Social Mission","authors":"S. V. Filonov","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-189-205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-189-205","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the analysis of the social structure of Taiwanese Daoism and its role in the everyday life of Taiwanese society. The emergence of Taoism in Taiwan dates back to the middle of the 17th century, when the first settlers arrived here from the areas of Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Chaozhou, located in the southern coastal regions of mainland China. Until the 20th century, only Taoists of the Orthodox One school (Zhengyipai) were represented in Taiwanese society. The peculiarity of the ritualists of the Zhengyi school is their close connection with the local community, whose spiritual needs they serve. The author, based on the work of Taiwanese researchers and his own humble experience of field research in Taiwan, examines the social history of Taiwanese Daoism and characterizes its main currents. The article discusses the features of the Daoist tradition of Dao-fa er-men, the Lingbao lineage and the Chanhe lineage, as well as the social role of ritual masters fashi belonging to the “vernacular level” of the Taoist tradition, and grassroots spirit mediums tong-ki. As the results of modern research indicate, Taiwanese Daoism has many forms and historical variations, but it retains its social mission unchanged. The modern Taoist ritualists of Taiwan, first of all, ensure the normal functioning of the local social organism, its unity and ethnocultural self-identification.","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42544257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-219-222
Elena A. Сhaginskaya
{"title":"RADIONOVA, Taisia Ya. (2020) About Self-Knowledge of Velimir Khlebnikov: Eight Variations on the Theme. An Experience of Co-reflection in the Context of United Intonology","authors":"Elena A. Сhaginskaya","doi":"10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-219-222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-4-219-222","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46795,"journal":{"name":"VOPROSY FILOSOFII","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45945600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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