Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.1017/S0952675721000142
Karthik Durvasula, M. Q. Ruthan, Sarah Heidenreich, Yen-Hwei Lin
Previous research has found that different syllabic (particularly simplex vs. complex onset) organisations have different temporal stability signatures in articulations – this observation is based entirely on articulatory measurements. In this article, we present the results of three production experiments which show that similar correlations between onset organisation and temporal stability metrics are observable in an analysis of acoustic measurements in American English and Jazani Arabic. The results that we present show stability across speakers and test items for both language groups, and highlight the possibility of using acoustic techniques to help to investigate the organisation of onsets in other languages.
{"title":"Probing syllable structure through acoustic measurements: case studies on American English and Jazani Arabic","authors":"Karthik Durvasula, M. Q. Ruthan, Sarah Heidenreich, Yen-Hwei Lin","doi":"10.1017/S0952675721000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952675721000142","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has found that different syllabic (particularly simplex vs. complex onset) organisations have different temporal stability signatures in articulations – this observation is based entirely on articulatory measurements. In this article, we present the results of three production experiments which show that similar correlations between onset organisation and temporal stability metrics are observable in an analysis of acoustic measurements in American English and Jazani Arabic. The results that we present show stability across speakers and test items for both language groups, and highlight the possibility of using acoustic techniques to help to investigate the organisation of onsets in other languages.","PeriodicalId":46804,"journal":{"name":"Phonology","volume":"38 1","pages":"173 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47281115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.1017/S0952675721000178
P. Guekguezian
The mismatching of morphosyntactic and phonological domains inside words provides a testing ground for models of the morphosyntax–phonology interface. This paper describes a pattern of morphosyntax–phonology mismatches in Muskogee. Muskogee verbs are spelled out at two phases, vP and CP, resulting in two phonological domains, which this paper models as ω-recursion. The vP phase and ωmin are mismatched: either vP-phase material is parsed outside ωmin – an undermatch – or CP-phase material is parsed inside ωmin – an overmatch. The mismatch pattern requires a parallel model of morphosyntax–phonology mapping to distinguish mismatches using gradient Align constraints, rather than categorial Match constraints. Additionally, a phase-based model must allow earlier cycles to be altered in later cycles, ruling out strict phase inalterability in phonology, while a Stratal OT analysis must send a word's first phase through the stem-level phonology, regardless of its ultimate phasal structure.
{"title":"Morphosyntax–phonology mismatches in Muskogee","authors":"P. Guekguezian","doi":"10.1017/S0952675721000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952675721000178","url":null,"abstract":"The mismatching of morphosyntactic and phonological domains inside words provides a testing ground for models of the morphosyntax–phonology interface. This paper describes a pattern of morphosyntax–phonology mismatches in Muskogee. Muskogee verbs are spelled out at two phases, vP and CP, resulting in two phonological domains, which this paper models as ω-recursion. The vP phase and ωmin are mismatched: either vP-phase material is parsed outside ωmin – an undermatch – or CP-phase material is parsed inside ωmin – an overmatch. The mismatch pattern requires a parallel model of morphosyntax–phonology mapping to distinguish mismatches using gradient Align constraints, rather than categorial Match constraints. Additionally, a phase-based model must allow earlier cycles to be altered in later cycles, ruling out strict phase inalterability in phonology, while a Stratal OT analysis must send a word's first phase through the stem-level phonology, regardless of its ultimate phasal structure.","PeriodicalId":46804,"journal":{"name":"Phonology","volume":"38 1","pages":"277 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46575959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.1017/S0952675721000166
Shuxiao Gong, Jie Zhang
This paper investigates the nature of native Mandarin Chinese speakers’ phonotactic knowledge via an experimental study and formal modelling of the experimental results. Results from a phonological well-formedness judgement experiment suggest that Mandarin speakers’ phonotactic knowledge is sensitive not only to lexical statistics, but also to grammatical principles such as systematic and accidental phonotactic constraints, allophonic restrictions and segment–tone co-occurrence restrictions. We employ the UCLA Phonotactic Learner to model Mandarin speakers’ phonotactic knowledge, and compare the model's well-formedness predictions with speakers’ judgements. The disparity between the model's predictions and the well-formedness ratings from the experiment indicates that grammatical principles and the lexicon are still not sufficient to explain all of the variations in the speakers’ judgements. We argue that multiple biases, such as naturalness bias, allophony bias and suprasegmental bias, are effective during phonotactic learning.
{"title":"Modelling Mandarin speakers’ phonotactic knowledge","authors":"Shuxiao Gong, Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1017/S0952675721000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952675721000166","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the nature of native Mandarin Chinese speakers’ phonotactic knowledge via an experimental study and formal modelling of the experimental results. Results from a phonological well-formedness judgement experiment suggest that Mandarin speakers’ phonotactic knowledge is sensitive not only to lexical statistics, but also to grammatical principles such as systematic and accidental phonotactic constraints, allophonic restrictions and segment–tone co-occurrence restrictions. We employ the UCLA Phonotactic Learner to model Mandarin speakers’ phonotactic knowledge, and compare the model's well-formedness predictions with speakers’ judgements. The disparity between the model's predictions and the well-formedness ratings from the experiment indicates that grammatical principles and the lexicon are still not sufficient to explain all of the variations in the speakers’ judgements. We argue that multiple biases, such as naturalness bias, allophony bias and suprasegmental bias, are effective during phonotactic learning.","PeriodicalId":46804,"journal":{"name":"Phonology","volume":"38 1","pages":"241 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56970908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.1017/S095267572100018X
Nicholas Van Handel
In this paper, I develop an analysis of the Italian syntax–prosody interface in Match Theory, revisiting three φ-diagnostics from previous work: word-final vowel deletion, stress retraction and final lengthening. I show that these processes sometimes diverge in their distribution, supporting the existence of two phrasal domains in Italian. These domains are analysed using prosodic recursion. I then develop a novel formulation of MatchXP, according to which only syntactic XPs with phonologically overt heads, whether lexical or functional, are visible to the syntax–prosody mapping. This formulation is argued to be superior to versions of MatchXP that only match lexical XPs or that attempt to match all XPs, at least in Italian, suggesting that implementation of syntax–prosody mapping constraints may be subject to cross-linguistic variation.
{"title":"Matching overtly headed syntactic phrases in Italian","authors":"Nicholas Van Handel","doi":"10.1017/S095267572100018X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S095267572100018X","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I develop an analysis of the Italian syntax–prosody interface in Match Theory, revisiting three φ-diagnostics from previous work: word-final vowel deletion, stress retraction and final lengthening. I show that these processes sometimes diverge in their distribution, supporting the existence of two phrasal domains in Italian. These domains are analysed using prosodic recursion. I then develop a novel formulation of MatchXP, according to which only syntactic XPs with phonologically overt heads, whether lexical or functional, are visible to the syntax–prosody mapping. This formulation is argued to be superior to versions of MatchXP that only match lexical XPs or that attempt to match all XPs, at least in Italian, suggesting that implementation of syntax–prosody mapping constraints may be subject to cross-linguistic variation.","PeriodicalId":46804,"journal":{"name":"Phonology","volume":"38 1","pages":"317 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45055372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1017/S0952675721000051
Beata Łukaszewicz
During acquisition children internalise adult-based phonological patterns and alternately adopt and discard child-specific patterns reflecting their unskilled production. The child-specific patterns are often assumed to be low-level phonetic effects, and so, in a classical modular feedforward grammar, they should not interfere with the higher-level adult-based phonology. This paper reports an interaction in which the application of a categorical adult-based process (Voice Assimilation) is conditioned by a gradient child-specific process (fricative devoicing). Acoustic analyses of longitudinal data from a Polish-speaking child reveal variable Voice Assimilation effects in target voiced fricative–stop/stop–fricative clusters (voicing and devoicing), correlated with the extent of voicing in fricatives in non-assimilatory contexts. I analyse this phonology–phonetics trade-off by appealing to symbol-like dynamical representations, expressed in the language of non-linear mathematics. Such representations offer a non-derivational link between the qualitative and quantitative aspects of speech. Variability ensues as a natural consequence of grammar change.
{"title":"The dynamical landscape: phonological acquisition and the phonology–phonetics link","authors":"Beata Łukaszewicz","doi":"10.1017/S0952675721000051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952675721000051","url":null,"abstract":"During acquisition children internalise adult-based phonological patterns and alternately adopt and discard child-specific patterns reflecting their unskilled production. The child-specific patterns are often assumed to be low-level phonetic effects, and so, in a classical modular feedforward grammar, they should not interfere with the higher-level adult-based phonology. This paper reports an interaction in which the application of a categorical adult-based process (Voice Assimilation) is conditioned by a gradient child-specific process (fricative devoicing). Acoustic analyses of longitudinal data from a Polish-speaking child reveal variable Voice Assimilation effects in target voiced fricative–stop/stop–fricative clusters (voicing and devoicing), correlated with the extent of voicing in fricatives in non-assimilatory contexts. I analyse this phonology–phonetics trade-off by appealing to symbol-like dynamical representations, expressed in the language of non-linear mathematics. Such representations offer a non-derivational link between the qualitative and quantitative aspects of speech. Variability ensues as a natural consequence of grammar change.","PeriodicalId":46804,"journal":{"name":"Phonology","volume":"38 1","pages":"81 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0952675721000051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46486649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1017/S095267572100004X
Daiho Kitaoka, Sara Mackenzie
This paper provides a description and an Optimality Theory analysis of the Japanese language game sakasa kotoba. This analysis contributes to the phonological study of language games, as sakasa kotoba constitutes a novel language game type: total mora reversal. In addition, our analysis contributes to the study of Japanese phonology, by providing evidence (i) for the mora, (ii) on the internal structure of the syllable in Japanese and (iii) on the representation of moras occurring in complex syllables, namely coda nasals, geminates and long vowels. The patterning of these moras suggests that the game manipulates intermediate representations, rather than underlying or surface forms. We propose a formal analysis within the framework of Stratal OT. The analysis uses a game-specific constraint to motivate reversal, with other aspects of game form shape determined through the interaction of markedness and faithfulness constraints.
{"title":"Moraic reversal and realisation: analysis of a Japanese language game","authors":"Daiho Kitaoka, Sara Mackenzie","doi":"10.1017/S095267572100004X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S095267572100004X","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a description and an Optimality Theory analysis of the Japanese language game sakasa kotoba. This analysis contributes to the phonological study of language games, as sakasa kotoba constitutes a novel language game type: total mora reversal. In addition, our analysis contributes to the study of Japanese phonology, by providing evidence (i) for the mora, (ii) on the internal structure of the syllable in Japanese and (iii) on the representation of moras occurring in complex syllables, namely coda nasals, geminates and long vowels. The patterning of these moras suggests that the game manipulates intermediate representations, rather than underlying or surface forms. We propose a formal analysis within the framework of Stratal OT. The analysis uses a game-specific constraint to motivate reversal, with other aspects of game form shape determined through the interaction of markedness and faithfulness constraints.","PeriodicalId":46804,"journal":{"name":"Phonology","volume":"38 1","pages":"41 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S095267572100004X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48043997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1017/S0952675721000099
Jason A. Shaw
There is increasing awareness that the temporal dimension of speech, in particular the relative timing of speech movements, contains rich information about phonological structure. Relating abstract phonological structure to the temporal unfolding of realistically variable speech data remains a major interdisciplinary challenge. It is this challenge that is taken up in Speech timing: implications for theories of phonology, phonetics, and speech motor control, henceforth Speech timing. The book has eleven chapters, including a short introduction and a conclusion. The main proposal – a sketch of a model mapping phonological representations to continuous movements of articulators – comes in the second half of the book, particularly in Chapters 7 and 10. The second half also includes chapters on optimisation (Ch. 8: ‘Optimization’) and general mechanisms for timing (Ch. 9: ‘How do timing mechanisms work?’). These provide a unique synthesis of speech and nonspeech literature, which is highly accessible for linguists, and serves to motivate aspects of the main proposal. The first half of the book provides a description and critique of the theory of Articulatory Phonology, developed in the Task Dynamics framework (AP/TD) (e.g. Browman & Goldstein 1986, Saltzman & Munhall 1989). On the view of the authors:
{"title":"Alice Turk and Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel (2020). Speech timing: implications for theories of phonology, phonetics, and speech motor control. (Oxford Studies in Phonology and Phonetics 5.) Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp. xv + 370.","authors":"Jason A. Shaw","doi":"10.1017/S0952675721000099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952675721000099","url":null,"abstract":"There is increasing awareness that the temporal dimension of speech, in particular the relative timing of speech movements, contains rich information about phonological structure. Relating abstract phonological structure to the temporal unfolding of realistically variable speech data remains a major interdisciplinary challenge. It is this challenge that is taken up in Speech timing: implications for theories of phonology, phonetics, and speech motor control, henceforth Speech timing. The book has eleven chapters, including a short introduction and a conclusion. The main proposal – a sketch of a model mapping phonological representations to continuous movements of articulators – comes in the second half of the book, particularly in Chapters 7 and 10. The second half also includes chapters on optimisation (Ch. 8: ‘Optimization’) and general mechanisms for timing (Ch. 9: ‘How do timing mechanisms work?’). These provide a unique synthesis of speech and nonspeech literature, which is highly accessible for linguists, and serves to motivate aspects of the main proposal. The first half of the book provides a description and critique of the theory of Articulatory Phonology, developed in the Task Dynamics framework (AP/TD) (e.g. Browman & Goldstein 1986, Saltzman & Munhall 1989). On the view of the authors:","PeriodicalId":46804,"journal":{"name":"Phonology","volume":"38 1","pages":"165 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0952675721000099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46012900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1017/S0952675721000087
Beata Łukaszewicz
This edited volume is a collection of papers on phonological development and language disorders, compiled in honour of David Ingram in recognition of his contribution to these fields of study. There is also some initial focus on the International Child Phonology Conference (ICPC), which for about forty years has served as the conference for the child phonology research community. The book is the 19th volume in the ‘Communication Disorders across Languages’ series. The cross-linguistic focus of the volume as well as of the series as a whole serves the important goal of making less well-known research on (and in) languages other than English accessible to an international audience. In a nutshell, the papers in the volume report on empirical studies of child speech development (typical and impaired) in various languages, taking place in a monolingual environment. Collectively, they provide valuable information on the acquisition of selected aspects of cross-linguistic (segmental and prosodic) structure, available assessment tools and current intervention practice. The studies differ in their theoretical and clinical relevance, with some contributing to both domains. They also differ in scope, ranging from small-scale preliminary studies, based on novel or already existing corpora, to large-scale normative studies, the latter being essential from the point of view of constructing screening tests to allow for early intervention in children with speech delays. The languages under investigation include Dutch, American English, French, Greek, Israeli Hebrew, Hungarian, Polish, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Mexican Spanish and Valley Zapotec. In what follows, I present the structure of the volume and the focus of each of the chapters, with the aim of highlighting potential points of interest for phonologists working on various aspects of child language acquisition. Such short highlights cannot reflect the (rather likeable) loquacity of many chapters, which give generous background not only on the acquisitional issues considered, but also on the corresponding languages and cultures. A few notes on the presentation of Polish, my native language, appear in a separate section towards the end of this review.
{"title":"Elena Babatsouli (ed.) (2020). On under-reported monolingual child phonology. (Communication Disorders across Languages 19.) Bristol & Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters. Pp. xxi + 453.","authors":"Beata Łukaszewicz","doi":"10.1017/S0952675721000087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952675721000087","url":null,"abstract":"This edited volume is a collection of papers on phonological development and language disorders, compiled in honour of David Ingram in recognition of his contribution to these fields of study. There is also some initial focus on the International Child Phonology Conference (ICPC), which for about forty years has served as the conference for the child phonology research community. The book is the 19th volume in the ‘Communication Disorders across Languages’ series. The cross-linguistic focus of the volume as well as of the series as a whole serves the important goal of making less well-known research on (and in) languages other than English accessible to an international audience. In a nutshell, the papers in the volume report on empirical studies of child speech development (typical and impaired) in various languages, taking place in a monolingual environment. Collectively, they provide valuable information on the acquisition of selected aspects of cross-linguistic (segmental and prosodic) structure, available assessment tools and current intervention practice. The studies differ in their theoretical and clinical relevance, with some contributing to both domains. They also differ in scope, ranging from small-scale preliminary studies, based on novel or already existing corpora, to large-scale normative studies, the latter being essential from the point of view of constructing screening tests to allow for early intervention in children with speech delays. The languages under investigation include Dutch, American English, French, Greek, Israeli Hebrew, Hungarian, Polish, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Mexican Spanish and Valley Zapotec. In what follows, I present the structure of the volume and the focus of each of the chapters, with the aim of highlighting potential points of interest for phonologists working on various aspects of child language acquisition. Such short highlights cannot reflect the (rather likeable) loquacity of many chapters, which give generous background not only on the acquisitional issues considered, but also on the corresponding languages and cultures. A few notes on the presentation of Polish, my native language, appear in a separate section towards the end of this review.","PeriodicalId":46804,"journal":{"name":"Phonology","volume":"38 1","pages":"153 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0952675721000087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46755695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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