Pub Date : 2021-05-07DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.1914559
Melisew Dejene, Logan Cochrane
ABSTRACT Agriculture is the predominant livelihood in rural Ethiopia, where chronic food insecurity is prevalent. In 2005, Ethiopia launched the Productive Safety Net Program, aiming to improve rural livelihoods and food security. This study focuses on the primarily modality of the programme: food and/or cash in exchange for labour. We analyse how the supports have contributed to the stated objectives, assessing food security status using two measurement tools (Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, Coping Strategies Index). We find that the programme has not reached its potential due to unpredictable and delayed payments, exposing households to unconventional debt arrangements, often exacerbating vulnerability.
{"title":"Safety nets as a means of tackling chronic food insecurity in rural southern Ethiopia: what is constraining programme contributions?","authors":"Melisew Dejene, Logan Cochrane","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2021.1914559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.1914559","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Agriculture is the predominant livelihood in rural Ethiopia, where chronic food insecurity is prevalent. In 2005, Ethiopia launched the Productive Safety Net Program, aiming to improve rural livelihoods and food security. This study focuses on the primarily modality of the programme: food and/or cash in exchange for labour. We analyse how the supports have contributed to the stated objectives, assessing food security status using two measurement tools (Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, Coping Strategies Index). We find that the programme has not reached its potential due to unpredictable and delayed payments, exposing households to unconventional debt arrangements, often exacerbating vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"1 1","pages":"157 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81024552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-07DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.1914006
Léo Delpy
RÉSUMÉ Cet article étudie le développement des régimes de protection sociale en Afrique subsaharienne. Pour ce faire, nous proposons une typologie originale des régimes de protection sociale. Nous identifions trois régimes, les welfare states, les régimes hybrides et les régimes d’insécurité sociale. Nous formons l’hypothèse que la formation des différents régimes de protection sociale est le résultat des interactions d’acteurs nationaux et internationaux. Les exemples de l’Afrique du Sud, de la Côte d’Ivoire, de Madagascar et du Rwanda permettent de démontrer l’importance des compromis multi-acteurs (élite politique, société civile, organisation internationale) dans la fabrication des différents régimes de protection sociale.
{"title":"Analyse comparative des régimes de protection sociale en Afrique subsaharienne","authors":"Léo Delpy","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2021.1914006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.1914006","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ Cet article étudie le développement des régimes de protection sociale en Afrique subsaharienne. Pour ce faire, nous proposons une typologie originale des régimes de protection sociale. Nous identifions trois régimes, les welfare states, les régimes hybrides et les régimes d’insécurité sociale. Nous formons l’hypothèse que la formation des différents régimes de protection sociale est le résultat des interactions d’acteurs nationaux et internationaux. Les exemples de l’Afrique du Sud, de la Côte d’Ivoire, de Madagascar et du Rwanda permettent de démontrer l’importance des compromis multi-acteurs (élite politique, société civile, organisation internationale) dans la fabrication des différents régimes de protection sociale.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"152 1","pages":"176 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73754086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-26DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.1912717
C. Allum
Voluntaris – subtitled “Journal of Volunteer Services” – plays an important role in the discourse on international volunteering for both academics and practitioners. In 2018, it produced this speci...
{"title":"Insights on international volunteering: Perspectives from the Global South","authors":"C. Allum","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2021.1912717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.1912717","url":null,"abstract":"Voluntaris – subtitled “Journal of Volunteer Services” – plays an important role in the discourse on international volunteering for both academics and practitioners. In 2018, it produced this speci...","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"13 1","pages":"298 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87814390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.1906632
J. Lander
ABSTRACT This article argues that so-called “development” strategies based on natural resource extraction make the national state vulnerable to a de facto process of constitutional change. It develops a new conceptual framework based on the materiality of state constitutions, which informs a methodological approach focused on the identification and analysis of legal and political change within three “pressure point” areas of core concern to constitutional law and politics: legislative sovereignty, territorial integration and administration, and the governance of citizenship. This approach extends the gaze of law and development scholarship to identify constitutional issues arising from extractive development models, and more generally to appreciate how political economy can be understood as a relevant dimension of constitutional law and politics.
{"title":"Shifting states: the constitutional risks of extractive development","authors":"J. Lander","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2021.1906632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.1906632","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article argues that so-called “development” strategies based on natural resource extraction make the national state vulnerable to a de facto process of constitutional change. It develops a new conceptual framework based on the materiality of state constitutions, which informs a methodological approach focused on the identification and analysis of legal and political change within three “pressure point” areas of core concern to constitutional law and politics: legislative sovereignty, territorial integration and administration, and the governance of citizenship. This approach extends the gaze of law and development scholarship to identify constitutional issues arising from extractive development models, and more generally to appreciate how political economy can be understood as a relevant dimension of constitutional law and politics.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"14 10 1","pages":"59 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83070035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2020.1832881
Tobias Franz
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic is exposing the vulnerabilities of Latin America’s commodity-producing countries and is exacerbating their structurally weak position in global financial capitalism. Due to a high dependency on incomes from commodity exports, a reliance on external finance, and the volatility of exchange rates, the economies of Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru are hit particularly hard by the COVID-19 crisis with projections for 2020 predicting economic contractions of up to 14 per cent. By looking through the theoretical prism of critical economic geography, this article argues that in addition to the health and direct economic consequences of the pandemic, these countries will experience so-called switching crises as a result of the constant geographical restructuring of capitalism. As capital had moved into Latin America’s commodity-producing economies to provide spatial fixes to global capitalism’s previous crises by displacing them geographically and temporarily, the fall in commodity prices and the sudden stop to and reversal of capital flows has caused additional burdens in the current crisis. With the resulting debt expansion, the remaining dependency on external finance, and the structural deficiencies in achieving economic diversification, the territorialisation of capitalism’s crisis tendencies in the COVID-19 crisis will disproportionately affect Latin America’s commodity-producing economies.
{"title":"Spatial fixes and switching crises in the times of COVID-19: implications for commodity-producing economies in Latin America","authors":"Tobias Franz","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2020.1832881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2020.1832881","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 The COVID-19 pandemic is exposing the vulnerabilities of Latin America’s commodity-producing countries and is exacerbating their structurally weak position in global financial capitalism. Due to a high dependency on incomes from commodity exports, a reliance on external finance, and the volatility of exchange rates, the economies of Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru are hit particularly hard by the COVID-19 crisis with projections for 2020 predicting economic contractions of up to 14 per cent. By looking through the theoretical prism of critical economic geography, this article argues that in addition to the health and direct economic consequences of the pandemic, these countries will experience so-called switching crises as a result of the constant geographical restructuring of capitalism. As capital had moved into Latin America’s commodity-producing economies to provide spatial fixes to global capitalism’s previous crises by displacing them geographically and temporarily, the fall in commodity prices and the sudden stop to and reversal of capital flows has caused additional burdens in the current crisis. With the resulting debt expansion, the remaining dependency on external finance, and the structural deficiencies in achieving economic diversification, the territorialisation of capitalism’s crisis tendencies in the COVID-19 crisis will disproportionately affect Latin America’s commodity-producing economies.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"12 1","pages":"109 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88455377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.1894102
Christina Laskaridis
ABSTRACT The pandemic brought to the fore the long-standing weaknesses of resolving countries’ debt repayment difficulties. This article examines the response by the G20 and the IMF in the first six months of the pandemic focusing on low-income countries. This article maps the proposals and current debate motivated by the pandemic and argues that a critical element of the dysfunctional architecture that deserves more attention is Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA). The article analyses the characteristics of IMF loans to DSSI eligible countries, and scrutinises the IMF’s loan approval basis. The article finds that programmes were approved on the basis of sharp “V” shaped recovery and re-establishment of fiscal austerity after transitory deficit spending. As a consequence of the problems in international sovereign debt architecture, the IMF and G20 have provided piecemeal policies to address the unfolding crisis. The article suggests the problem of DSA is symptomatic of its fraught origin and concludes that along with existing proposals to improve sovereign debt architecture, the alternatives for a more suitable economic analysis ought to be revisited.
{"title":"When push came to shove: COVID-19 and debt crises in low-income countries","authors":"Christina Laskaridis","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2021.1894102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.1894102","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The pandemic brought to the fore the long-standing weaknesses of resolving countries’ debt repayment difficulties. This article examines the response by the G20 and the IMF in the first six months of the pandemic focusing on low-income countries. This article maps the proposals and current debate motivated by the pandemic and argues that a critical element of the dysfunctional architecture that deserves more attention is Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA). The article analyses the characteristics of IMF loans to DSSI eligible countries, and scrutinises the IMF’s loan approval basis. The article finds that programmes were approved on the basis of sharp “V” shaped recovery and re-establishment of fiscal austerity after transitory deficit spending. As a consequence of the problems in international sovereign debt architecture, the IMF and G20 have provided piecemeal policies to address the unfolding crisis. The article suggests the problem of DSA is symptomatic of its fraught origin and concludes that along with existing proposals to improve sovereign debt architecture, the alternatives for a more suitable economic analysis ought to be revisited.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"19 1","pages":"200 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87888008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.1900799
K. Little
{"title":"Entangled territorialities: negotiating Indigenous lands in Australia and Canada","authors":"K. Little","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2021.1900799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.1900799","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"37 1","pages":"332 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76722787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.1895090
Giedre Jokubauskaite, D. Rossati
ABSTRACT This article criticises the growing reliance on environmental and social (ES) policies by development finance institutions (DFIs), and the increasing use of corresponding accountability mechanisms to challenge development projects. The concept of juridification is used to explain this phenomenon and shows the crucial role of global civil society in expanding the reach of ES policies and accountability mechanisms. Linked to the competition between DFIs in the “marketplace” of international development finance, juridification also enables legal avoidance practices by the DFIs. The article shows that juridification in international development finance is “tragic” because the expansion of ES policies further marginalises the affected groups needing legal protection.
{"title":"A tragedy of juridification in international development finance","authors":"Giedre Jokubauskaite, D. Rossati","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2021.1895090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.1895090","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article criticises the growing reliance on environmental and social (ES) policies by development finance institutions (DFIs), and the increasing use of corresponding accountability mechanisms to challenge development projects. The concept of juridification is used to explain this phenomenon and shows the crucial role of global civil society in expanding the reach of ES policies and accountability mechanisms. Linked to the competition between DFIs in the “marketplace” of international development finance, juridification also enables legal avoidance practices by the DFIs. The article shows that juridification in international development finance is “tragic” because the expansion of ES policies further marginalises the affected groups needing legal protection.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"204 1","pages":"39 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78999564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.1902289
M. Faruque
ABSTRACT This article focuses on the conflict over the most contentious resource development project in Bangladesh, a proposed coal mine in its northwest region. Moving beyond the rationale of place-based local struggles against transnational mining corporations, it examines the macro dynamics of resource extraction, i.e. the institutional context and deal-making culture, to emphasise the ability of popular power from below to confront extractive industry practices on the ground. Drawing on Overland’s theorising of the role of civil society in natural resource management, it argues that in a political context characterised by extractive institutions, robust debate in the public sphere and social mobilisation at local and national levels can strengthen popular power from below to safeguard the benefits of energy resources in a poor country.
{"title":"Foreign investment, mining conflict, and contested development in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Faruque","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2021.1902289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.1902289","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article focuses on the conflict over the most contentious resource development project in Bangladesh, a proposed coal mine in its northwest region. Moving beyond the rationale of place-based local struggles against transnational mining corporations, it examines the macro dynamics of resource extraction, i.e. the institutional context and deal-making culture, to emphasise the ability of popular power from below to confront extractive industry practices on the ground. Drawing on Overland’s theorising of the role of civil society in natural resource management, it argues that in a political context characterised by extractive institutions, robust debate in the public sphere and social mobilisation at local and national levels can strengthen popular power from below to safeguard the benefits of energy resources in a poor country.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"58 1","pages":"537 - 555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74285850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.1890003
Surbhi Kesar, Rosa Abraham, R. Lahoti, Paaritosh Nath, Amit Basole
ABSTRACT We analyze findings from a large-scale survey of around 5000 respondents across 12 states of India, conducted during the months of April and May 2020, to study the impact of COVID-19 pandemic containment measures (lockdown) on employment, livelihoods, and food security. Given the predominantly informal nature of employment and critically low investment in State-funded social security nets, the impact, albeit unprecedented in its scale, was not entirely unexpected in its nature. We find that around two-thirds of respondents reported losing employment during the lockdown, and those that continued to be employed witness a sharp decline in earning. Further, with critically low levels of social security net, the loss in employment quickly translated into food and livelihoods insecurity. Almost 80 per cent of households experienced a reduction in food intake, more than 60 per cent did not have enough money for a week’s worth of essentials, and a third took a loan to cover expenses during the lockdown. We also use a set of logistic regressions to identify how employment loss and reduction in food intake varied with individual and household-level characteristics. Based on our analysis, we argue that while there is an urgent need to undertake effective measures to support livelihoods and facilitate an economic recovery, we also highlight the necessity to critically evaluate the current development trajectory, whereby decades-long high economic growth has failed to translate into more secure livelihoods for a vast majority of the workforce.
{"title":"Pandemic, informality, and vulnerability: impact of COVID-19 on livelihoods in India","authors":"Surbhi Kesar, Rosa Abraham, R. Lahoti, Paaritosh Nath, Amit Basole","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2021.1890003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.1890003","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We analyze findings from a large-scale survey of around 5000 respondents across 12 states of India, conducted during the months of April and May 2020, to study the impact of COVID-19 pandemic containment measures (lockdown) on employment, livelihoods, and food security. Given the predominantly informal nature of employment and critically low investment in State-funded social security nets, the impact, albeit unprecedented in its scale, was not entirely unexpected in its nature. We find that around two-thirds of respondents reported losing employment during the lockdown, and those that continued to be employed witness a sharp decline in earning. Further, with critically low levels of social security net, the loss in employment quickly translated into food and livelihoods insecurity. Almost 80 per cent of households experienced a reduction in food intake, more than 60 per cent did not have enough money for a week’s worth of essentials, and a third took a loan to cover expenses during the lockdown. We also use a set of logistic regressions to identify how employment loss and reduction in food intake varied with individual and household-level characteristics. Based on our analysis, we argue that while there is an urgent need to undertake effective measures to support livelihoods and facilitate an economic recovery, we also highlight the necessity to critically evaluate the current development trajectory, whereby decades-long high economic growth has failed to translate into more secure livelihoods for a vast majority of the workforce.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"110 1","pages":"145 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81471338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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