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The problem of doing more: success and paradoxes in scaling up informal initiatives for disaster risk reduction and climate action 做得更多的问题:扩大减少灾害风险和气候行动非正式倡议的成功与矛盾
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.2019574
G. Lizarralde, L. Bornstein, Benjamin Herazo, Roberto Burdiles, C. Araneda, Holmes Páez Martínez, Julia Helena Diaz, Gabriel Fauveaud, Andrés Olivera, Gonzalo González, Oswaldo López, Adriana Lopez, T. Dhar
ABSTRACT Development studies highlight the importance of scaling good practices and their replicability and transferability to face global warming. But what happens when practices originate in informal urban contexts? Should they be replicated, amplified and formalized? We explore the opportunities and contradictions that emerge in scaling disaster risk reduction in informal settings. For four years, we documented 24 local initiatives and the work of leaders in Latin America. Results show that impact depends on intermediaries, trust, dialogue and a delicate balance between conflicting objectives and different levels of involvement by externals. To succeed, initiatives must address “the problem of doing more.”
发展研究强调了扩展良好实践及其可复制性和可转移性对应对全球变暖的重要性。但是,当实践起源于非正式的城市环境时会发生什么呢?它们是否应该被复制、放大和正式化?我们探讨了在非正式环境中扩大减少灾害风险的机会和矛盾。四年来,我们记录了24项当地倡议和拉丁美洲领导人的工作。结果表明,这种影响取决于中介、信任、对话以及相互冲突的目标和外部人员不同程度参与之间的微妙平衡。要取得成功,倡议必须解决“做得更多的问题”。
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引用次数: 0
Landscapes as drivers of ecotourism development: a case study in Northern Laos 景观作为生态旅游发展的驱动力:老挝北部的案例研究
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2022.2029734
Marie-Anne Germaine, O. Ducourtieux, Jessica Orban Stone, Xavier Cournet
ABSTRACT Widely heralded as a driver of sustainable development, ecotourism is promoted using images of rural landscapes. But how important are the landscapes themselves in these tourism projects? Based on advertising by tour operators and trekking agencies on their websites and reviews by tourists posted on Tripadvisor®, we have identified the motivations on which landscape resources are based and analyzed the importance of forests and anthropogenic landscapes (formed by agricultural activity in particular) in attracting tourists. This study is based on an analysis of representations of forested landscapes in the Nam Ha National Protected Area, in the mountains of Northern Laos.
生态旅游被广泛认为是可持续发展的驱动力,利用乡村景观图像来促进生态旅游。但在这些旅游项目中,景观本身有多重要呢?根据旅游经营者和徒步旅行社在其网站上的广告以及游客在Tripadvisor®上发布的评论,我们确定了景观资源的动机,并分析了森林和人为景观(特别是由农业活动形成的)在吸引游客方面的重要性。本研究基于对老挝北部山区南河国家保护区森林景观代表的分析。
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引用次数: 0
Transforming a praetorian polity: the political economy of democratization in Pakistan 转变禁卫军政体:巴基斯坦民主化的政治经济
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.2012132
Danish Khan, A. Akhtar
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the hegemonic role of the military vis-à-vis elected civilian governments in Pakistan from the vantage point of institutional political economy. Absence of “good governance” on the part of elected civilian governments is often depicted as the key underlying factor that allows the military to maintain its dominance over state and society. In sharp contrast, we argue that the emphasis on “good” governance as a pathway to democratic consolidation ignores socio-economic and institutional factors which facilitate the successful reproduction of Pakistan’s militarized hegemonic order. The paper argues that the military hegemony is rooted in the prevailing political economic structure mediated by forces of imperialism. By drawing from Erik Olin Wright’s (2010. Envisioning Real Utopias) tripartite conceptual scheme of “symbiotic,” “interstitial,” and “ruptural” transformation strategies, we offer a new framework to analyze processes of democratic transformation in Pakistan. We contend that the consolidation of democracy and civilian supremacy mandates a shift away from a narrow focus on governance to transformative politics. The latter has to be centered around an alternative hegemonic conception counterposed to the established military-centric order that would incorporate aspirations of socio-spatially and economically deprived segments from the ethnic peripheries, as well as progressive and working-class constituencies within metropolitan Pakistan.
摘要本文从制度政治经济学的角度分析了巴基斯坦军方对-à-vis民选文官政府的霸权作用。民选文官政府缺乏“善治”,这通常被描述为允许军方维持其对国家和社会的统治地位的关键潜在因素。与此形成鲜明对比的是,我们认为,强调“良好”治理是巩固民主的途径,忽视了促进巴基斯坦军事化霸权秩序成功再生产的社会经济和制度因素。本文认为,军事霸权的根源在于帝国主义势力介导的现行政治经济结构。从Erik Olin Wright(2010)的作品中。设想真实的乌托邦)“共生”、“间隙”和“破裂”转型战略的三方概念方案,我们提供了一个新的框架来分析巴基斯坦的民主转型过程。我们认为,要巩固民主和文官至上,就必须从狭隘地注重治理转向注重变革的政治。后者必须以另一种霸权概念为中心,与既定的以军事为中心的秩序相对立,这种秩序将包括来自种族边缘的社会空间和经济上被剥夺的部分的愿望,以及巴基斯坦大都市内的进步和工人阶级选区。
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引用次数: 3
Vers un institutionnalisme féministe et anthropologique: expériences congolaises multi-scalaires des femmes, du développement et du droit 走向女权主义和人类学制度主义:刚果妇女、发展和法律的多尺度经验
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.2011164
Évelyne Jean-Bouchard
RÉSUMÉ La théorie néo-institutionnelle permet d’identifier les obstacles auxquels un État doit faire face pour structurer ses institutions. La variante féministe de cette approche vise plus précisément à mettre en lumière la situation des femmes dans les processus de changements institutionnels. À partir d’une étude ethnographique multi-située menée au Nord Kivu, à l’Est de la RDC, nous suggérons dans cet article que cet institutionnalisme féministe peut contribuer de manière importante au champ du droit et du développement. Cependant, l’institutionnalisme féministe devrait s’inspirer davantage de l’anthropologie sociale afin de mieux cerner les dynamiques institutionnelles multi-scalaires spécifiques au monde du développement.
新制度理论确定了一个国家在构建其制度时所面临的障碍。这种方法的女权主义变体更具体地旨在突出妇女在体制变革过程中的地位。基于在刚果民主共和国东部北基伍进行的多地点民族志研究,本文认为这种女权主义制度主义可以对法律和发展领域做出重要贡献。然而,女权主义制度主义应该更多地借鉴社会人类学,以便更好地理解发展世界特有的多尺度制度动态。
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引用次数: 1
A radical turn in International Law and Development? Corporations, capitalist states and imperial governance 《国际法与发展》的根本转变?公司、资本主义国家和帝国统治
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2022.2027232
Radha D’Souza
ABSTRACT This article describes how the liberal orthodoxy informing the field known as ‘Law and Development’ (L&D), as a field of knowledge, obscures contemporary imperial and neo-colonial governance practices. Through the metaphor of the disciplinary ‘picket fence’, and engagement with three nodes of tension from colonial governance reproduced today, it reveals L&D’s limited and partial production of knowledge on governance exercised by two key actors – transnational corporations and capitalist states. This article argues for a new, more explicitly critical, trajectory of research that foregrounds the corporation-nation governance nexus within a more radical International Law & Development (ILD) field of research.
本文描述了自由主义的正统观念如何将“法律与发展”(L&D)领域作为一个知识领域,掩盖了当代帝国主义和新殖民主义的治理实践。通过学科“尖桩篱笆”的隐喻,以及与今天复制的殖民治理的三个紧张节点的接触,它揭示了L&D对两个关键角色-跨国公司和资本主义国家-行使的治理知识的有限和部分生产。本文主张一种新的、更明确的批判性研究轨迹,将公司-国家治理关系置于更激进的国际法与发展(ILD)研究领域中。
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引用次数: 2
Encounters of law, governance and development and the question of form 法律、治理与发展的碰撞与形式问题
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2022.2029735
S. Airey, Mark Toufayan
ABSTRACT Laws and institutions are ubiquitous in and transformative of development in ways that do not frequently present as commonly understood ‘law’, or are not foregrounded as such in development interventions. This article highlights fresh thinking from critical scholars that disrupts prevailing approaches to law and legality in development, in legal and in international development studies scholarship alike. Through the concepts of the ‘form to law’ and ‘forming of law’ in development, and the metaphor of the kaleidoscope, it offers one approach to analysing encounters within and between laws and the governance of development as a critical and reflexive project of disciplinary hiatus.
法律和制度在发展中无处不在,并以通常不被理解为“法律”的方式出现,或者在发展干预中不被重视。本文重点介绍了批判性学者的新思想,这些思想颠覆了在发展、法律和国际发展研究领域对法律和合法性的普遍看法。通过发展中“法律的形式”和“法律的形成”的概念,以及万花筒的隐喻,它提供了一种方法来分析法律内部和之间的遭遇,以及作为学科中断的批判性和反思性项目的发展治理。
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引用次数: 1
Rationality, regularity and rule – juridical governance of/by Official Development Assistance 官方发展援助的合理性、规律性和法治性
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2022.2026306
S. Airey
ABSTRACT Powerful yet hidden juridical dimensions to Official Development Assistance (ODA) exist whose quality and relationship to law remain overlooked. Donors’ reliance on bureaucratic and technocratic governance instruments to govern ODA, institutionalises permanent co-governance within aid-recipient states in ways that remain invisible to recipient states’ ordinary laws and institutions (governance of ODA). Meanwhile, ODA-leveraged, donor-led legal and institutional reform, provides donors with opportunity for executive intervention in aid-recipient domestic affairs (governance by ODA). Approaching ODA as a juridical field through a meso-Tanzania-level analysis of donor governance, this article contributes new conceptual and empirical insights to the relationship between law, governance, and ODA.
官方发展援助(ODA)存在强大但隐藏的法律层面,其质量及其与法律的关系仍被忽视。援助国依赖官僚和技术官僚的治理手段来管理官方发展援助,使受援国内部的永久共同治理制度化,而受援国的普通法律和机构仍然看不到这种方式(官方发展援助治理)。与此同时,借助官方发展援助、由捐助者主导的法律和体制改革为捐助者提供了行政干预受援国国内事务(官方发展援助治理)的机会。本文通过对捐助国治理的中坦桑尼亚层面分析,将官方发展援助作为一个司法领域,为法律、治理和官方发展援助之间的关系提供了新的概念和实证见解。
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引用次数: 2
Civil society legitimacy as a balancing act: competing priorities for land rights advocacy organisations working with local communities in Kenya 作为一种平衡行为的公民社会合法性:与肯尼亚当地社区合作的土地权利倡导组织竞争优先事项
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.1987202
M. Matelski, Selma Zijlstra, L. van Kempen
ABSTRACT While INGOs are known for having to balance competing demands in their quest for legitimacy, this article discusses a similar balancing act for local organisations working directly with communities in the field. Building on the social constructivist view that legitimacy is actor and context dependent, we examine how various parties perceive the legitimacy of three land rights advocacy organisations in Kenya. While regulatory and cognitive legitimacy have societal relevance, we found them to be of secondary importance to local communities, who primarily value pragmatic and political legitimacy sources such as adequate representation, demonstrable output, responsiveness, and visibility in the field.
众所周知,国际非政府组织在寻求合法性的过程中必须平衡各种相互竞争的需求,本文讨论了在实地直接与社区合作的地方组织的类似平衡行为。基于合法性取决于行动者和背景的社会建构主义观点,我们研究了各方如何看待肯尼亚三个土地权利倡导组织的合法性。虽然监管和认知合法性具有社会相关性,但我们发现它们对当地社区来说是次要的,他们主要重视实用主义和政治合法性来源,如充分的代表性、可证明的产出、响应性和在该领域的可见性。
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引用次数: 1
Room for money or manoeuvre? How green financialization and de-risking shape Zambia’s renewable energy transition 资金空间还是操作空间?绿色金融化和去风险化如何塑造赞比亚的可再生能源转型
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.1973971
Carsten Elsner, Manuel Neumann, F. Müller, Simone Claar
ABSTRACT SDG-backed green finance efforts have become popular vehicles for private investors to participate in development collaborations. We critically examine two transnational renewable energy projects in Zambia, drawing on the financialization literature and, particularly, the concept of de-risking. We find that new public–private partnership coalitions impose a global market and financial logic on the Zambian energy sector and its customers. While this development may attract transnational investment into renewables, we argue that it also sidelines smaller Zambian businesses and financializes the daily life of Zambian citizens. This paper, thus, provides critical scholarly insights into the greening of contemporary development practices.
可持续发展目标支持的绿色金融努力已成为私人投资者参与发展合作的热门工具。我们仔细研究了赞比亚的两个跨国可再生能源项目,借鉴了金融化文献,特别是去风险的概念。我们发现,新的公私伙伴关系联盟对赞比亚能源部门及其客户施加了全球市场和金融逻辑。虽然这一发展可能会吸引跨国投资进入可再生能源领域,但我们认为,它也会使赞比亚小型企业边缘化,并使赞比亚公民的日常生活融资。因此,本文为当代发展实践的绿色化提供了重要的学术见解。
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引用次数: 9
Migration, crop diversification, and adverse incorporation: understanding the repertoire of contention in rural Tajikistan 移民、作物多样化和不利合并:了解塔吉克斯坦农村的所有争论
IF 2.5 3区 社会学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2020.1788519
I. Hofman
ABSTRACT Post-socialist Tajikistan has experienced ongoing agrarian reforms since the 1990s. In this paper, I firstly characterise recent agrarian political economic dynamics in the country and address domestic elites’ tenacious control over the rural economy, which signifies “control grabbing” (and with which the countryside retains feudal features). I then turn to Chinese farmland investments in Tajikistan’s southwestern region. Secondly, I analyse forms of contention and argue that these are shaped by: (a) legacies of the civil war and deepening authoritarianism; (b) migration; and (c) agricultural labour relations and rural marginalisation. Finally, I contend that Chinese investors benefit from, rather than drive, dispossession.
自20世纪90年代以来,后社会主义的塔吉克斯坦经历了持续的土地改革。在本文中,我首先描述了中国最近的农业政治经济动态,并论述了国内精英对农村经济的顽强控制,这意味着“控制掠夺”(农村保留了封建特征)。然后,我谈到了中国在塔吉克斯坦西南地区的农田投资。其次,我分析了争论的形式,并认为这些是由:(a)内战的遗产和深化的威权主义;(b)迁移;(c)农业劳动关系和农村边缘化。最后,我认为,中国投资者受益于(而非推动)强占。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement
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