Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.2019574
G. Lizarralde, L. Bornstein, Benjamin Herazo, Roberto Burdiles, C. Araneda, Holmes Páez Martínez, Julia Helena Diaz, Gabriel Fauveaud, Andrés Olivera, Gonzalo González, Oswaldo López, Adriana Lopez, T. Dhar
ABSTRACT Development studies highlight the importance of scaling good practices and their replicability and transferability to face global warming. But what happens when practices originate in informal urban contexts? Should they be replicated, amplified and formalized? We explore the opportunities and contradictions that emerge in scaling disaster risk reduction in informal settings. For four years, we documented 24 local initiatives and the work of leaders in Latin America. Results show that impact depends on intermediaries, trust, dialogue and a delicate balance between conflicting objectives and different levels of involvement by externals. To succeed, initiatives must address “the problem of doing more.”
{"title":"The problem of doing more: success and paradoxes in scaling up informal initiatives for disaster risk reduction and climate action","authors":"G. Lizarralde, L. Bornstein, Benjamin Herazo, Roberto Burdiles, C. Araneda, Holmes Páez Martínez, Julia Helena Diaz, Gabriel Fauveaud, Andrés Olivera, Gonzalo González, Oswaldo López, Adriana Lopez, T. Dhar","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2021.2019574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.2019574","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Development studies highlight the importance of scaling good practices and their replicability and transferability to face global warming. But what happens when practices originate in informal urban contexts? Should they be replicated, amplified and formalized? We explore the opportunities and contradictions that emerge in scaling disaster risk reduction in informal settings. For four years, we documented 24 local initiatives and the work of leaders in Latin America. Results show that impact depends on intermediaries, trust, dialogue and a delicate balance between conflicting objectives and different levels of involvement by externals. To succeed, initiatives must address “the problem of doing more.”","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"48 1","pages":"339 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76544952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2022.2029734
Marie-Anne Germaine, O. Ducourtieux, Jessica Orban Stone, Xavier Cournet
ABSTRACT Widely heralded as a driver of sustainable development, ecotourism is promoted using images of rural landscapes. But how important are the landscapes themselves in these tourism projects? Based on advertising by tour operators and trekking agencies on their websites and reviews by tourists posted on Tripadvisor®, we have identified the motivations on which landscape resources are based and analyzed the importance of forests and anthropogenic landscapes (formed by agricultural activity in particular) in attracting tourists. This study is based on an analysis of representations of forested landscapes in the Nam Ha National Protected Area, in the mountains of Northern Laos.
{"title":"Landscapes as drivers of ecotourism development: a case study in Northern Laos","authors":"Marie-Anne Germaine, O. Ducourtieux, Jessica Orban Stone, Xavier Cournet","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2022.2029734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2022.2029734","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Widely heralded as a driver of sustainable development, ecotourism is promoted using images of rural landscapes. But how important are the landscapes themselves in these tourism projects? Based on advertising by tour operators and trekking agencies on their websites and reviews by tourists posted on Tripadvisor®, we have identified the motivations on which landscape resources are based and analyzed the importance of forests and anthropogenic landscapes (formed by agricultural activity in particular) in attracting tourists. This study is based on an analysis of representations of forested landscapes in the Nam Ha National Protected Area, in the mountains of Northern Laos.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"20 1","pages":"370 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84879715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-12DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.2012132
Danish Khan, A. Akhtar
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the hegemonic role of the military vis-à-vis elected civilian governments in Pakistan from the vantage point of institutional political economy. Absence of “good governance” on the part of elected civilian governments is often depicted as the key underlying factor that allows the military to maintain its dominance over state and society. In sharp contrast, we argue that the emphasis on “good” governance as a pathway to democratic consolidation ignores socio-economic and institutional factors which facilitate the successful reproduction of Pakistan’s militarized hegemonic order. The paper argues that the military hegemony is rooted in the prevailing political economic structure mediated by forces of imperialism. By drawing from Erik Olin Wright’s (2010. Envisioning Real Utopias) tripartite conceptual scheme of “symbiotic,” “interstitial,” and “ruptural” transformation strategies, we offer a new framework to analyze processes of democratic transformation in Pakistan. We contend that the consolidation of democracy and civilian supremacy mandates a shift away from a narrow focus on governance to transformative politics. The latter has to be centered around an alternative hegemonic conception counterposed to the established military-centric order that would incorporate aspirations of socio-spatially and economically deprived segments from the ethnic peripheries, as well as progressive and working-class constituencies within metropolitan Pakistan.
{"title":"Transforming a praetorian polity: the political economy of democratization in Pakistan","authors":"Danish Khan, A. Akhtar","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2021.2012132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.2012132","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the hegemonic role of the military vis-à-vis elected civilian governments in Pakistan from the vantage point of institutional political economy. Absence of “good governance” on the part of elected civilian governments is often depicted as the key underlying factor that allows the military to maintain its dominance over state and society. In sharp contrast, we argue that the emphasis on “good” governance as a pathway to democratic consolidation ignores socio-economic and institutional factors which facilitate the successful reproduction of Pakistan’s militarized hegemonic order. The paper argues that the military hegemony is rooted in the prevailing political economic structure mediated by forces of imperialism. By drawing from Erik Olin Wright’s (2010. Envisioning Real Utopias) tripartite conceptual scheme of “symbiotic,” “interstitial,” and “ruptural” transformation strategies, we offer a new framework to analyze processes of democratic transformation in Pakistan. We contend that the consolidation of democracy and civilian supremacy mandates a shift away from a narrow focus on governance to transformative politics. The latter has to be centered around an alternative hegemonic conception counterposed to the established military-centric order that would incorporate aspirations of socio-spatially and economically deprived segments from the ethnic peripheries, as well as progressive and working-class constituencies within metropolitan Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"36 1","pages":"320 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77247427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.2011164
Évelyne Jean-Bouchard
RÉSUMÉ La théorie néo-institutionnelle permet d’identifier les obstacles auxquels un État doit faire face pour structurer ses institutions. La variante féministe de cette approche vise plus précisément à mettre en lumière la situation des femmes dans les processus de changements institutionnels. À partir d’une étude ethnographique multi-située menée au Nord Kivu, à l’Est de la RDC, nous suggérons dans cet article que cet institutionnalisme féministe peut contribuer de manière importante au champ du droit et du développement. Cependant, l’institutionnalisme féministe devrait s’inspirer davantage de l’anthropologie sociale afin de mieux cerner les dynamiques institutionnelles multi-scalaires spécifiques au monde du développement.
{"title":"Vers un institutionnalisme féministe et anthropologique: expériences congolaises multi-scalaires des femmes, du développement et du droit","authors":"Évelyne Jean-Bouchard","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2021.2011164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.2011164","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ La théorie néo-institutionnelle permet d’identifier les obstacles auxquels un État doit faire face pour structurer ses institutions. La variante féministe de cette approche vise plus précisément à mettre en lumière la situation des femmes dans les processus de changements institutionnels. À partir d’une étude ethnographique multi-située menée au Nord Kivu, à l’Est de la RDC, nous suggérons dans cet article que cet institutionnalisme féministe peut contribuer de manière importante au champ du droit et du développement. Cependant, l’institutionnalisme féministe devrait s’inspirer davantage de l’anthropologie sociale afin de mieux cerner les dynamiques institutionnelles multi-scalaires spécifiques au monde du développement.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"43 1","pages":"97 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81147670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2022.2027232
Radha D’Souza
ABSTRACT This article describes how the liberal orthodoxy informing the field known as ‘Law and Development’ (L&D), as a field of knowledge, obscures contemporary imperial and neo-colonial governance practices. Through the metaphor of the disciplinary ‘picket fence’, and engagement with three nodes of tension from colonial governance reproduced today, it reveals L&D’s limited and partial production of knowledge on governance exercised by two key actors – transnational corporations and capitalist states. This article argues for a new, more explicitly critical, trajectory of research that foregrounds the corporation-nation governance nexus within a more radical International Law & Development (ILD) field of research.
{"title":"A radical turn in International Law and Development? Corporations, capitalist states and imperial governance","authors":"Radha D’Souza","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2022.2027232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2022.2027232","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article describes how the liberal orthodoxy informing the field known as ‘Law and Development’ (L&D), as a field of knowledge, obscures contemporary imperial and neo-colonial governance practices. Through the metaphor of the disciplinary ‘picket fence’, and engagement with three nodes of tension from colonial governance reproduced today, it reveals L&D’s limited and partial production of knowledge on governance exercised by two key actors – transnational corporations and capitalist states. This article argues for a new, more explicitly critical, trajectory of research that foregrounds the corporation-nation governance nexus within a more radical International Law & Development (ILD) field of research.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"158 1","pages":"20 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82917906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2022.2029735
S. Airey, Mark Toufayan
ABSTRACT Laws and institutions are ubiquitous in and transformative of development in ways that do not frequently present as commonly understood ‘law’, or are not foregrounded as such in development interventions. This article highlights fresh thinking from critical scholars that disrupts prevailing approaches to law and legality in development, in legal and in international development studies scholarship alike. Through the concepts of the ‘form to law’ and ‘forming of law’ in development, and the metaphor of the kaleidoscope, it offers one approach to analysing encounters within and between laws and the governance of development as a critical and reflexive project of disciplinary hiatus.
{"title":"Encounters of law, governance and development and the question of form","authors":"S. Airey, Mark Toufayan","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2022.2029735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2022.2029735","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Laws and institutions are ubiquitous in and transformative of development in ways that do not frequently present as commonly understood ‘law’, or are not foregrounded as such in development interventions. This article highlights fresh thinking from critical scholars that disrupts prevailing approaches to law and legality in development, in legal and in international development studies scholarship alike. Through the concepts of the ‘form to law’ and ‘forming of law’ in development, and the metaphor of the kaleidoscope, it offers one approach to analysing encounters within and between laws and the governance of development as a critical and reflexive project of disciplinary hiatus.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"140 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88727932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2022.2026306
S. Airey
ABSTRACT Powerful yet hidden juridical dimensions to Official Development Assistance (ODA) exist whose quality and relationship to law remain overlooked. Donors’ reliance on bureaucratic and technocratic governance instruments to govern ODA, institutionalises permanent co-governance within aid-recipient states in ways that remain invisible to recipient states’ ordinary laws and institutions (governance of ODA). Meanwhile, ODA-leveraged, donor-led legal and institutional reform, provides donors with opportunity for executive intervention in aid-recipient domestic affairs (governance by ODA). Approaching ODA as a juridical field through a meso-Tanzania-level analysis of donor governance, this article contributes new conceptual and empirical insights to the relationship between law, governance, and ODA.
{"title":"Rationality, regularity and rule – juridical governance of/by Official Development Assistance","authors":"S. Airey","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2022.2026306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2022.2026306","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Powerful yet hidden juridical dimensions to Official Development Assistance (ODA) exist whose quality and relationship to law remain overlooked. Donors’ reliance on bureaucratic and technocratic governance instruments to govern ODA, institutionalises permanent co-governance within aid-recipient states in ways that remain invisible to recipient states’ ordinary laws and institutions (governance of ODA). Meanwhile, ODA-leveraged, donor-led legal and institutional reform, provides donors with opportunity for executive intervention in aid-recipient domestic affairs (governance by ODA). Approaching ODA as a juridical field through a meso-Tanzania-level analysis of donor governance, this article contributes new conceptual and empirical insights to the relationship between law, governance, and ODA.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"234 1","pages":"116 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80296172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.1987202
M. Matelski, Selma Zijlstra, L. van Kempen
ABSTRACT While INGOs are known for having to balance competing demands in their quest for legitimacy, this article discusses a similar balancing act for local organisations working directly with communities in the field. Building on the social constructivist view that legitimacy is actor and context dependent, we examine how various parties perceive the legitimacy of three land rights advocacy organisations in Kenya. While regulatory and cognitive legitimacy have societal relevance, we found them to be of secondary importance to local communities, who primarily value pragmatic and political legitimacy sources such as adequate representation, demonstrable output, responsiveness, and visibility in the field.
{"title":"Civil society legitimacy as a balancing act: competing priorities for land rights advocacy organisations working with local communities in Kenya","authors":"M. Matelski, Selma Zijlstra, L. van Kempen","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2021.1987202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.1987202","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While INGOs are known for having to balance competing demands in their quest for legitimacy, this article discusses a similar balancing act for local organisations working directly with communities in the field. Building on the social constructivist view that legitimacy is actor and context dependent, we examine how various parties perceive the legitimacy of three land rights advocacy organisations in Kenya. While regulatory and cognitive legitimacy have societal relevance, we found them to be of secondary importance to local communities, who primarily value pragmatic and political legitimacy sources such as adequate representation, demonstrable output, responsiveness, and visibility in the field.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"10 1","pages":"301 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79081347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2021.1973971
Carsten Elsner, Manuel Neumann, F. Müller, Simone Claar
ABSTRACT SDG-backed green finance efforts have become popular vehicles for private investors to participate in development collaborations. We critically examine two transnational renewable energy projects in Zambia, drawing on the financialization literature and, particularly, the concept of de-risking. We find that new public–private partnership coalitions impose a global market and financial logic on the Zambian energy sector and its customers. While this development may attract transnational investment into renewables, we argue that it also sidelines smaller Zambian businesses and financializes the daily life of Zambian citizens. This paper, thus, provides critical scholarly insights into the greening of contemporary development practices.
{"title":"Room for money or manoeuvre? How green financialization and de-risking shape Zambia’s renewable energy transition","authors":"Carsten Elsner, Manuel Neumann, F. Müller, Simone Claar","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2021.1973971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.1973971","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT SDG-backed green finance efforts have become popular vehicles for private investors to participate in development collaborations. We critically examine two transnational renewable energy projects in Zambia, drawing on the financialization literature and, particularly, the concept of de-risking. We find that new public–private partnership coalitions impose a global market and financial logic on the Zambian energy sector and its customers. While this development may attract transnational investment into renewables, we argue that it also sidelines smaller Zambian businesses and financializes the daily life of Zambian citizens. This paper, thus, provides critical scholarly insights into the greening of contemporary development practices.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"24 1","pages":"276 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83066810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02255189.2020.1788519
I. Hofman
ABSTRACT Post-socialist Tajikistan has experienced ongoing agrarian reforms since the 1990s. In this paper, I firstly characterise recent agrarian political economic dynamics in the country and address domestic elites’ tenacious control over the rural economy, which signifies “control grabbing” (and with which the countryside retains feudal features). I then turn to Chinese farmland investments in Tajikistan’s southwestern region. Secondly, I analyse forms of contention and argue that these are shaped by: (a) legacies of the civil war and deepening authoritarianism; (b) migration; and (c) agricultural labour relations and rural marginalisation. Finally, I contend that Chinese investors benefit from, rather than drive, dispossession.
{"title":"Migration, crop diversification, and adverse incorporation: understanding the repertoire of contention in rural Tajikistan","authors":"I. Hofman","doi":"10.1080/02255189.2020.1788519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2020.1788519","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Post-socialist Tajikistan has experienced ongoing agrarian reforms since the 1990s. In this paper, I firstly characterise recent agrarian political economic dynamics in the country and address domestic elites’ tenacious control over the rural economy, which signifies “control grabbing” (and with which the countryside retains feudal features). I then turn to Chinese farmland investments in Tajikistan’s southwestern region. Secondly, I analyse forms of contention and argue that these are shaped by: (a) legacies of the civil war and deepening authoritarianism; (b) migration; and (c) agricultural labour relations and rural marginalisation. Finally, I contend that Chinese investors benefit from, rather than drive, dispossession.","PeriodicalId":46832,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement","volume":"39 1","pages":"499 - 518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78734819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}