Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103435
Bastien Bouvier , Anne Dambricourt Malassé , Marcel Otte , Michael Levitzky , Israël Hershkovitz
{"title":"Erratum to: “A new analysis of the neurocranium and mandible of the Skhūl I child: Taxonomic conclusions and cultural implications” [L’Anthropologie 129 (2025) 103385]","authors":"Bastien Bouvier , Anne Dambricourt Malassé , Marcel Otte , Michael Levitzky , Israël Hershkovitz","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103435","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 5","pages":"Article 103435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103414
Fabio Negrino , Julien Riel-Salvatore , Stefano Benazzi , Claudine Gravel-Miguel , Jamie Hodgkins , Christopher Miller , Caley Orr , Marco Peresani , Geneviève Pothier-Bouchard , David Strait
This paper is a synthesis of some of the most recent results concerning the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic of Liguria. The outcomes from the excavations in the Late Mousterian (45–42 ky cal BP) and the Protoaurignacian (41.5–36 ky cal BP) levels at Riparo Bombrini (Ventimiglia, Imperia) and in the Mousterian (60–50 ky cal BP) and the Early Mesolithic (10 ky cal BP) levels at Arma Veirana (Erli, Savona) are presented.
本文综合了利古里亚旧石器时代和中石器时代的一些最新研究结果。本文介绍了在Riparo Bombrini （Ventimiglia, Imperia）的晚Mousterian （45-42 ky cal BP）和原aurignacian （41.5-36 ky cal BP）水平，以及在Arma Veirana （Erli, Savona）的Mousterian （60-50 ky cal BP）和早期中石器时代（10 ky cal BP）水平的挖掘结果。
{"title":"Nouvelles recherches et données sur les sites liguriens du Riparo Bombrini (Balzi Rossi, Imperia) et de l’Arma Veirana (Erli, Savona)","authors":"Fabio Negrino , Julien Riel-Salvatore , Stefano Benazzi , Claudine Gravel-Miguel , Jamie Hodgkins , Christopher Miller , Caley Orr , Marco Peresani , Geneviève Pothier-Bouchard , David Strait","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is a synthesis of some of the most recent results concerning the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic of Liguria. The outcomes from the excavations in the Late Mousterian (45–42 ky cal BP) and the Protoaurignacian (41.5–36 ky cal BP) levels at Riparo Bombrini (Ventimiglia, Imperia) and in the Mousterian (60–50 ky cal BP) and the Early Mesolithic (10 ky cal BP) levels at Arma Veirana (Erli, Savona) are presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 5","pages":"Article 103414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103415
Véronique Michel , Chuan-Chou Shen , Guanjun Shen , Mathieu Duval , Jon Woodhead , Yu-Min Chou , Hsun-Ming Hu , Chung-Che Wu , Yu-Chun Kan , Huihui Yang , Tsai-Luen Yu , Sylvain Gallet , Henry de Lumley
At Lazaret Cave, new MC-ICP-MS U-Th dating results constrain the formation of the uppermost stalagmitic floor E to between ∼120 ka and ∼8 ka, indicating that the underlying archaeological levels of stratigraphic Unit C are older than 120 ka. Additionally, two short magnetic excursions of reversed polarity identified within the carbonates may be correlated to Blake (∼120 ka) and post-Blake (∼100 ka) events. Importantly, these chronological constraints are supported by updated combined U-series/ESR ages of 17 deer teeth ranging from around 110 to 200 ka. Stratigraphic Unit C at Lazaret is therefore attributed to Marine Isotope Stage 6 (MIS 6). At Vallonnet Cave, U-Pb dating, supplemented with U-Th data, returns ages of 1.22 ± 0.09 and 1.19 ± 0.07 Ma for the lower stalagmitic floor (Complex I), while the upper stalagmitic floor (Complex IV) shows an age ranging from 1.13 ± 0.15 and 1.18 ± 0.09 Ma. These carbonate formations stratigraphically bracket the archaeological levels of Complex III, which are consequently constrained to around 1.2 Ma. These levels may be correlated to Marine Isotope Stages 36 and 35 (MIS 36–35) and coincide with the Cobb Mountain geomagnetic subchron according to paleomagnetic results. At both sites, the radiometric data are consistent with biostratigraphic inferences.
{"title":"Cadre chronologique des grottes du Lazaret et du Vallonnet, deux sites majeurs du Paléolithique dans le Sud-Est de la France","authors":"Véronique Michel , Chuan-Chou Shen , Guanjun Shen , Mathieu Duval , Jon Woodhead , Yu-Min Chou , Hsun-Ming Hu , Chung-Che Wu , Yu-Chun Kan , Huihui Yang , Tsai-Luen Yu , Sylvain Gallet , Henry de Lumley","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At Lazaret Cave, new MC-ICP-MS U-Th dating results constrain the formation of the uppermost stalagmitic floor E to between ∼120 ka and ∼8 ka, indicating that the underlying archaeological levels of stratigraphic Unit C are older than 120 ka. Additionally, two short magnetic excursions of reversed polarity identified within the carbonates may be correlated to Blake (∼120 ka) and post-Blake (∼100 ka) events. Importantly, these chronological constraints are supported by updated combined U-series/ESR ages of 17 deer teeth ranging from around 110 to 200 ka. Stratigraphic Unit C at Lazaret is therefore attributed to Marine Isotope Stage 6 (MIS 6). At Vallonnet Cave, U-Pb dating, supplemented with U-Th data, returns ages of 1.22<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.09 and 1.19<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.07 Ma for the lower stalagmitic floor (Complex I), while the upper stalagmitic floor (Complex IV) shows an age ranging from 1.13<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.15 and 1.18<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.09 Ma. These carbonate formations stratigraphically bracket the archaeological levels of Complex III, which are consequently constrained to around 1.2 Ma. These levels may be correlated to Marine Isotope Stages 36 and 35 (MIS 36–35) and coincide with the Cobb Mountain geomagnetic subchron according to paleomagnetic results. At both sites, the radiometric data are consistent with biostratigraphic inferences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 5","pages":"Article 103415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103412
Patricia Valensi , Khalid El Guennouni , Agnès Testu , Nicolas Boulbes , Véronique Michel , Gérard Onoratini , Eleni Psathi , Abdelkader Moussous , Sharada Channarayapatna Visweswara , Henry de Lumley
Alpes-Maritimes and Liguria represent a particularly rich region with several prehistoric sites, some of which have been known since the 19th century. A reassessment of the faunal assemblages from ten sites belonging to this region has allowed for the renewal of their faunal lists. The evolutionary stages of specific lineages of large mammals complement the biostratigraphic approach of the Late Middle Pleistocene and Upper Pleistocene. It shows regional specificities linked to the geographical position of the deposits, such as the persistence of archaic taxa in the Upper Pleistocene (Hyaena prisca and Cuon priscus). In addition, the last occurrences of Ursus spelaeus are relatively late since they are recorded in Epigravettian deposits. Palaeoloxodon antiquus is well-represented at MIS 4 and seems to last in Liguria until the beginning of MIS 3. Mammuthus primigenius appears late in the region (at MIS 4) and is later represented at MIS 2 mainly by manufactured objects (ornaments and mobile art). A paleoclimatic analysis is proposed based on various methods (climatograms and multivariate analyses). The amplitude of the perceived cooling has been found to be always moderate due to the location of the deposits (southern position, proximity to the sea and the mountain), and the faunal sequences seem to have never entirely renewed, thus allowing a certain maintenance/upkeeping of local biodiversity which led to the homogeneity of faunal assemblages.
{"title":"Biostratigraphie et paléoécologie des grands mammifères du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur en Ligurie (Italie) et dans les Alpes-Maritimes (France)","authors":"Patricia Valensi , Khalid El Guennouni , Agnès Testu , Nicolas Boulbes , Véronique Michel , Gérard Onoratini , Eleni Psathi , Abdelkader Moussous , Sharada Channarayapatna Visweswara , Henry de Lumley","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alpes-Maritimes and Liguria represent a particularly rich region with several prehistoric sites, some of which have been known since the 19th century. A reassessment of the faunal assemblages from ten sites belonging to this region has allowed for the renewal of their faunal lists. The evolutionary stages of specific lineages of large mammals complement the biostratigraphic approach of the Late Middle Pleistocene and Upper Pleistocene. It shows regional specificities linked to the geographical position of the deposits, such as the persistence of archaic taxa in the Upper Pleistocene (<em>Hyaena prisca</em> and <em>Cuon priscus</em>). In addition, the last occurrences of <em>Ursus spelaeus</em> are relatively late since they are recorded in Epigravettian deposits. <em>Palaeoloxodon antiquus</em> is well-represented at MIS 4 and seems to last in Liguria until the beginning of MIS 3. <em>Mammuthus primigenius</em> appears late in the region (at MIS 4) and is later represented at MIS 2 mainly by manufactured objects (ornaments and mobile art). A paleoclimatic analysis is proposed based on various methods (climatograms and multivariate analyses). The amplitude of the perceived cooling has been found to be always moderate due to the location of the deposits (southern position, proximity to the sea and the mountain), and the faunal sequences seem to have never entirely renewed, thus allowing a certain maintenance/upkeeping of local biodiversity which led to the homogeneity of faunal assemblages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 5","pages":"Article 103412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103410
Pierre-Élie Moullé
During the Pleistocene, the Alpine uplift, climatic variations, and sea-level variations marked the environments of the Maritime Alps. The Vallonnet Cave in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, one of the oldest prehistoric sites in Europe, and the site of the Tour de Grimaldi in Ventimiglia have provided the oldest evidence of these phenomena (1,2 Ma). In Sospel, the Albaréa Cave, located at an altitude of 860 meters and 9 kilometers as the crow flies from the Grimaldi Caves, served as a hunting stop in the Upper Paleolithic. In the archaeological context of the Grimaldi Caves, the garden of the Villa Maria Serena in Menton yields Epipaleolithic artifacts from a Pleistocene detrital accumulation with flint pebbles and fragments of flint pebbles.
{"title":"Entre mer et montagne, des environnements complexes et diversifiés durant le Pléistocène : grotte du Vallonnet, Tour de Grimaldi, grotte de l’Albaréa, site du jardin de la Villa Maria Serena à Menton","authors":"Pierre-Élie Moullé","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the Pleistocene, the Alpine uplift, climatic variations, and sea-level variations marked the environments of the Maritime Alps. The Vallonnet Cave in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, one of the oldest prehistoric sites in Europe, and the site of the Tour de Grimaldi in Ventimiglia have provided the oldest evidence of these phenomena (1,2 Ma). In Sospel, the Albaréa Cave, located at an altitude of 860<!--> <!-->meters and 9<!--> <!-->kilometers as the crow flies from the Grimaldi Caves, served as a hunting stop in the Upper Paleolithic. In the archaeological context of the Grimaldi Caves, the garden of the Villa Maria Serena in Menton yields Epipaleolithic artifacts from a Pleistocene detrital accumulation with flint pebbles and fragments of flint pebbles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 5","pages":"Article 103410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103411
François Djindjian , Lioudmila Iakovleva
The last glacial maximum is a critical period for the peopling of hunter-gatherers. Their adaptation will be expressed differently depending on the latitudes: an abandonment of territories in the northern areas as in the desert areas and refuges in the Mediterranean and tropical regions. This contribution focuses on identifying settlements at the last glacial maximum in their refuges around the Mediterranean, from west to east and from north to south, and studying adaptation processes to new territories and environments that do result in significant changes in material culture in several chronological phases: phase 0: Final Gravettian; phase 1: “Aurignacoid” Industries; phase 2: early Solutrean and early Epigravettian with axial points; phase 3: late Solutrean and early Epigravettian with shouldered points; phase 4: Badegoulian, Sagvarian, Rashkovian, Zamiatnine culture. Geographical isolates amplify a differentiation of material cultures in various parts of Europe. The Near East starts another system with the emergence of an Epipalaeolithic industry, the Kebarian, while the Mediterranean coast of North Africa is depopulated. With the end of the last glacial maximum, human groups gradually recolonized the territories of middle Europe with Magdalenian in Western and central Europe, late Epigravettian in the south-central Europe and the Mezinian in Eastern Europe. The Kebarian continued its evolution in the Levant and the Iberomaurusian colonized North Africa.
{"title":"Le peuplement paléolithique en Méditerranée pendant le dernier maximum glaciaire (22 000 - 17 000 BP)","authors":"François Djindjian , Lioudmila Iakovleva","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The last glacial maximum is a critical period for the peopling of hunter-gatherers. Their adaptation will be expressed differently depending on the latitudes: an abandonment of territories in the northern areas as in the desert areas and refuges in the Mediterranean and tropical regions. This contribution focuses on identifying settlements at the last glacial maximum in their refuges around the Mediterranean, from west to east and from north to south, and studying adaptation processes to new territories and environments that do result in significant changes in material culture in several chronological phases: <em>phase 0</em>: Final Gravettian; <em>phase 1</em>: “Aurignacoid” Industries; <em>phase 2</em>: early Solutrean and early Epigravettian with axial points; <em>phase 3</em>: late Solutrean and early Epigravettian with shouldered points; <em>phase 4</em>: Badegoulian, Sagvarian, Rashkovian, Zamiatnine culture. Geographical isolates amplify a differentiation of material cultures in various parts of Europe. The Near East starts another system with the emergence of an Epipalaeolithic industry, the Kebarian, while the Mediterranean coast of North Africa is depopulated. With the end of the last glacial maximum, human groups gradually recolonized the territories of middle Europe with Magdalenian in Western and central Europe, late Epigravettian in the south-central Europe and the Mezinian in Eastern Europe. The Kebarian continued its evolution in the Levant and the Iberomaurusian colonized North Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 5","pages":"Article 103411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103408
Salvador Bailon , Alaric Manzano , Christian Sánchez-Bandera , Hugues-Alexandre Blain
Amphibians and reptiles provide essential information in Quaternary climatic and environmental reconstructions. In this work, we propose a synthesis of the current knowledge about the paleoherpetofauna of seven major archaeological sites of the Mediterranean domain of Western Europe: Barranco León, Fuente Nueva, Grotte du Vallonnet, Caune de l’Arago, Terra Amata, Grotte du Lazaret and Baume Moula-Guercy. The application of different methods of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental reconstruction allows us to infer some climatic and landscape parameters in which the different European hominin populations developed. A great climatic and environmental variability is highlighted during the last 1.5 Ma, although never subjected to extreme conditions on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, and allows us to apprehend the great adaptive capacity of prehistoric populations in the face of adverse conditions.
两栖动物和爬行动物为第四纪气候和环境重建提供了重要信息。在这项工作中，我们提出了对西欧地中海地区七个主要考古遗址的古爬行动物的现有知识的综合：Barranco León， Fuente Nueva, Grotte du Vallonnet, Caune de l 'Arago, Terra Amata， Grotte du Lazaret和Baume mola - guercy。不同古气候和古环境重建方法的应用使我们能够推断出不同欧洲古人类种群发展的一些气候和景观参数。在过去的1.5 Ma期间，尽管从未在地中海沿岸受到极端条件的影响，但气候和环境的巨大变化是突出的，这使我们能够理解史前人口面对不利条件时的巨大适应能力。
{"title":"Herpétofaunes en contexte archéologique au cours des derniers 1,5 Ma dans le domaine méditerranéen ; biodiversité et données climatiques et environnementales dérivées de leur étude","authors":"Salvador Bailon , Alaric Manzano , Christian Sánchez-Bandera , Hugues-Alexandre Blain","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amphibians and reptiles provide essential information in Quaternary climatic and environmental reconstructions. In this work, we propose a synthesis of the current knowledge about the paleoherpetofauna of seven major archaeological sites of the Mediterranean domain of Western Europe: Barranco León, Fuente Nueva, Grotte du Vallonnet, Caune de l’Arago, Terra Amata, Grotte du Lazaret and Baume Moula-Guercy. The application of different methods of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental reconstruction allows us to infer some climatic and landscape parameters in which the different European hominin populations developed. A great climatic and environmental variability is highlighted during the last 1.5 Ma, although never subjected to extreme conditions on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, and allows us to apprehend the great adaptive capacity of prehistoric populations in the face of adverse conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 5","pages":"Article 103408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103407
Bienvenido Martínez-Navarro , Lorenzo Rook
Early humans dispersed from Africa into the Eurasian continent during the Olduvai paleomagnetic subchron (ca. 1.8 Ma), in parallel with other few African species. The most relevant one is the sabertooth tiger Megantereon whitei, which was an ambush super specialized hunter able to eat only the soft parts of the carcass preys, thus leaving almost unexploited carrions that were representing an important food source for the guild of scavengers, especially the giant hyaena Pachycrocuta brevirostris and Homo. At the same time, the renewal of Eurasian faunal assemblage is also characterized by the turnover of several taxa of carnivores and herbivores in Europe. Among ungulates one of the most significant taxa are Suidae. The species Sus strozzii occurs in European assemblages until the top of the subchron Olduvai (1.75 Ma), when the species disappears. During the following half million years (until the base of the subchron Jaramillo, around 1.2-1.1 Ma), pigs are not recorded in Europe, until they return with a new form of the same species Sus strozzii. Humans predate the advanced form of the Sus strozzii re-colonization in Europe, at Fuente Nueva 3 and Barranco León in Orce (1.4 Ma). Around 1.2-1.1 Ma, a new important faunal turnover is detected, related with the increasing climate change, and announcing the so called “Mid-Pleistocene Revolution”. Most of the late Early Pleistocene human records around the Mediterranean basin are associated with such new mammal assemblage, well represented at Vallonnet, Vallparadís, La Boella, or Sima del Elefante in Atapuerca.
早期人类在Olduvai古地磁亚时（约1.8 Ma）期间从非洲分散到欧亚大陆，与其他少数非洲物种平行。最相关的是剑齿虎Megantereon whitei，它是一种伏击式的超级专业猎人，只吃猎物尸体的柔软部分，从而留下几乎未被利用的腐肉，这些腐肉是食腐动物公会的重要食物来源，尤其是巨型鬣狗Pachycrocuta brevirostris和人属。与此同时，欧亚大陆动物组合的更新也表现为欧洲一些食肉动物和食草动物分类群的更替。在有蹄类动物中，最重要的类群之一是蛙科。Sus strozzii物种出现在欧洲组合中，直到亚历代Olduvai （1.75 Ma）的顶部，该物种才消失。在接下来的50万年里（直到Jaramillo亚纪年的底部，大约1.2-1.1 Ma），猪在欧洲没有记录，直到它们带着同一物种的新形式Sus strozzii返回。人类早于苏斯特罗齐人在欧洲重新殖民的高级形式，在Fuente Nueva 3和Barranco León在Orce （1.4 Ma）。在1.2-1.1 Ma前后，发现了一个新的重要的动物更替，与日益加剧的气候变化有关，并宣布了所谓的“中更新世革命”。地中海盆地周围的大多数早更新世晚期的人类记录都与这种新的哺乳动物组合有关，在Vallonnet、Vallparadís、La Boella或Atapuerca的Sima del Elefante有很好的代表。
{"title":"Early Pleistocene faunal assemblages and human records in southern Europe","authors":"Bienvenido Martínez-Navarro , Lorenzo Rook","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early humans dispersed from Africa into the Eurasian continent during the Olduvai paleomagnetic subchron (ca. 1.8 Ma), in parallel with other few African species. The most relevant one is the sabertooth tiger <em>Megantereon whitei,</em> which was an ambush super specialized hunter able to eat only the soft parts of the carcass preys, thus leaving almost unexploited carrions that were representing an important food source for the guild of scavengers, especially the giant hyaena <em>Pachycrocuta brevirostris</em> and <em>Homo</em>. At the same time, the renewal of Eurasian faunal assemblage is also characterized by the turnover of several taxa of carnivores and herbivores in Europe. Among ungulates one of the most significant taxa are Suidae. The species <em>Sus strozzii</em> occurs in European assemblages until the top of the subchron Olduvai (1.75 Ma), when the species disappears. During the following half million years (until the base of the subchron Jaramillo, around 1.2-1.1 Ma), pigs are not recorded in Europe, until they return with a new form of the same species <em>Sus strozzii</em>. Humans predate the advanced form of the <em>Sus strozzii</em> re-colonization in Europe, at Fuente Nueva 3 and Barranco León in Orce (1.4 Ma). Around 1.2-1.1 Ma, a new important faunal turnover is detected, related with the increasing climate change, and announcing the so called “Mid-Pleistocene Revolution”. Most of the late Early Pleistocene human records around the Mediterranean basin are associated with such new mammal assemblage, well represented at Vallonnet, Vallparadís, La Boella, or Sima del Elefante in Atapuerca.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":"129 5","pages":"Article 103407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103391
Abdul Adil Paray
This study aims to identify the chemical composition, estimate firing temperature, and to study provenance of the Neolithic pottery and distribution of settlement pattern in Kashmir Valley, India. The study investigates powdered Neolithic pottery (3000 to 1000 BCE) through the combined study of XRD, FT-IR and SEM-EDX, focusing on the firing condition, temperature, and mineralogical composition during its production. The study analyses to understand the strength and stability of Neolithic pottery samples from the four archaeological sites, situated in one each in North and Central Kashmir and two in the South of the Valley. It estimates a low (400 °C) and high firing temperatures (900 °C) in oxidizing and reducing conditions, and observed fast quenching and ill firing in one specimen. The analysis suggests that Neolithic potters in Kashmir Valley were experimenting and evolving in pottery making skills. It is also established that the provenance of pottery making in the Neolithic period was near the settlements. The distribution of the Neolithic pottery points towards the fact that the settlement pattern did not undergo any major changes and remained on the top of Karewa beds across the whole valley of Kashmir.
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Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103392
Anne Dambricourt Malassé , Alina Tudryn , Julien Gargani , Anne-Marie Moigne , Cécile Chapon Sao , Salah Abdessadok , Mukesh Singh , Dominique Cauche , Pierre Voinchet , Baldev Karir , Surinder Pal
Late Pliocene fossil deposits outcrop in the Siwalik Frontal Range along the North Western Himalayas. These formations are located in the Subathu sub-basin dispersed over 70 km in different fossiliferous sectors between the 30th and 31st parallels north: the Chandigarh anticlinorium, the Ghaggar-Moginand and Khetpurali sectors and then the Saketi-Kanthro and Haripur sections. Undisputable marks of butchery and lithic industries have been regularly collected between 2008 and 2019 in the fossiliferous Quranwala Zone (QZ) of the Masol Formation located in the Chandigarh anticlinorium. The production of lithic tools was definitively confirmed in 2017 by at least one chopper in situ. This biozone, 50 meters thick, perfectly circumscribed and geomorphologically isolated, yielded the First Appearance Datum (FAD) of Equus in Eurasia and its oldest co-existence with Hipparion. Our magnetostratigraphy dated the Quranwala Zone and hominin activities thanks to a short excursion measured at its lower limit and whose minimum age can be the one at 2.68 Ma and the oldest at 2.95 Ma (Huahine). We present a synthesis of the different fossiliferous localities with their sedimentation rates on a regional scale and which have constrained the age of the excursion to 2.95 Ma. This date allows us to reconstruct the environmental and climatic factors responsible for the appearance and disappearance of the Quranwala Zone by placing them on both regional and global scales. The FAD of Equus is explained by its dispersal from North America to Asia thanks to the formation of Beringia during the cold and dry interval MIS G 20 (3.043–3.025 Ma). The FAD of hominin activities since 2.95 Ma can be explained by a northward shift of the Summer Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during the final peak of a warming at the end of the Piacenzian at 2.97–2.96 Ma and allowing a dispersal in western Asia. We propose the most parsimonious and consistent paleoclimatic hypothesis of hominin dispersal from latitudes 30°–31° that covered the river systems along the ITCZ from Northern Africa to the Sub-Himalayan plain and which accounts the formation of the Quranwala Zone including Equus before the onset of glaciation at 2.75 Ma with a common passage through the Afghan depression of Seistan.
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