Anthropologie最新文献

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Organisation des longues cabanes de la région de la rivière Katoun (Monts de l’Altaï) au Néolithique 新石器时代卡顿河（阿尔泰山脉）地区的长小屋的组织

IF 0.6 4区地球科学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY

Anthropologie

Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2025.103362

Natalia Yu. Kungurova

This paper presents the results of the excavation of longhouses from the Neolithic site of Ust-Kuyum. It is located in the Katun river region of the Mountain Altai. Peоple, who lived on the site in the first half of the IV^th millennium BC practiced hunting and fishing. The data of the study of the material from the site are briefly published. The study of the specific details of these dwelling is unprecedented. The shanty represents the remains of complex long houses with lithic interior structures, fireplaces and exits overlooking the river. The organisation of the longhouses has no analogues in the sites of ancient hunters’ shanties in southern Siberia. The material provides information about the culture and traditions of the people from the Middle Katun river basin. It also shows the characteristics of their daily life. This people left the settlements and burials, rock paintings in the taiga-forest landscape of the Salair and Altai regions. Radiocarbon dating of the burials has been used to support the results of anthropological studies. The excavation carried out by the author was organised between 1990 and 1992. The excavation of the shanty sites on the Ob Plateau (the plain pre-Altai) and from the Mountain Altai, contemporary with those mentioned, provided information both for a study of the material culture and their comparison. This paper includes plans of the shanty and of constructions of interior stone layous. It is intended for use in reconstruction of Neolithic dwellings.

本文介绍了新石器时代乌斯特-库尤姆遗址长屋的发掘结果。它位于阿尔泰山的卡屯河地区。公元前四千年上半叶居住在该遗址的人们从事狩猎和捕鱼。从该网站的材料的研究数据简要公布。对这些住宅具体细节的研究是前所未有的。这个棚户区代表了复杂的长屋的遗迹，内部有石器结构，壁炉和俯瞰河流的出口。这种长屋的结构与西伯利亚南部古代猎人的棚屋没有相似之处。这些材料提供了有关中卡屯河流域人民的文化和传统的信息。它也展示了他们日常生活的特点。这些人在萨莱尔和阿尔泰地区的针叶林景观中留下了定居点、墓葬和岩画。放射性碳定年法已被用于支持人类学研究的结果。作者进行的挖掘工作是在1990年至1992年之间组织的。在鄂毕高原（前阿尔泰平原）和阿尔泰山脉发掘的棚屋遗址与上述遗址同时代，为物质文化的研究和它们的比较提供了信息。本文包括棚户区平面图和室内铺石结构平面图。它打算用于重建新石器时代的住宅。

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引用次数: 0

Premières preuves du début de Néolithique céramique dans le Caucase du Nord 北高加索地区陶瓷新石器时代开始的第一个证据

IF 0.6 4区地球科学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY

Anthropologie

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103302

Liubov V. Golovanova , Ekaterina V. Doronicheva , Alexey D. Rezepkin , Yulia V. Kostina , Vladimir B. Doronichev

The article reports preliminary results of research at the Neolithic site of Alebastroviy Zavod Rockshelter in the Elbrus region (North Caucasus), dated from c. 8.2 ka BP or 6.3 ka BC to 7.5–6.7 ka BP or 5.7–4.8 ka BC. Here we defined not only the earliest appearance of ceramic Neolithic in the North Caucasus, but also a change in the Neolithic culture over the time. The Neolithic layers of Alebastroviy Zavod Rockshelter in the Elbrus region show similarities in simultaneous Neolithic cultures both in the South Caucasus and in the north direction – in the south of the Russian Plain.

本文报道了北高加索厄尔布鲁士地区albasastroviy Zavod Rockshelter新石器时代遗址的初步研究结果，该遗址的年代为约8.2 ka BP（公元前6.3 ka）至7.5 ~ 6.7 ka BP（公元前5.7 ~ 4.8 ka）。在这里，我们不仅定义了北高加索地区最早出现的陶瓷新石器时代，而且还定义了新石器文化随时间的变化。厄尔布鲁士地区albasastroviy Zavod岩洞的新石器时代地层显示出南高加索地区和俄罗斯平原南部北部新石器时代文化的相似之处。

引用次数: 0

Geospatial context of the Ukshi geoglyph in the Konkan zone of Maharashtra, western India 印度西部马哈拉施特拉邦康坎地区Ukshi地貌的地理空间背景

IF 0.6 4区地球科学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY

Anthropologie

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103349

Prabhin Sukumaran , Tejas Garge , Mrudula M. Mane , Parth R. Chauhan

The Konkan region, in western India, has a rich history of human habitation, evidenced by archaeological and historical records such as stone tools, rock-cut caves, ports and forts, the latter representing colonies of foreign powers. While evidence of human presence during the prehistoric period is limited in the region, the recent discovery of geoglyphs has generated research interest among the scholarly community and the public. The present study uses geospatial analysis and field observations to infer that the Ukshi geoglyph perfectly depicts the magnetic North polarity, suggesting that its makers knew of cardinal directions and possibly even magnetic polarity.

位于印度西部的康坎地区有着丰富的人类居住历史，考古和历史记录证明了这一点，如石器、岩石雕刻的洞穴、港口和堡垒，后者代表了外国列强的殖民地。虽然史前时期人类存在的证据在该地区有限，但最近发现的地理符号引起了学术界和公众的研究兴趣。目前的研究使用地理空间分析和实地观察来推断，Ukshi地形图完美地描绘了磁极，这表明它的制造者知道基本方向，甚至可能知道磁极。

引用次数: 0

Liángzhū Tourism-Archaeological Park: Evidence of Neolithic Water Management in the Taihu Lake Basin, China Liángzhū旅游考古公园：中国太湖流域新石器时代水资源管理的证据

IF 0.6 4区地球科学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY

Anthropologie

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103348

Tongtong Zheng , Wenbin Wei

Liangzhu Ancient City, located in the Taihu Lake Basin of China, is a Neolithic site. In 2019, it was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List and developed into a tourist park for public visitation. It provides new evidence for understanding water management in the Neolithic Taihu Lake Basin of China. Water management was the primary consideration during the planning of Liangzhu Ancient City, a stark contrast to urban construction practices post the Xia Dynasty. Resolving the conflict between land and water formed the foundation for the sustainable development of Liangzhu civilization, evident in the management of rivers and marshes during the construction of city walls, settlements, moats, and farmland. The embankment complexes in the outskirts represent the largest-scale water conservancy projects of the Neolithic era discovered in China to date.

良渚古城位于中国的太湖流域，是一个新石器时代的遗址。2019年，它被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，并发展成为一个公众参观的旅游公园。这为认识新石器时代中国太湖流域的水资源管理提供了新的依据。在良渚古城的规划中，水管理是首要考虑的因素，这与夏朝之后的城市建设实践形成了鲜明对比。解决土地和水的冲突是良渚文明可持续发展的基础，这一点在修建城墙、聚落、护城河和农田时对河流和沼泽的管理中体现得很明显。城郊的堤防建筑群是迄今为止在中国发现的新石器时代规模最大的水利工程。

引用次数: 0

Roches gravées et dalles façonnées dans la partie Occidentale du Massif des Maures 毛瑞斯山脉西部的雕刻岩石和雕刻板

IF 0.6 4区地球科学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY

Anthropologie

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103344

Philippe Hameau

Surveys in the western part of the Maures massif have revealed the existence of some fifty sites with transformed lithic elements, i.e., shaped and/or engraved rocks, grand and little slabs. The substrate is schistose, and the supports used seem to be largely extracted from rocky ridges known locally as balanco. These sites were selected in function of parameters very similar to those known for schematic painting shelters from the second half of the Neolithic. However, apart from the specific context of the Gotteaubry dolmen in the same area, no material has been found to date these schist transformations precisely. In view of the traces of debitage and shaping observed on the grand and little slabs, we envisaged an experiment to approach the chain of operations. Finally, we put forward some hypotheses on the hermeneutics of the resulting forms.

在Maures地块西部的调查显示，大约有50个遗址存在着转化的岩石元素，即形状和/或雕刻的岩石，大小板。基材是片岩，所用的支撑物似乎主要是从当地称为balanco的岩石脊中提取的。这些地点的选择参数与新石器时代下半叶的示意图画庇护所非常相似。然而，除了同一地区Gotteaubry墓室的特定环境外，没有发现任何材料可以精确地确定这些片岩转变的年代。考虑到在大小石板上观察到的剥落痕迹和形状，我们设想了一个实验来接近操作链。最后，我们对结果形式的解释学提出了一些假设。

引用次数: 0

Unveiling Shahdad: Exploring ancient copper reserves and metallurgical practices on Iran's Southeast Plateau 揭开沙赫达德的面纱：探索伊朗东南高原的古代铜储量和冶金实践

IF 0.6 4区地球科学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY

Anthropologie

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103343

Soraya Elikay Dehno , Amin Allah Kamali , Seyed Iraj Beheshti , Mehran Ebrahimi , Ali Aarab

The ancient site of Shahdad, situated in the southeast plateau of Iran, has been regarded as one of the ancient metalworking centers during the 3rd millennium BCE. Given the extensive production of copper slag in Shahdad dishes, a more nuanced discussion of the copper reserves utilized in Shahdad dishes is imperative. Moreover, Shahdad is located in the Lut Block and holds considerable potential for copper reserves. However, to date, studies examining the mining location of copper reserves at this site are lacking. Two primary reserves proximal to the Shahdad site are located in the northern-eastern (basaltic volcanic) and southern-western (magmatic-porphyritic) vicinity. Considering the diverse geological nature of the copper reserves in the proximity of Shahdad, mineralogical and chemical analyses have been used to trace the link between metallic slag and its respective copper reserves. Ultimately, despite the closer proximity of the basaltic northern-eastern copper reserves to Shahdad, the utilization of these reserves favored magmatic-porphyritic reserves in the southern-western region. However, it appears that in earlier settlements such as Tepe Dehno, dating back to the 4th millennium BCE, the probability of utilizing northern-eastern basaltic copper reserves was greater, possibly due to their greater accessibility. However, despite Shahdad's substantial potential for ancient metallurgy, the definitive source of the copper reserves utilized within this site is unclear. Moreover, it is necessary to extensively address this fundamental question in detail.

位于伊朗东南高原的沙赫达德古遗址被认为是公元前三千年的古代金属加工中心之一。鉴于Shahdad菜中铜渣的广泛生产，对Shahdad菜中利用的铜储量进行更细致入微的讨论是必要的。此外，Shahdad位于Lut区块，具有相当大的铜储量潜力。然而，迄今为止，对该地点铜储量开采位置的研究还很缺乏。靠近Shahdad遗址的两个主要储量位于东北（玄武岩-火山）和西南（岩浆-斑岩）附近。考虑到沙赫达德附近铜储量的地质性质不同，已使用矿物学和化学分析来查明金属渣与其各自的铜储量之间的联系。最终，尽管东北玄武岩铜矿储量更接近Shahdad，但这些储量的利用有利于西南地区的岩浆-斑岩储量。然而，在更早的定居点，如Tepe Dehno，可以追溯到公元前4千年，利用东北玄武岩铜储量的可能性更大，可能是因为它们更容易进入。然而，尽管沙赫达德在古代冶金方面具有巨大的潜力，但该遗址内使用的铜储量的确切来源尚不清楚。此外，有必要广泛详细地处理这一基本问题。

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引用次数: 0

L’identification des aménagements funéraires du Fadnoun dans le Sahara central en Algérie par l’utilisation de l’apprentissage profond et les outils de la géomatique 通过深度学习和测绘工具识别阿尔及利亚撒哈拉沙漠中部法德农的葬礼安排

IF 0.6 4区地球科学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY

Anthropologie

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103333

Saida Meftah, Nadhira Attalah

The research on funerary arrangements in the Fadnoun region, located in the heart of the Central Sahara, aims to explore and document prehistorical burial sites that are often inaccessible due to the extreme conditions of the desert. By utilizing modern technologies such as satellite imagery and remote sensing, this initiative seeks to shed light on ancient funerary structures and deepen our understanding of burial practices in this region. This study aims to enhance knowledge about the funerary arrangements of the Tassili of Fadnoun by employing convolutional neural networks to detect archaeological mounds shaped like keyholes. The objectives include locating and analyzing ancient funerary structures through high-resolution satellite images, developing a neural network model to recognize and classify these mounds, and contributing to the good documentation of cultural heritage by providing accurate data on burial sites. Preliminary results show that the use of convolutional neural networks has enabled the identification of new archaeological mounds in the Fadnoun region, revealing unprecedented funerary practices. The integration of remote sensing with traditional methods has proven effective in locating hard-to-access sites, thereby enhancing the good documentation of cultural heritage. This research aims to improve our understanding of the civilizations of the central Sahara and better document cultural heritage by using convolutional neural networks to detect archaeological mounds. The results demonstrate increased efficiency in identifying these sites through the analysis of high-resolution satellite images.

对位于中撒哈拉沙漠中心的fad名词地区的丧葬安排的研究，旨在探索和记录由于沙漠的极端条件而经常无法进入的史前埋葬地点。通过利用卫星图像和遥感等现代技术，该倡议旨在揭示古代丧葬结构，加深我们对该地区丧葬习俗的了解。本研究旨在通过使用卷积神经网络检测锁眼形状的考古土丘，提高对法德农塔西利人丧葬安排的认识。目标包括通过高分辨率卫星图像定位和分析古代丧葬结构，开发神经网络模型来识别和分类这些土丘，并通过提供有关埋葬地点的准确数据，为良好的文化遗产记录做出贡献。初步结果表明，使用卷积神经网络可以识别法农地区的新考古土墩，揭示前所未有的丧葬习俗。事实证明，遥感与传统方法相结合在确定难以进入的地点方面是有效的，从而加强了对文化遗产的良好记录。这项研究旨在提高我们对撒哈拉沙漠中部文明的理解，并通过使用卷积神经网络来检测考古土墩，更好地记录文化遗产。结果表明，通过分析高分辨率卫星图像，可以提高识别这些地点的效率。

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引用次数: 0

New evidence of ancient Kedah iron smelting sites at Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex (SBAC), Bujang Valley, Kedah, Malaysia 马来西亚吉打州布江谷Sungai Batu考古建筑群（SBAC）古吉打铁冶炼遗址的新证据

IF 0.6 4区地球科学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY

Anthropologie

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103342

Mohd Hasfarisham Abd Halim , Naizatul Akma Mohd Mokhtar , Shyeh Sahibul Karamah Masnan , Mokhtar Saidin

Archaeological studies at the Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex (SBAC) have recorded the iron smelting industry of the ancient Kedah (Kedah Tua) kingdom since 2009. The iron smelting workshops were identified based on the findings of iron ores, iron slags, tuyeres, and furnaces. Chronometric dating of charcoal samples at iron smelting sites shows the beginning of iron smelting, at least started in the 6th c. BC. The notes of al-Kindi and I-Tsing, along with the poems of Pattinapalai, further reinforce this result by demonstrating the ancient Kedah's involvement in iron trade activities prior to the 1st c. AD. As such, the dating represents the oldest evidence of the iron smelting industry in Southeast Asia till 2024, allowing a re-evaluation of the data on the iron smelting industry to be carried out.

Sungai Batu考古建筑群（SBAC）的考古研究记录了自2009年以来古代吉打（keah Tua）王国的铁冶炼工业。根据铁矿、铁渣、风口和熔炉的发现，确定了冶炼车间。对炼铁遗址木炭样品的年代测定表明，炼铁的开始至少始于公元前6世纪。al-Kindi和I-Tsing的笔记，以及Pattinapalai的诗歌，进一步强化了这一结果，证明古代吉打州在公元1世纪之前就参与了铁贸易活动。因此，该测年代表了东南亚炼铁工业到2024年为止最古老的证据，从而可以对炼铁工业的数据进行重新评估。

引用次数: 0

L’iconographie anthropomorphe dans l’art rupestre et pariétal d’Eurasie à l’Holocène : un panorama ordonné 从欧亚大陆到全新世的岩画和岩画中的拟人肖像：有序的全景

IF 0.6 4区地球科学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY

Anthropologie

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103345

Jules Masson Mourey

Postglacial rock and cave art of the Eurasian supercontinent generally places significant emphasis on anthropomorphs, that is, the representation of the human body in various states. This article is designed as a brief overview of these specific images, for which a four-part thematic typology is proposed here.

欧亚超大陆的后冰期岩石和洞穴艺术通常非常强调拟人，即在各种状态下对人体的表现。本文旨在简要概述这些具体的图像，并在此提出四部分主题类型。

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Le Paléolithique Supérieur (« PS ») ou le crépuscule de l’humanité. Vue Synthétique 上旧石器时代或人类的黄昏。综合观点

IF 0.6 4区地球科学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY

Anthropologie

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anthro.2024.103283

Marcel Otte

Human evolution is broken in two: that before and that after the appearance of the images. From this event, the influence of thought on the world was total. Once started, this process was global and endless until today where it is still active. From images, these processes were transposed to weapons and conquests. The animal is then reduced to a useful material, to an illusion, to a reference, contrasting with lifestyles several hundred thousand years old where nature was respected and considered as a partner. By imposing itself on Europe, modern man has gradually destroyed all relationships with nature, his own included.

人类的进化分为两个阶段：图像出现之前和之后。从这一事件开始，思想对世界产生了全面的影响。一旦开始，这个过程就是全球性的，无休止的，直到今天仍然活跃。从图像开始，这些过程被移植到武器和征服上。动物被简化为有用的材料、幻象和参照物，与几十万年前尊重自然并将其视为伙伴的生活方式形成鲜明对比。现代人将自己强加给欧洲，逐渐破坏了与自然的所有关系，包括与自己的关系。

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