Pub Date : 2021-07-04DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2021.1931624
M. Dickson, J. Webster
Abstract Approximately one-third of DUI offenders in the United States are repeat offenders. The criminal justice system has used both deterrence-based and rehabilitation approaches to prevent DUI recidivism. However, existing studies have not examined deterrence and rehabilitation as they relate to DUI recidivism in a single model. The goal of this study is to simultaneously examine the effects of an established deterrence-related measure (conviction celerity) and a rehabilitation outcome (intervention compliance) on DUI recidivism, specifically whether intervention compliance mediates the relationship between conviction celerity and DUI recidivism. Utilizing a statewide sample of DUI offenders (N = 6,936), a mediation model was tested to examine intervention compliance as a potential mediator between conviction celerity and recidivism, controlling for known correlates of DUI recidivism. The mediation model was unsupported, but compliance was significantly related to DUI recidivism. Several covariates were also related to compliance and recidivism. Findings suggest that compliance and other factors may increase the risk of DUI recidivism among certain populations. Results demonstrate the need for the criminal justice system and behavioral health providers to thoroughly assess DUI offenders to identify those at higher risk of recidivism, while emphasizing offenders’ treatment needs, treatment accessibility, and treatment retention in order to decrease DUI recidivism.
{"title":"Conviction celerity and intervention compliance as predictors of DUI recidivism: a mediation model of deterrence among Kentucky DUI offenders","authors":"M. Dickson, J. Webster","doi":"10.1080/10509674.2021.1931624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2021.1931624","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Approximately one-third of DUI offenders in the United States are repeat offenders. The criminal justice system has used both deterrence-based and rehabilitation approaches to prevent DUI recidivism. However, existing studies have not examined deterrence and rehabilitation as they relate to DUI recidivism in a single model. The goal of this study is to simultaneously examine the effects of an established deterrence-related measure (conviction celerity) and a rehabilitation outcome (intervention compliance) on DUI recidivism, specifically whether intervention compliance mediates the relationship between conviction celerity and DUI recidivism. Utilizing a statewide sample of DUI offenders (N = 6,936), a mediation model was tested to examine intervention compliance as a potential mediator between conviction celerity and recidivism, controlling for known correlates of DUI recidivism. The mediation model was unsupported, but compliance was significantly related to DUI recidivism. Several covariates were also related to compliance and recidivism. Findings suggest that compliance and other factors may increase the risk of DUI recidivism among certain populations. Results demonstrate the need for the criminal justice system and behavioral health providers to thoroughly assess DUI offenders to identify those at higher risk of recidivism, while emphasizing offenders’ treatment needs, treatment accessibility, and treatment retention in order to decrease DUI recidivism.","PeriodicalId":46878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Offender Rehabilitation","volume":"60 1","pages":"311 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10509674.2021.1931624","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48612963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-04DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2021.1931623
Lin Liu, R. Bachman
Abstract Compared to a vast body of research examining the crime-inhibitory roles of structural forces such as stable employment, family support and neighborhood environment, relatively fewer research efforts have been devoted to explore the role of human agency in the process of desistance. This study quantitatively tests the propositions of identity theory of desistance, a relatively new theory on crime desistance that focuses on the role of offender self-identity. Using longitudinal data from a 20 years’ follow-up study of serious adult offenders, we examine whether a pro-social identity has a direct crime-inhibitory effect. Meanwhile, we test the heterogenous effects of employment and reentry programs that are conditioned on offender self-identity. Findings provide empirical support for the propositions of ITD. Respondents who experienced sanctions in the past were able to start a desistance process by constructing a pro-social identity. Their pro-social identities not only directly inhibited recidivism but also moderated the effect of employment and reentry programs. The findings enrich our understanding of offenders’ identity transformation and desistance.
{"title":"Self-identity and persistent offending: a quantitative test of identity theory of desistance","authors":"Lin Liu, R. Bachman","doi":"10.1080/10509674.2021.1931623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2021.1931623","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Compared to a vast body of research examining the crime-inhibitory roles of structural forces such as stable employment, family support and neighborhood environment, relatively fewer research efforts have been devoted to explore the role of human agency in the process of desistance. This study quantitatively tests the propositions of identity theory of desistance, a relatively new theory on crime desistance that focuses on the role of offender self-identity. Using longitudinal data from a 20 years’ follow-up study of serious adult offenders, we examine whether a pro-social identity has a direct crime-inhibitory effect. Meanwhile, we test the heterogenous effects of employment and reentry programs that are conditioned on offender self-identity. Findings provide empirical support for the propositions of ITD. Respondents who experienced sanctions in the past were able to start a desistance process by constructing a pro-social identity. Their pro-social identities not only directly inhibited recidivism but also moderated the effect of employment and reentry programs. The findings enrich our understanding of offenders’ identity transformation and desistance.","PeriodicalId":46878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Offender Rehabilitation","volume":"60 1","pages":"341 - 357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10509674.2021.1931623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44824229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-04DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2021.1931626
Gennifer Furst, Kimberly A. Houser
Abstract Travis Hirschi theorized that those with weaker ties to conventional society will be more likely to engage in crime. Incarcerated people are among society’s most marginalized. Our paper argues that dog training programs provide incarcerated people with the opportunity to establish secure attachments and to strengthen weakened bonds and prosocial networks. Using secondary analysis of qualitative data, we find support for the presence of the four components of Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory among program participants. Our paper is the first to apply a theory to explain the effectiveness of DTPs. Finally, we consider the impact that strengthened social bonds can have on criminal desistance.
{"title":"Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory: how human-animal interactions explain the effectiveness of carceral dog training programs","authors":"Gennifer Furst, Kimberly A. Houser","doi":"10.1080/10509674.2021.1931626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2021.1931626","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Travis Hirschi theorized that those with weaker ties to conventional society will be more likely to engage in crime. Incarcerated people are among society’s most marginalized. Our paper argues that dog training programs provide incarcerated people with the opportunity to establish secure attachments and to strengthen weakened bonds and prosocial networks. Using secondary analysis of qualitative data, we find support for the presence of the four components of Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory among program participants. Our paper is the first to apply a theory to explain the effectiveness of DTPs. Finally, we consider the impact that strengthened social bonds can have on criminal desistance.","PeriodicalId":46878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Offender Rehabilitation","volume":"60 1","pages":"291 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10509674.2021.1931626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43286161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2021.1909198
Tanner Kilpatrick, Elizabeth I. Johnson, Stephanie A. Bohon, A. Bolland, J. Bolland
Abstract This study extends research linking criminal justice contact to mental health by examining the mediating role of perceived racial discrimination among African American women. We hypothesize that criminal justice contact will increase perceptions of racial discrimination, which in turn, will increase the risk of depressive symptoms. Using survey data from 688 African American women living in communities characterized by high poverty, a path analysis was used to test our hypotheses. We find that perceived racial discrimination mediates the relationship between various forms of criminal justice contact and depressive symptoms in women. This evidence underscores the need for additional research on the nature and frequency of discrimination experiences in studies of criminal justice contact and mental health. Results are discussed in terms of implications for criminal justice policies and practice.
{"title":"Racial discrimination as a mediator between criminal justice contact and depressive symptoms among African American women: analysis of the MYPS survey","authors":"Tanner Kilpatrick, Elizabeth I. Johnson, Stephanie A. Bohon, A. Bolland, J. Bolland","doi":"10.1080/10509674.2021.1909198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2021.1909198","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study extends research linking criminal justice contact to mental health by examining the mediating role of perceived racial discrimination among African American women. We hypothesize that criminal justice contact will increase perceptions of racial discrimination, which in turn, will increase the risk of depressive symptoms. Using survey data from 688 African American women living in communities characterized by high poverty, a path analysis was used to test our hypotheses. We find that perceived racial discrimination mediates the relationship between various forms of criminal justice contact and depressive symptoms in women. This evidence underscores the need for additional research on the nature and frequency of discrimination experiences in studies of criminal justice contact and mental health. Results are discussed in terms of implications for criminal justice policies and practice.","PeriodicalId":46878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Offender Rehabilitation","volume":"60 1","pages":"215 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10509674.2021.1909198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43284349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2021.1909197
Xinwei Fang, Denise Liu, Joses Kuan, Justin S. Lee
Abstract While studies show that quality communication during incarceration can contribute to better family relationships, the security and correctional requirements of prisons place heavy constraints on the form and frequency of contact. We interviewed families who have an incarcerated father in the Singapore Prison system to understand how they negotiate the various forms of constrained contact and the meaning they attached to such encounters. We found that families tend to use visitations as opportunities for play or bonding instead of serious talk for working through conflict or interpersonal issues, which require more frequent and extensive dialogue. Letter writing afforded an opportunity for the latter, but the screening of content hindered the sharing of intimate details and exploration of personal issues. Additionally, as mothers inherited an unexpected expansion of their roles—as primary caregiver, advocate for the incarcerated spouse, and sole breadwinner—they tended to become the de facto gatekeeper, not just of access and communication to the father, but also as a powerful arbiter of his moral standing. The study points to the significance of more family-centric communication policies in correctional settings.
{"title":"Communication gatekeepers and moral arbiters: mothers’ roles when fathers are incarcerated","authors":"Xinwei Fang, Denise Liu, Joses Kuan, Justin S. Lee","doi":"10.1080/10509674.2021.1909197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2021.1909197","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While studies show that quality communication during incarceration can contribute to better family relationships, the security and correctional requirements of prisons place heavy constraints on the form and frequency of contact. We interviewed families who have an incarcerated father in the Singapore Prison system to understand how they negotiate the various forms of constrained contact and the meaning they attached to such encounters. We found that families tend to use visitations as opportunities for play or bonding instead of serious talk for working through conflict or interpersonal issues, which require more frequent and extensive dialogue. Letter writing afforded an opportunity for the latter, but the screening of content hindered the sharing of intimate details and exploration of personal issues. Additionally, as mothers inherited an unexpected expansion of their roles—as primary caregiver, advocate for the incarcerated spouse, and sole breadwinner—they tended to become the de facto gatekeeper, not just of access and communication to the father, but also as a powerful arbiter of his moral standing. The study points to the significance of more family-centric communication policies in correctional settings.","PeriodicalId":46878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Offender Rehabilitation","volume":"60 1","pages":"232 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10509674.2021.1909197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41939674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2021.1909200
C. A. Curtis, D. Evans, Emily K. Pelletier
Abstract This study examines the connection between participation in higher education programs in prison and the development of social capital. Interviews were conducted with eighteen formerly incarcerated participants enrolled in higher education programs while incarcerated. Findings suggest that participants developed self-efficacy, hard and soft skills, and connections to positive social networks through taking part in a postsecondary correctional education program. Participants noted an expansion of their self-awareness and improved communication skills that facilitated their mostly successful pursuits of employment opportunities after being released. The findings of this study also suggest that the outcomes of higher education programs in prisons extend beyond classroom learning and academic achievement in a way that provides students with knowledge, useful skills, prosocial networks, and access to employment prospects upon reentry into the community. More specifically, this study details how postsecondary correctional education programs provide a foundation for building social capital and preparing incarcerated individuals to become employable, law-abiding citizens. That this information came from formerly incarcerated individuals who are now thriving postrelease warrants further research that would support the expansion of educational programming for prisoners.
{"title":"Developing social capital through postsecondary correctional education","authors":"C. A. Curtis, D. Evans, Emily K. Pelletier","doi":"10.1080/10509674.2021.1909200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2021.1909200","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examines the connection between participation in higher education programs in prison and the development of social capital. Interviews were conducted with eighteen formerly incarcerated participants enrolled in higher education programs while incarcerated. Findings suggest that participants developed self-efficacy, hard and soft skills, and connections to positive social networks through taking part in a postsecondary correctional education program. Participants noted an expansion of their self-awareness and improved communication skills that facilitated their mostly successful pursuits of employment opportunities after being released. The findings of this study also suggest that the outcomes of higher education programs in prisons extend beyond classroom learning and academic achievement in a way that provides students with knowledge, useful skills, prosocial networks, and access to employment prospects upon reentry into the community. More specifically, this study details how postsecondary correctional education programs provide a foundation for building social capital and preparing incarcerated individuals to become employable, law-abiding citizens. That this information came from formerly incarcerated individuals who are now thriving postrelease warrants further research that would support the expansion of educational programming for prisoners.","PeriodicalId":46878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Offender Rehabilitation","volume":"60 1","pages":"270 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10509674.2021.1909200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59900422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The reintegration of returning citizens after release is influenced by the quality of the rehabilitation in correctional centers as well as the appropriateness of the transition programs and the support afterwards. The prison administration in Ethiopia provides vocational trainings and behavioral counseling to change the criminal intent of inmates. However, there is no formal transition program being implemented. The study examined the reintegration efforts of returning citizens in relation to their experiences in prison and after release. The reflections of inmates as well as prison staff are also considered to substantiate the returnees’ experience after release. Although no formal transition programs are in place, returning citizens have managed to successfully reintegrate mainly because of the experiences in prison that influenced their behavior and the support from families and credit firms after release. The vocational training the returning citizens attended in prison did not, however, help them secure a job. The need to review existing training programs and strengthen the link between correction centers and stakeholders is discussed.
{"title":"Reintegration of returning citizens in the absence of formal transition programs: experiences from Ethiopia","authors":"Z. Zerihun, Gebrehiwot Hadush, Tekeste Berhanu, Bahre Gebru, Tsegay Balcha, Yrgalem Gebreslassie","doi":"10.1080/10509674.2021.1909199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2021.1909199","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The reintegration of returning citizens after release is influenced by the quality of the rehabilitation in correctional centers as well as the appropriateness of the transition programs and the support afterwards. The prison administration in Ethiopia provides vocational trainings and behavioral counseling to change the criminal intent of inmates. However, there is no formal transition program being implemented. The study examined the reintegration efforts of returning citizens in relation to their experiences in prison and after release. The reflections of inmates as well as prison staff are also considered to substantiate the returnees’ experience after release. Although no formal transition programs are in place, returning citizens have managed to successfully reintegrate mainly because of the experiences in prison that influenced their behavior and the support from families and credit firms after release. The vocational training the returning citizens attended in prison did not, however, help them secure a job. The need to review existing training programs and strengthen the link between correction centers and stakeholders is discussed.","PeriodicalId":46878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Offender Rehabilitation","volume":"60 1","pages":"256 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10509674.2021.1909199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49160807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2021.1887428
Joel Miller, J. Brey
Abstract This paper examines how frontline juvenile probation officers’ (POs’) perceptions of a risk/need assessment (RNA) evolved over the years following its introduction, and what subjective experiences shaped their adaptation. It does this by analyzing 86 qualitative interviews with POs conducted in five Pennsylvania counties several years after the introduction of the RNA. While line POs often experienced initial resistance to the RNA, views had tended to soften since, and they held a predominantly positive view of the tool at the time of the study. However, patterns of support and their change over time varied, with some line POs continuing to express resistant attitudes. Resistance to the tool during the period appeared anchored in concerns about workload, change, challenges to PO judgment, the tool’s legitimacy, and the tool’s purpose. Line POs’ acceptance of the RNA appeared related to its fit with their preexisting orientations, their recognition of the tool’s value through practice, a process of habituation, experiences of training, as well as pressure for compliance from managers and supervisors. Findings inform theory and guidance to future RNA implementation efforts.
{"title":"Shifting perceptions of a risk/need assessment tool: exploring practitioners’ adjustments to reform","authors":"Joel Miller, J. Brey","doi":"10.1080/10509674.2021.1887428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2021.1887428","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines how frontline juvenile probation officers’ (POs’) perceptions of a risk/need assessment (RNA) evolved over the years following its introduction, and what subjective experiences shaped their adaptation. It does this by analyzing 86 qualitative interviews with POs conducted in five Pennsylvania counties several years after the introduction of the RNA. While line POs often experienced initial resistance to the RNA, views had tended to soften since, and they held a predominantly positive view of the tool at the time of the study. However, patterns of support and their change over time varied, with some line POs continuing to express resistant attitudes. Resistance to the tool during the period appeared anchored in concerns about workload, change, challenges to PO judgment, the tool’s legitimacy, and the tool’s purpose. Line POs’ acceptance of the RNA appeared related to its fit with their preexisting orientations, their recognition of the tool’s value through practice, a process of habituation, experiences of training, as well as pressure for compliance from managers and supervisors. Findings inform theory and guidance to future RNA implementation efforts.","PeriodicalId":46878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Offender Rehabilitation","volume":"60 1","pages":"159 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10509674.2021.1887428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47759039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2021.1887427
A. Sondhi, A. Leidi, D. Best
Abstract Little is known as to the efficacy of treatment interventions for an alcohol use disorder (AUD) to reduce reoffending. A quasi-experimental propensity score matched observational study was deployed to calculate the average treatment effect on reoffending for people in prison with an AUD exposed to prison-based treatment compared to a matched control group. A one-to-one match without replacement followed by a marginal Cox proportional hazards time-to-event model with the treatment group only were also run. No statistically significant difference in reoffending rates and risk of reoffending on release were noted. Analyses suggest that the treatment group were more likely to be treated for binge drinking than individuals assessed who commit crime due to their consumption of alcohol. The English treatment model is an opportunity to create an enhanced system that integrates public health whilst addressing recidivism. Further work is required assessing the effect of multiple treatments on reoffending.
{"title":"Estimating a treatment effect on reoffending by people in prison with an alcohol use disorder: a national matched propensity score analysis","authors":"A. Sondhi, A. Leidi, D. Best","doi":"10.1080/10509674.2021.1887427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2021.1887427","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Little is known as to the efficacy of treatment interventions for an alcohol use disorder (AUD) to reduce reoffending. A quasi-experimental propensity score matched observational study was deployed to calculate the average treatment effect on reoffending for people in prison with an AUD exposed to prison-based treatment compared to a matched control group. A one-to-one match without replacement followed by a marginal Cox proportional hazards time-to-event model with the treatment group only were also run. No statistically significant difference in reoffending rates and risk of reoffending on release were noted. Analyses suggest that the treatment group were more likely to be treated for binge drinking than individuals assessed who commit crime due to their consumption of alcohol. The English treatment model is an opportunity to create an enhanced system that integrates public health whilst addressing recidivism. Further work is required assessing the effect of multiple treatments on reoffending.","PeriodicalId":46878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Offender Rehabilitation","volume":"60 1","pages":"179 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10509674.2021.1887427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48076540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2021.1887426
A. Liberman, Jeanette Hussemann, Brice McKeever
Abstract This study evaluates the recidivism impact of the Tidewater Reentry Initiative (TRI) for medium and high-risk juveniles released from secure statewide facilities. TRI used an intensive case management model combined with in-reach prerelease reentry planning. Impact was assessed using propensity score (PS) weighting in a geographic comparison design. Treatment youth were released from statewide facilities to the Tidewater area of Virginia; comparison youth were released to a comparison area. PSs were used to balance the samples on demographics, current case characteristics, and criminal history. Descriptively, treatment youth showed lower rearrest and reconviction rates at 6, 12, and 24 months following release than comparison youth. Survival analyses examined time to first rearrest, reconviction, and reincarceration, using 6 months to 6 years of follow-up data. Treatment youth were slower to be rearrested and reconvicted, which was significant at the p < .10 level in Cox proportional hazard models. These beneficial effects appear concentrated among the youth released as adults, but formal tests of the interaction were not significant. The intensive case management model seems to have promise to delay recidivism, although high recidivism rates suggest that the model is not intensive enough for high risk youth involved in the juvenile justice system.
{"title":"Juvenile Second Chance Act Participation in Virginia: Impact on Rearrest, Reconviction, and Reincarceration","authors":"A. Liberman, Jeanette Hussemann, Brice McKeever","doi":"10.1080/10509674.2021.1887426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2021.1887426","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study evaluates the recidivism impact of the Tidewater Reentry Initiative (TRI) for medium and high-risk juveniles released from secure statewide facilities. TRI used an intensive case management model combined with in-reach prerelease reentry planning. Impact was assessed using propensity score (PS) weighting in a geographic comparison design. Treatment youth were released from statewide facilities to the Tidewater area of Virginia; comparison youth were released to a comparison area. PSs were used to balance the samples on demographics, current case characteristics, and criminal history. Descriptively, treatment youth showed lower rearrest and reconviction rates at 6, 12, and 24 months following release than comparison youth. Survival analyses examined time to first rearrest, reconviction, and reincarceration, using 6 months to 6 years of follow-up data. Treatment youth were slower to be rearrested and reconvicted, which was significant at the p < .10 level in Cox proportional hazard models. These beneficial effects appear concentrated among the youth released as adults, but formal tests of the interaction were not significant. The intensive case management model seems to have promise to delay recidivism, although high recidivism rates suggest that the model is not intensive enough for high risk youth involved in the juvenile justice system.","PeriodicalId":46878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Offender Rehabilitation","volume":"60 1","pages":"196 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10509674.2021.1887426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45543469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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