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Journal of Material Culture最新文献

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The terrain of thingworlds: Central objects and asymmetry in material culture systems 物世界的地形:物质文化系统中的中心对象和不对称
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.1177/13591835211002230
G. Lucas, J. Robb
Material culture forms a relational system of distributed reality – a thingworld. But how do we get beyond simply saying that all material culture is meaningful and entangled to understanding the internal structure of such systems? Is it a flat terrain among co-equal things? Or are some objects more important than others, as we might intuitively suppose? And if so, why? This article presents an initial discussion of the problem. Using vignettes from two thingworlds – one from early modern Iceland, one from Neolithic Europe– the authors discuss what were the central material things in each, and for what reasons. This suggests that objects may be systemically central in different ways, for instance things which connect and mediate relationships of different kinds, things which are non-substitutable, and things which span multiple roles and contexts.
物质文化形成了一个分布式现实的关系系统——一个物质世界。但是,我们如何超越简单地说所有物质文化都是有意义和纠缠的,来理解这些系统的内部结构呢?在平等的事物中,这是平坦的地形吗?或者,正如我们直观地假设的那样,有些物体比其他物体更重要?如果是,为什么?这篇文章对这个问题作了初步讨论。作者使用两个事物世界的小插曲——一个来自现代早期的冰岛,一个来自新石器时代的欧洲——讨论了每一个世界的核心物质是什么,以及原因是什么。这表明,对象可能以不同的方式处于系统中心,例如,连接和调解不同类型关系的事物,不可替代的事物,以及跨越多种角色和背景的事物。
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引用次数: 2
Enregistering cuteness of fashion clothes on Chinese social media 在中国社交媒体上登记时尚服装的可爱性
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-03-24 DOI: 10.1177/1359183521994876
Kunming Li
In the context of cute material culture, this article focuses on the production of valorized cute aesthetic in fashion clothes being sold on Chinese social media. Through corpus-enlightened empirical case studies, the article demonstrates how the baby-talk register converges with the material design and embodiment of clothes to synergically affect the cute materiality of the clothes at issue. With special attention paid to discursive practices of enregisterment, the study tries to recalibrate the existing biased hermeneutics of cute material culture that largely reduce cute clothes to material immediacy and consumerist passivity. The study sheds light on the collegiality and complementarity that enregisterment shows for embodiment and material design in the production of material aesthetics, and by doing so enriches the understanding of materiality within clothing material culture in general.
在可爱的物质文化背景下,本文关注的是中国社交媒体上销售的时尚服装中被高估的可爱审美的产生。本文通过语料库启发的实证案例研究,论证了婴儿语语语域如何与服装的材料设计和体现相结合,协同影响所讨论服装的可爱物质性。本研究特别关注登记的话语实践,试图重新校准现有的关于可爱的物质文化的有偏见的解释学,这种解释学在很大程度上将可爱的衣服归结为物质的即时性和消费主义的被动性。本研究揭示了在物质美学的生产过程中,注册在体现和材料设计方面所表现出的共同性和互补性,并通过这样做,丰富了对服装物质文化中物质的理解。
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引用次数: 3
Islamic heritage versus orthodoxy: Figural painting, musical instruments and wine bowls at the Dutch National Museum of World Cultures 伊斯兰遗产与正统:荷兰国家世界文化博物馆的人物画、乐器和葡萄酒碗
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-03-05 DOI: 10.1177/1359183521997503
Pooyan Tamimi Arab
Shahab Ahmed’s What Is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (2016) challenges anthropologists, Islamic Studies scholars, art historians and museum practitioners to question the theological assumptions underlying conceptions of Islamic art and material culture. This article analyses three object types key to Ahmed’s analysis – Islamic figural painting, musical instruments and wine bowls – from the vantage point of the collection of the Dutch National Museum of World Cultures. Based on the author’s experience as Assistant Curator for West Asia and North Africa in 2015–2016 and on exhibition developments up until 2019, Ahmed’s framework is demonstrated as a guide for critical interpretations of exhibitions of Islamic art and material culture. This perspective lays bare a tension that contemporary museums struggle with in response to nationalist pressures to integrate Muslim citizens in Western Europe: between a diverse Islamic heritage, on the one hand, and orthodox desires to materially purify the very idea of Islam, on the other.
沙哈卜·艾哈迈德的伊斯兰教是什么?《成为伊斯兰的重要性》(2016)挑战了人类学家、伊斯兰研究学者、艺术历史学家和博物馆从业者对伊斯兰艺术和物质文化概念背后的神学假设的质疑。本文从荷兰国家世界文化博物馆藏品的角度分析了艾哈迈德分析的三种关键对象类型——伊斯兰人物画、乐器和酒杯。根据作者在2015-2016年担任西亚和北非助理策展人的经验以及截至2019年的展览发展,Ahmed的框架被证明是对伊斯兰艺术和物质文化展览进行批判性解读的指南。这一观点暴露了当代博物馆在应对融合西欧穆斯林公民的民族主义压力时所面临的紧张局势:一方面是多样化的伊斯兰遗产,另一方面是正统派希望从物质上净化伊斯兰教思想。
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引用次数: 1
Hazy clouds: Making black carbon visible in climate science 朦胧云:在气候科学中使黑碳可见
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1177/1359183521994864
Vasundhara Bhojvaid
In 1995, a multimillion-dollar experiment – the Indian Ocean Experiment – discovered a dark mass of polluting air hovering above the Indian subcontinent. This mass of air was termed a cloud and found to be composed of a high amount of black carbon that was judged to be the second biggest threat to climate change after carbon-dioxide. In this article, an attempt is made to trace the life of black carbon by documenting its changing forms since the experiment. It emerges that the changing forms allow for the movement of air – smoke from traditional cookstoves and vehicular diesel emissions in India lead to the formation of the cloud – and reveal how an ethnography of air can be undertaken.
1995年,一项耗资数百万美元的实验——印度洋实验——发现了一团黑暗的污染空气在印度次大陆上空盘旋。这种质量的空气被称为云,并被发现由大量的黑碳组成,被认为是仅次于二氧化碳的第二大气候变化威胁。在这篇文章中,试图通过记录实验以来炭黑的变化形式来追溯炭黑的生命。研究表明,不断变化的形式允许空气流动——印度传统炉灶产生的烟雾和车辆柴油排放导致了云的形成——并揭示了如何进行空气民族志研究。
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引用次数: 2
Keeping the family silver: The changing meanings and uses of Manchester’s civic plate 保持家庭银质:曼彻斯特市民车牌的意义和用途的变化
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-01-14 DOI: 10.1177/13591835211025547
T. Edensor, B. Sobell
This article explores the shifting uses and meanings of Manchester civic plate, a huge silver dining service purchased in 1877 to coincide with the opening of the city’s neo-Gothic Town Hall. The authors explore how the silver collection has successively forged relations with a host of different people, places and objects, exemplifying the changing processes through which objects are understood, utilized, valued, maintained, stored and curated. Three key processes are deployed to illuminate these shifting entanglements: the use of the silver to express municipal prestige and advance particular cultural values, the maintenance procedures that have responded to the silver’s vital material constituency and practices of display, storage and curation. In accounting for these diverse and volatile processes, the article argues for the virtues of theoretical breadth in exploring the multiplicities of material culture.
这篇文章探讨了曼彻斯特市民餐盘的用途和含义的变化,这是一种巨大的银色餐饮服务,于1877年购买,以配合该市新哥特式市政厅的开放。作者探索了白银收藏是如何与许多不同的人、地方和物品建立关系的,举例说明了物品被理解、利用、估价、维护、储存和策划的变化过程。部署了三个关键流程来阐明这些不断变化的纠葛:使用白银来表达城市声望和促进特定的文化价值观,对白银重要材料群体做出回应的维护程序,以及展示、储存和策展的做法。在解释这些多样化和多变的过程时,文章认为理论广度在探索物质文化的多样性方面具有优势。
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引用次数: 1
Malagasy art on the move: Materiality, home displays, and problems in decolonizing Christianity 流动中的马达加斯加艺术:物质性、家居展示和基督教非殖民化问题
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-11-21 DOI: 10.1177/1359183520971336
Britt Halvorson
This article explores how white US Christians’ home displays, including their decorative presentation of paintings, small sculptures, and other memorabilia of foreign travel, play a critical role in representing imperial geographies. Drawing upon long-term ethnographic research on the current aid partnership between Lutherans in the US and Madagascar, which stems from American Lutheran mission work in southern Madagascar (1888–2004), the article studies the relationship of contemporary white Minnesotans’ home displays about Madagascar with more historically-established projects of colonial knowledge production. The visual dimensions of materiality have been significant for building traces and imaginaries of far-flung places for home or metropole audiences in Christian colonization. Thus, by placing theories of Christian souvenirs and devotional objects in dialogue with work on Christian colonialism, the author examines home displays as a lesser-considered aspect of the colonial project in the metropole and considers the problems they raise for contemporary efforts to decolonize Christianity.
这篇文章探讨了美国白人基督徒的家庭陈列,包括他们装饰的绘画、小雕塑和其他国外旅行的纪念品,如何在代表帝国地理方面发挥关键作用。根据长期的民族志研究,美国路德会与马达加斯加之间的援助伙伴关系源于美国路德会在马达加斯加南部的传教工作(1888-2004),本文研究了当代明尼苏达州白人对马达加斯加的家庭展示与历史上建立的殖民知识生产项目之间的关系。在基督教殖民时期,物质性的视觉维度对于为家庭或大都市观众建造遥远地方的痕迹和想象具有重要意义。因此,通过将基督教纪念品和灵修物品的理论与基督教殖民主义的工作进行对话,作者将家庭展示作为大都市殖民项目中较少考虑的方面进行了研究,并考虑了它们为当代非殖民化基督教所带来的问题。
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引用次数: 2
Giants in the lab: Model conservation and the anaphoric progression of design 实验室里的巨人:模型保护与设计的回指进展
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.1177/1359183520972736
Albena Yaneva
How is an architectural model consolidated and re-assembled in conservation to be able to continue to communicate a design concept? How does the work of care and preservation of models reveal knowledge about the often taken-for-granted dynamics of creative processes? To provide answers, this article draws on Etienne Souriau’s philosophy of creativity and follows how the ‘modes of existence’ of creative works are re-enacted in the anaphoric progression of conservation. Basing her findings on ethnography at the Canadian Centre for Architecture, the author examines the epistemic complexity of specific situations of assessing, preserving and assembling large complex scale models. Unpacking the specificity of model conservation, it is argued, allows us to challenge two established beliefs on creativity: the myth of the stable ontology of historically valuable cultural objects and the myth of teleology of creative processes. Conservation-in-action demonstrates the subtle mechanics of crafting historiographic knowledge in the arts.
建筑模型是如何在保护中整合和重新组装的,以便能够继续传达设计理念?模型的护理和保存工作如何揭示人们对创造性过程中通常被视为理所当然的动态的了解?为了提供答案,本文借鉴了Etienne Souriau的创造性哲学,并探讨了创造性作品的“存在模式”是如何在保护的回指过程中重现的。基于她在加拿大建筑中心的民族志研究结果,作者考察了评估、保存和组装大型复杂模型的特定情况的认知复杂性。有人认为,解开模型保护的特殊性,可以让我们挑战两种关于创造力的既定信念:历史上有价值的文化对象的稳定本体论神话和创造性过程的目的论神话。行动中的保护展示了在艺术中创造历史知识的微妙机制。
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引用次数: 0
Noise in the landscape: Disputing the visibility of mundane technological objects 景观中的噪音:对世俗技术对象的可见性的争论
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.1177/1359183520970603
M. Fukushima
In recent years, a controversy has arisen in Japan regarding an ongoing landscape policy proposing to eliminate the forest of utility poles and electric wires that covers almost all urban and rural landscapes. The controversy is somewhat peculiar vis-à-vis the existing study of landscape, partly because of the utterly ubiquitous and non-monumental characteristics of the poles and partly because of the general apathy in public reaction to them. Drawing upon diverse academic sources, this interdisciplinary exploration unfolds a complex entanglement of tacit landscape ideas behind the controversy. The author discusses the effectiveness and limits of addressing both the substantial and visual aspects of the poles vis-à-vis the public and policy makers by using three conceptual frameworks: (1) ‘erasure’ in the landscape as palimpsest, (2) the dual aspects of ‘noise’, and (3) artialisation, in order to understand this mundane element of technological objects in the context of creating contemporary landscapes.
近年来,日本就一项正在进行的景观政策引发了争议,该政策旨在消除几乎覆盖所有城市和农村景观的电线杆森林。与现有的景观研究相比,这场争议有点特殊,部分原因是极点的普遍存在和非纪念性特征,部分原因在于公众对极点的普遍冷漠。这项跨学科的探索利用了不同的学术来源,展现了争议背后隐含的景观理念的复杂纠缠。作者通过使用三个概念框架讨论了解决两极相对于公众和政策制定者的实质和视觉方面的有效性和局限性:(1)景观中的“擦除”作为重写,(2)“噪音”的双重方面,以及(3)人为化,以便在创造当代景观的背景下理解技术对象的这种世俗元素。
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引用次数: 0
Atopic objects: The afterlives of gold teeth stolen from Holocaust dead 特摄对象:从大屠杀死者身上偷走的金牙的后遗症
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1359183520954462
Z. Dziuban
Transfers of property are an integral part of armed conflicts and instances of mass political violence. Not just the state and the military, but also civilians confiscate, dispossess, loot and redistribute wealth across ethnic, national, class or religious lines, in the process re-enacting and sustaining the boundaries of othering and belonging that stand behind the conflict. In this way, economic violence takes on an essentially political dimension. Although, to date, rarely conceptualized as such, even grave robbery perpetrated at the burial sites of a defeated enemy or a member of othered minority constitutes a practice of alterity and dehumanization. And while, in the aftermath of violence, this very fact has the ability to invest things taken from mass graves with a particularly disturbing potential, this article reflects on the practices and affective dynamics surrounding objects of a distinctively unsettling status: golden teeth and dental bridges in their ambivalent condition between material objects (valuables) and bodily remains of the dead. They are considered in this article through the conceptual lens of ‘atopic objects’, a notion designed to bring to the fore both the out-of-place quality and the at once as-well-as/neither-nor character of those things, suspended on the threshold between human remains and material objects, private possessions and body parts of othered and violently dispossessed people. In this article, the author asks how this uneasy ontological status is experienced, acted upon and negotiated by the new (and rarely rightful) ‘owners’ and offers an insight into the practical, affective, political and also legal framings through which ‘atopic objects’ are being constructed and reconstructed either as things or as body parts and, at the cost of their unsettling quality, become embedded in the postwar orders, both in the intimate order of the body and in the political–economic order of the state.
财产转让是武装冲突和大规模政治暴力事件的一个组成部分。不仅是国家和军队,平民也不分种族、民族、阶级或宗教,没收、剥夺、掠夺和重新分配财富,在这个过程中,冲突背后的“他者”和“归属感”的界限被重新制定和维持。这样,经济暴力就具有了本质上的政治维度。虽然到目前为止,很少有这样的概念,但即使是在被打败的敌人或其他少数民族成员的墓地进行的盗墓行为也构成了一种另类和非人性化的做法。虽然在暴力事件发生后,这一事实本身就有可能使从万人坑中取出的东西具有特别令人不安的潜力,但本文反映了围绕具有独特令人不安地位的物品的实践和情感动态:金牙和牙桥在物质物品(贵重物品)和死者遗体之间的矛盾状态。本文通过“特应性物品”的概念镜头来考虑它们,这一概念旨在突出这些物品的不合时宜的品质和立即以及/非或非的特征,暂停在人类遗骸和物质物品之间的门槛上,私人财产和其他暴力剥夺者的身体部位。在这篇文章中,作者询问了这种不安的本体论地位是如何被新的(很少是合法的)“所有者”体验、行动和谈判的,并提供了对实践、情感、政治和法律框架的洞察,通过这些框架,“特应对象”被构建和重建为物品或身体部位,并以其令人不安的品质为代价,嵌入战后秩序。无论是在身体的亲密秩序中,还是在国家的政治经济秩序中。
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引用次数: 2
The materiality of conflict memory: Reflections from contemporary Italy: 冲突记忆的物质性:来自当代意大利的反思
IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/1359183520954506
S. D. Nardi
The process and project of rememory (after Toni Morrison’s Beloved, 1987) may be linked with a politics of hope – to exorcise, to move on, to empower; rememories are emergent ‘sites of feeling’ cap...
记忆的过程和项目(在1987年托尼·莫里森的《宠儿》之后)可能与希望的政治联系在一起——驱除,继续前进,赋予权力;记忆是突现的“感觉场所”……
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Material Culture
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