Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0103
C. Bernardi, C. Busso, R. C. Borin, S. Mazaro, Roberto Sadao Sinabucro Saburo
Heliocarpus americanus is a fast-growing native tree, excellent for recovering degraded areas and its wood can be used as firewood or in the production of charcoal. For its use it is necessary identify the fungus will cause diseases. This work aimed to make the first report of the occurrence of the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica in seeds of H. americanus in Brazil. The fungus was detected in a batch of seeds collected from the native species. The fungus were analyzed by the Blotter test. Then, the fungus was isolated from the seeds and it characterized by morphology of colony and conidia and, molecular tests, what confirmed the identity of the pathogen. To conclude the study, the Koch’s postulates test was performed, where it was observed its transmission of seeds to H. americanus seedlings, elucidating the fungal damage in the seeds and later seedlings of this species. Keyworks: seeds forest, seeds phatolology, forest physiology 1Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFP), Agronomia, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil 2Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFP), Agronomia, Toledo, PR, Brasil Heliocarpus americanus L. is a dioecious native plant that is considered an excellent species for recovering degraded areas because of its rapid growth and economic value in producing wood that can be used as firewood and for charcoal production (Lorenzi, 1992). Thus, this species is a good option for cultivation. To produce healthy and good quality seedlings of this species, seeds with good physiological and sanitary properties should be used. Phytopathogenic fungi are the primary cause of diseases in plant species in forests and nurseries, and many of these fungi remain unidentified, making them difficult to control. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the occurrence of the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica in seeds of H. americanus in Brazil. In March 2017, seeds were collected directly from the native trees in Engenheiro Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil (23°47’49”S; 52°16’08”W). Sanitary quality surveys of the seeds (Silva et al., 2016) revealed that 40% of the samples had a fungal infection (Figure 1A). This incidence is significant given the risk of transporting phytopathogens associated with the seeds, which represents a mechanism for the spread of pathogens both locally and to new areas. The infected seeds were surface disinfected in 0.5% NaClO solution for 1 minute and then washed three times in sterile water. Subsequently, the seeds were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates and incubated at 24 ± 1°C with a photoperiod of 12 hours. The fungi were recovered on the 7th day of incubation. The fungal colonies exhibited filamentous black coloration, a flat raised surface, and filiform borders (Figure 1B). After 10 days of mycelial growth, black, spherical, and unicellular conidia with an average diameter of 18.7 μm (range, 15.5–22 μm) were identified under an optical microscope (Figure 1C). The conidia were present on the hyaline vesicles locat
美洲Heliocarpus americanus是一种快速生长的本地树木，非常适合恢复退化地区，其木材可以用作柴火或生产木炭。为了使用它，有必要确定真菌会引起疾病。本文首次报道了在巴西发现的美洲黑孢菌(Nigrospora sphaerica)。在一批从本地种采集的种子中检测到真菌。用Blotter法对真菌进行分析。然后，从种子中分离出真菌，对其菌落和分生孢子形态进行了鉴定，并进行了分子鉴定，证实了病原菌的身份。为了总结研究，进行了科赫假设测试，观察了它的种子传播到美洲美洲树幼苗，阐明了真菌对该物种种子和后来幼苗的损害。1Universidade Tecnológica Federal do paran (UTFP)， Agronomia, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil 2Universidade Tecnológica Federal do paran (UTFP)， Agronomia, Toledo, PR, Brasil Heliocarpus americanus L.是一种雌雄异株的本土植物，由于其快速生长和生产木材的经济价值，被认为是恢复退化地区的优秀物种，可以用作木柴和木炭生产(Lorenzi, 1992)。因此，这个品种是一个很好的栽培选择。为生产健康优质的本种幼苗，应选用生理卫生性能良好的种子。植物病原真菌是森林和苗圃中植物物种疾病的主要原因，其中许多真菌仍未被识别，使其难以控制。据我们所知，这是第一次报道在巴西美洲人种子中出现黑孢菌。2017年3月，直接从巴西巴拉南的Engenheiro beltr本地树木(23°47 ' 49 " S;52°16”08 W)。种子卫生质量调查(Silva等人，2016年)显示，40%的样本存在真菌感染(图1A)。考虑到与种子相关的植物病原体运输的风险，这种发病率是显著的，这代表了病原体在当地和新地区传播的机制。在0.5% NaClO溶液中表面消毒1分钟，然后在无菌水中洗涤3次。随后，将种子置于马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)板上，在24±1℃光周期下孵育12小时。在培养第7天恢复真菌。真菌菌落呈丝状黑色，表面平坦凸起，边缘呈丝状(图1B)。经过10天的菌丝生长，在光学显微镜下鉴定出黑色、球形和单细胞分生孢子，平均直径为18.7 μm(范围为15.5-22 μm)(图1C)。分生孢子位于短且分枝稀疏的分生孢子顶端的透明囊泡上，与Han等人(2019)描述的相似。根据这些形态特征，我们确定这些菌落为N. sphaerica (Sacc.)。已经梅森。为了进行分子鉴定，我们直接提取真菌DNA
{"title":"The First report of Nigrospora sphaerica Associated with Heliocarpus americanus Seeds in Brazil","authors":"C. Bernardi, C. Busso, R. C. Borin, S. Mazaro, Roberto Sadao Sinabucro Saburo","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0103","url":null,"abstract":"Heliocarpus americanus is a fast-growing native tree, excellent for recovering degraded areas and its wood can be used as firewood or in the production of charcoal. For its use it is necessary identify the fungus will cause diseases. This work aimed to make the first report of the occurrence of the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica in seeds of H. americanus in Brazil. The fungus was detected in a batch of seeds collected from the native species. The fungus were analyzed by the Blotter test. Then, the fungus was isolated from the seeds and it characterized by morphology of colony and conidia and, molecular tests, what confirmed the identity of the pathogen. To conclude the study, the Koch’s postulates test was performed, where it was observed its transmission of seeds to H. americanus seedlings, elucidating the fungal damage in the seeds and later seedlings of this species. Keyworks: seeds forest, seeds phatolology, forest physiology 1Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFP), Agronomia, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil 2Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFP), Agronomia, Toledo, PR, Brasil Heliocarpus americanus L. is a dioecious native plant that is considered an excellent species for recovering degraded areas because of its rapid growth and economic value in producing wood that can be used as firewood and for charcoal production (Lorenzi, 1992). Thus, this species is a good option for cultivation. To produce healthy and good quality seedlings of this species, seeds with good physiological and sanitary properties should be used. Phytopathogenic fungi are the primary cause of diseases in plant species in forests and nurseries, and many of these fungi remain unidentified, making them difficult to control. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the occurrence of the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica in seeds of H. americanus in Brazil. In March 2017, seeds were collected directly from the native trees in Engenheiro Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil (23°47’49”S; 52°16’08”W). Sanitary quality surveys of the seeds (Silva et al., 2016) revealed that 40% of the samples had a fungal infection (Figure 1A). This incidence is significant given the risk of transporting phytopathogens associated with the seeds, which represents a mechanism for the spread of pathogens both locally and to new areas. The infected seeds were surface disinfected in 0.5% NaClO solution for 1 minute and then washed three times in sterile water. Subsequently, the seeds were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates and incubated at 24 ± 1°C with a photoperiod of 12 hours. The fungi were recovered on the 7th day of incubation. The fungal colonies exhibited filamentous black coloration, a flat raised surface, and filiform borders (Figure 1B). After 10 days of mycelial growth, black, spherical, and unicellular conidia with an average diameter of 18.7 μm (range, 15.5–22 μm) were identified under an optical microscope (Figure 1C). The conidia were present on the hyaline vesicles locat","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75939113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2019-0077
N. Salomão, G. Fernandes, R. Pereira, D. Mucida, L. Silva, A. P. D. Gonzaga, E. Machado
Fragmentation of natural areas alters the natural landscape, removing native vegetation and creating an anthropic matrix. In order to better understand the consequences of grazing in areas of campo rupestre and forest, the present study aimed to analyze changes in the vegetation of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, in the Southern Espinhaço, between 1979 and 2015. The vegetation of the study area was identified as arboreal (forest), or herbaceous or shrubby (campo rupestre) by visual classification of a mosaic of aerial photographs from 1979 and the supervised classification of land use from a Landsat 8 image from 2015. Differences in vegetation were analyzed using a transition matrix based on the “Markov model”, which indicated conversions of vegetation classes due to the misuse of land, mainly as pasture. The results indicate the conversion of arboreal vegetation area into areas of exotic herbaceous vegetation, and stability in the area of shrubby vegetation.
{"title":"The Homogenization of two Different Natural Ecosystems by Conversion to Pasture in the Southern Espinhaço, Brazil","authors":"N. Salomão, G. Fernandes, R. Pereira, D. Mucida, L. Silva, A. P. D. Gonzaga, E. Machado","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2019-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2019-0077","url":null,"abstract":"Fragmentation of natural areas alters the natural landscape, removing native vegetation and creating an anthropic matrix. In order to better understand the consequences of grazing in areas of campo rupestre and forest, the present study aimed to analyze changes in the vegetation of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, in the Southern Espinhaço, between 1979 and 2015. The vegetation of the study area was identified as arboreal (forest), or herbaceous or shrubby (campo rupestre) by visual classification of a mosaic of aerial photographs from 1979 and the supervised classification of land use from a Landsat 8 image from 2015. Differences in vegetation were analyzed using a transition matrix based on the “Markov model”, which indicated conversions of vegetation classes due to the misuse of land, mainly as pasture. The results indicate the conversion of arboreal vegetation area into areas of exotic herbaceous vegetation, and stability in the area of shrubby vegetation.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81730457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0023
D. Souza, L. S. Ferrari, Vinicius Morais Coutinho, J. Santos, Sylvio Péllico Netto, C. Sanquetta, A. P. D. Corte
We investigated the spatial distribution of population data and diameter classes and modeled the diameter structure of Vouacapoua americana Aubl. (Acapu) trees in a community forest management area. A forest census of trees with diameters ≥ 33 cm was carried out in the 2015 Annual Production Unit (APU-2015). Ripley’s univariate K function and the global Moran’s index were used to describe spatial autocorrelation. Three harvest intensities (50, 70, and 80%) were simulated for the potential trees. The Weibull (3P) function provided the best performance to describe the diameter distribution of the original tree population, as well as in the harvested 50 and 70% intensities. In general, the spatial pattern of V. americana was aggregated. However, other natural factors, as population size, dynamics, geographic distribution, should be used as indicators for forest management and conservation of the specie.
{"title":"Diameter Structure, Spatial Pattern, and Management Scenarios of Acapu Trees: A Case Study","authors":"D. Souza, L. S. Ferrari, Vinicius Morais Coutinho, J. Santos, Sylvio Péllico Netto, C. Sanquetta, A. P. D. Corte","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0023","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the spatial distribution of population data and diameter classes and modeled the diameter structure of Vouacapoua americana Aubl. (Acapu) trees in a community forest management area. A forest census of trees with diameters ≥ 33 cm was carried out in the 2015 Annual Production Unit (APU-2015). Ripley’s univariate K function and the global Moran’s index were used to describe spatial autocorrelation. Three harvest intensities (50, 70, and 80%) were simulated for the potential trees. The Weibull (3P) function provided the best performance to describe the diameter distribution of the original tree population, as well as in the harvested 50 and 70% intensities. In general, the spatial pattern of V. americana was aggregated. However, other natural factors, as population size, dynamics, geographic distribution, should be used as indicators for forest management and conservation of the specie.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84582898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0071
R. Felix, F. Pereira, M. Bevilacqua, Daniel Basílio Zandonadi, R. Bozelli, M. P. Figueiredo‐Barros
The use of native species’ stem cuttings in riparian forests disturbed by silting could be a promising low-tech alternative for restoration practitioners in riverscape rehabilitation. In this study, we evaluated the vegetative propagation of Amazonian native plants (Buchenavia parviflora, Euterpe oleracea, Ficus insipida and Socratea exorrhiza) with the addition of a bio-fertilizer, and humic and fulvic acids in soil disturbed by human-induced silting. We found that F. insipida and B. parviflora were able to grow and showed high survival percentage with the development of leaves, buds, and roots; even in nutrient deficient and clayey soils. We also found that the frequency of application and the concentration of the organic additives did not show significant influence on plants’ development. Thus, advance in situ tests with both species could be an interesting step to contribute to riverine ecosystems restoration practices.
{"title":"Vegetative Propagation of Amazonian Indigenous Species for Restoration Practices Over a Riverscape Floodplain Disturbed by Silting","authors":"R. Felix, F. Pereira, M. Bevilacqua, Daniel Basílio Zandonadi, R. Bozelli, M. P. Figueiredo‐Barros","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0071","url":null,"abstract":"The use of native species’ stem cuttings in riparian forests disturbed by silting could be a promising low-tech alternative for restoration practitioners in riverscape rehabilitation. In this study, we evaluated the vegetative propagation of Amazonian native plants (Buchenavia parviflora, Euterpe oleracea, Ficus insipida and Socratea exorrhiza) with the addition of a bio-fertilizer, and humic and fulvic acids in soil disturbed by human-induced silting. We found that F. insipida and B. parviflora were able to grow and showed high survival percentage with the development of leaves, buds, and roots; even in nutrient deficient and clayey soils. We also found that the frequency of application and the concentration of the organic additives did not show significant influence on plants’ development. Thus, advance in situ tests with both species could be an interesting step to contribute to riverine ecosystems restoration practices.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80890058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0082
E. Viveiros, B. S. Francisco, A. López, F. Piña-Rodrigues, J. M. S. Silva
Tree plantation is the most used technique for ecological restoration, although passive restoration requires a lower investment of resources. This research aimed to compare the composition and structure of the community of regenerant plants in areas under restoration through Assisted Natural Regeneration and mixed native Tree Planting, in the same area. We randomly placed 12 plots of 100 m2 each and sampled all the regenerating individuals found within them. We compared both restoration methods regarding growth pattern, dispersal syndromes, and successional groups. In both methodologies, trees and shrubs were the most abundant growth forms. The pioneer successional class was the most abundant in number of individuals for both treatments. We concluded that the two restoration methods allowed the regeneration of native species. We propose that Assisted Natural Regeneration is a viable restoration strategy, capable of boosting the initial processes of the community, especially in a matrix surrounded by remaining forests.
{"title":"Drivers of Restoration Trajectory of a Community of Regenerant Plants: Natural Regeneration or Tree Seedling?","authors":"E. Viveiros, B. S. Francisco, A. López, F. Piña-Rodrigues, J. M. S. Silva","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0082","url":null,"abstract":"Tree plantation is the most used technique for ecological restoration, although passive restoration requires a lower investment of resources. This research aimed to compare the composition and structure of the community of regenerant plants in areas under restoration through Assisted Natural Regeneration and mixed native Tree Planting, in the same area. We randomly placed 12 plots of 100 m2 each and sampled all the regenerating individuals found within them. We compared both restoration methods regarding growth pattern, dispersal syndromes, and successional groups. In both methodologies, trees and shrubs were the most abundant growth forms. The pioneer successional class was the most abundant in number of individuals for both treatments. We concluded that the two restoration methods allowed the regeneration of native species. We propose that Assisted Natural Regeneration is a viable restoration strategy, capable of boosting the initial processes of the community, especially in a matrix surrounded by remaining forests.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83261448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0070
Ewerton Danilo Souza Santos, H. Pinheiro, Humberto Gallo Junior
Natural events associated to environmental disasters has increased with climate changes. Understanding the watershed behavior allows the managers to execute an efficient land use planning. By using as a study area the municipality of São Luiz do Paraitinga, the study’s goal was apply the Height Above the Nearest Drainage Model, which allows categorizing areas based on simulations of water level variations, to evaluate flooding risks at the municipality. The data were processed using ArcGIS Desktop v. 10.3, System for Automated Geoscientific Analysis and TerraHidro. The flood susceptibility map was generated with spatial resolution of 30 m. It was simulated water level variations of 7, 9, 12 and 15 meters and, according to the model, areas with high or very high flood susceptibility cover approximately 13% of the study area (81 km2). In general, the methods used afforded coherent results given the resolution of source data and available information.
与环境灾害相关的自然事件随着气候变化而增加。了解流域行为可以使管理者执行有效的土地利用规划。通过使用 o Luiz do Paraitinga市作为研究区域，研究的目标是应用最近排水模型的高度，该模型允许基于水位变化的模拟对区域进行分类，以评估市政当局的洪水风险。数据处理使用ArcGIS Desktop v. 10.3, System for Automated Geoscientific Analysis和TerraHidro。生成空间分辨率为30 m的洪水敏感性图。该模型模拟了7、9、12和15米的水位变化，根据该模型，高或极高洪水易感性区域约占研究面积(81平方公里)的13%。一般来说，在给定源数据和可用信息的分辨率的情况下，所使用的方法提供了一致的结果。
{"title":"Height Above the Nearest Drainage to Predict Flooding Areas in São Luiz do Paraitinga, São Paulo","authors":"Ewerton Danilo Souza Santos, H. Pinheiro, Humberto Gallo Junior","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0070","url":null,"abstract":"Natural events associated to environmental disasters has increased with climate changes. Understanding the watershed behavior allows the managers to execute an efficient land use planning. By using as a study area the municipality of São Luiz do Paraitinga, the study’s goal was apply the Height Above the Nearest Drainage Model, which allows categorizing areas based on simulations of water level variations, to evaluate flooding risks at the municipality. The data were processed using ArcGIS Desktop v. 10.3, System for Automated Geoscientific Analysis and TerraHidro. The flood susceptibility map was generated with spatial resolution of 30 m. It was simulated water level variations of 7, 9, 12 and 15 meters and, according to the model, areas with high or very high flood susceptibility cover approximately 13% of the study area (81 km2). In general, the methods used afforded coherent results given the resolution of source data and available information.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84759696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0048
A. Andrade, Orlando Espinoza Herrera, Pablo Reyes-Contreras, M. Pereira, Francisco Vásquez-Garay
Eucalyptus globulus is the second most important economic forest species in Chile. Its main use is in the kraft pulp industry, where large amounts of bark waste are generated. Due to its fibrous characteristics, E. globulus bark is proposed as an alternative source of fibres for papermaking. This study focuses on obtaining fibres for liner paper manufacture. A neutral sulphite semi-chemical (NSSC) process was performed, varying the sodium sulphite (5% to 16%) and the sodium carbonate (2% and 4%) concentrations using two reaction temperatures (160°C and 170°C). The NSSC process at 170°C, 16% of sulphite, and 2% of sodium carbonate proved to be the best condition to obtain higher mechanical performance of papers. As the pulping conditions become more drastic, the yield drops, and the physicomechanical properties of paper increases. Results showed that pulps from E. globulus bark could turn into source of fibres for papermaking and other related products.
{"title":"Eucalyptus globulus bark valorization: Production of fibers by Neutral Sulphite Semi-Chemical Process for Liner Paper Manufacture","authors":"A. Andrade, Orlando Espinoza Herrera, Pablo Reyes-Contreras, M. Pereira, Francisco Vásquez-Garay","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0048","url":null,"abstract":"Eucalyptus globulus is the second most important economic forest species in Chile. Its main use is in the kraft pulp industry, where large amounts of bark waste are generated. Due to its fibrous characteristics, E. globulus bark is proposed as an alternative source of fibres for papermaking. This study focuses on obtaining fibres for liner paper manufacture. A neutral sulphite semi-chemical (NSSC) process was performed, varying the sodium sulphite (5% to 16%) and the sodium carbonate (2% and 4%) concentrations using two reaction temperatures (160°C and 170°C). The NSSC process at 170°C, 16% of sulphite, and 2% of sodium carbonate proved to be the best condition to obtain higher mechanical performance of papers. As the pulping conditions become more drastic, the yield drops, and the physicomechanical properties of paper increases. Results showed that pulps from E. globulus bark could turn into source of fibres for papermaking and other related products.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75312384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0007
R. Batista, M. M. Gomes
Based on a systematic review, 19 case studies were selected, focusing on the production of biochar through pyrolysis of five lignocellulosic biomasses (olive husk, beech wood, corncob, spruce wood, and hazelnut shell), under constant pressure (0.1 MPa) and temperature from 650.2 to 973.0 K. Interactions between process variables (temperature, residence time of the vapor phase and heating rate), biomass chemical composition variables (lignin, holocellulose, ash, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen content) and biochar yield-CY were evaluated by Pearson’s correlation matrix and Principal Component Analysis-PCA. Strong correlations (|r| ≥0.75, p<0.05) were found for lignin and CY (0.78); carbon and CY (0.76); nitrogen and CY (0.77). Three variables of biomass chemical composition were the most important ones for the first principal component-PC1; process variables (heating rate and the vapour residence time) were the most important ones for the second principal component-PC2. Experiments with hazelnut shell as feedstock were associated with higher CY.
{"title":"Effects of Chemical Composition and Pyrolysis Process Variables on Biochar Yields: Correlation and Principal Component Analysis","authors":"R. Batista, M. M. Gomes","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a systematic review, 19 case studies were selected, focusing on the production of biochar through pyrolysis of five lignocellulosic biomasses (olive husk, beech wood, corncob, spruce wood, and hazelnut shell), under constant pressure (0.1 MPa) and temperature from 650.2 to 973.0 K. Interactions between process variables (temperature, residence time of the vapor phase and heating rate), biomass chemical composition variables (lignin, holocellulose, ash, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen content) and biochar yield-CY were evaluated by Pearson’s correlation matrix and Principal Component Analysis-PCA. Strong correlations (|r| ≥0.75, p<0.05) were found for lignin and CY (0.78); carbon and CY (0.76); nitrogen and CY (0.77). Three variables of biomass chemical composition were the most important ones for the first principal component-PC1; process variables (heating rate and the vapour residence time) were the most important ones for the second principal component-PC2. Experiments with hazelnut shell as feedstock were associated with higher CY.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77361728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0035
J. Orellana, Jociene Oliveira Vitória Nascimento, Jorge Grilo, S. P. S. Neves, L. A. P. Miranda, L. S. Funch
1Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil. Abstract Phenological studies are considerably complemented through field data and herbarium collection databases. We examined the seasonality and relationships between leafing and reproductive phenophases using field observations and herbarium data of Campomanesia eugenioides var. desertorum, Eugenia punicifolia, and Psidium schenckianum, all native species of Myrtaceae. Field observations were performed in a caatinga remnant in Bahia State, Brazil; HUEFS herbarium collections were examined. In general, all species showed seasonal reproductive phases and aseasonal leaf phases, and Spearman correlations were observed between those phases. Field observations and herbarium collections were similar and complementary, providing clues about seasonality and the relationship between leaf and reproductive phases of Myrtaceae species.
1巴西费拉德桑塔纳大学，巴西BA费拉德桑塔纳。物候学研究在很大程度上是通过野外数据和植物标本收集数据库来补充的。本文利用桃金娘科原生种Campomanesia eugenioides var. desertorum、Eugenia punicifolia和Psidium schenckianum的野外观测资料和标本室资料，分析了叶片物候期和生殖物候期的季节性关系。在巴西巴伊亚州的卡廷加遗址进行了实地观察;对HUEFS植物标本进行了检查。总体而言，所有物种均表现出季节性繁殖期和季节性叶期，且各期之间存在Spearman相关性。野外观测结果与植物标本馆资料具有相似性和互补性，为了解桃金娘科植物的季节特征以及叶片与生殖期的关系提供了线索。
{"title":"Seasonality and the Relationships Between Reproductive and Leaf Phenophases In Myrtaceae Using Field and Herbarium Data","authors":"J. Orellana, Jociene Oliveira Vitória Nascimento, Jorge Grilo, S. P. S. Neves, L. A. P. Miranda, L. S. Funch","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0035","url":null,"abstract":"1Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil. Abstract Phenological studies are considerably complemented through field data and herbarium collection databases. We examined the seasonality and relationships between leafing and reproductive phenophases using field observations and herbarium data of Campomanesia eugenioides var. desertorum, Eugenia punicifolia, and Psidium schenckianum, all native species of Myrtaceae. Field observations were performed in a caatinga remnant in Bahia State, Brazil; HUEFS herbarium collections were examined. In general, all species showed seasonal reproductive phases and aseasonal leaf phases, and Spearman correlations were observed between those phases. Field observations and herbarium collections were similar and complementary, providing clues about seasonality and the relationship between leaf and reproductive phases of Myrtaceae species.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82695057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0051
Letícia Sena, T. O. Bahia, G. Fernandes
The Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) biome suffers intense degradation due to several anthropic activities and its recovery is extremely important for the restoration of environmental quality. Therefore, the present study tested the survival and growth of seedlings of the grass Schizachyrium tenerum produced by the division of clumps. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using Reddish Oxisol, dystrophic of “cerrado sensu stricto” and Litholic Neosol dystrophic of quartzitic rupestrian grassland with and without the addition of limestone and NPK. Survival of S. tenerum was also compared between being grown in a greenhouse and directly in the field in full sun. Seedlings of S. tenerum had greater survival, total growth, number of tillers and accumulation of biomass when cultivated in Reddish Oxisol and Reddish Oxisol with limestone added than in the other treatments. Seedling survival was three times greater when grown in a greenhouse than in full sun.
{"title":"Vegetative Propagation of Schizachyrium tenerum (Poaceae) Under Different Substrates and Environments","authors":"Letícia Sena, T. O. Bahia, G. Fernandes","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0051","url":null,"abstract":"The Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) biome suffers intense degradation due to several anthropic activities and its recovery is extremely important for the restoration of environmental quality. Therefore, the present study tested the survival and growth of seedlings of the grass Schizachyrium tenerum produced by the division of clumps. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using Reddish Oxisol, dystrophic of “cerrado sensu stricto” and Litholic Neosol dystrophic of quartzitic rupestrian grassland with and without the addition of limestone and NPK. Survival of S. tenerum was also compared between being grown in a greenhouse and directly in the field in full sun. Seedlings of S. tenerum had greater survival, total growth, number of tillers and accumulation of biomass when cultivated in Reddish Oxisol and Reddish Oxisol with limestone added than in the other treatments. Seedling survival was three times greater when grown in a greenhouse than in full sun.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89506633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：