Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0036
M. C. Siqueira, S. Kanashiro, M. Domingos, M. Rinaldi, A. Tavares
This study was conducted to assess the physicochemical characteristics of urban forest soil contaminated by copper and the dynamics of macroand micronutrients uptake by Schinus terebinthifolia and Eugenia uniflora seedlings. The seedlings received 0 (control), 60, 120, 180 or 240 mg Cu kg-1 soil applied to urban forest soil within São Paulo City, Brazil. Our results showed that K was reduced in Cu-contaminated soil used for S. terebinthifolia cultivation and that organic matter was higher in Cucontaminated soil used for E. uniflora cultivation. Other physicochemical properties of soil remained unaltered. S. terebinthifolia presented nutritional imbalances in N, K and Mg on leaves, while E. uniflora presented nutritional imbalances in K on leaves and in S on roots. It can be concluded that copper contamination can negatively affect chemical and nutritional characteristics of urban forest soil, as well as the nutritional dynamics of S. terebinthifolia and E. uniflora.
以铜污染的城市森林土壤为研究对象，研究了铜污染后城市森林土壤的理化特征以及铜污染后城市森林土壤中巨量和微量元素的吸收动态。在巴西圣保罗市城市森林土壤中施用0(对照)、60、120、180或240 mg Cu kg-1土壤。结果表明，铜污染土壤中钾含量明显降低，而铜污染土壤中有机质含量较高。土壤的其他理化性质保持不变。金银花叶片中N、K、Mg的营养不平衡，单叶金银花叶片中K、S的营养不平衡。综上所述，铜污染对城市森林土壤的化学和营养特性，以及三叶草和独叶草的营养动态都有负面影响。
{"title":"The Dynamics of Macro- and Micronutrients in Native Tree Species Affected by Copper Contamination","authors":"M. C. Siqueira, S. Kanashiro, M. Domingos, M. Rinaldi, A. Tavares","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0036","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to assess the physicochemical characteristics of urban forest soil contaminated by copper and the dynamics of macroand micronutrients uptake by Schinus terebinthifolia and Eugenia uniflora seedlings. The seedlings received 0 (control), 60, 120, 180 or 240 mg Cu kg-1 soil applied to urban forest soil within São Paulo City, Brazil. Our results showed that K was reduced in Cu-contaminated soil used for S. terebinthifolia cultivation and that organic matter was higher in Cucontaminated soil used for E. uniflora cultivation. Other physicochemical properties of soil remained unaltered. S. terebinthifolia presented nutritional imbalances in N, K and Mg on leaves, while E. uniflora presented nutritional imbalances in K on leaves and in S on roots. It can be concluded that copper contamination can negatively affect chemical and nutritional characteristics of urban forest soil, as well as the nutritional dynamics of S. terebinthifolia and E. uniflora.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76542522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0063
Firmino Cardoso Pereira, F. Guilherme, B. Marimon
Comparative studies of tree dynamics can be useful for the conservation of forest fragments in the Cerrado. We tested if the successional dynamics in fragments of semideciduous forest (SF) and cerradão (CE) are influenced by edge effects (EE). Two surveys were carried out with plots allocation in both physiognomies, from the edge towards the interior of the fragments. All trees with diameter at breast height ≥ 5cm were measured, identified and classified (ecological groups). Both physiognomies showed high recruitment and mortality rates when compared with other forests in Cerrado. We found an EE on tree density (SF), and on mortality, total basal area and basal area of dead (CE), although do not so notorious on a short-term scale. Probably because EE did not influence the ecological groups and canopy cover. Our results suggest that the forest fragmentation can act as a disturbance agent, causing changes in the tree dynamics of the Cerrado forests.
{"title":"Edge Effects on Successional Dynamics of Forest Fragments in the Brazilian Cerrado","authors":"Firmino Cardoso Pereira, F. Guilherme, B. Marimon","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0063","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative studies of tree dynamics can be useful for the conservation of forest fragments in the Cerrado. We tested if the successional dynamics in fragments of semideciduous forest (SF) and cerradão (CE) are influenced by edge effects (EE). Two surveys were carried out with plots allocation in both physiognomies, from the edge towards the interior of the fragments. All trees with diameter at breast height ≥ 5cm were measured, identified and classified (ecological groups). Both physiognomies showed high recruitment and mortality rates when compared with other forests in Cerrado. We found an EE on tree density (SF), and on mortality, total basal area and basal area of dead (CE), although do not so notorious on a short-term scale. Probably because EE did not influence the ecological groups and canopy cover. Our results suggest that the forest fragmentation can act as a disturbance agent, causing changes in the tree dynamics of the Cerrado forests.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75291870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0088
V. E. Mena-Mosquera, H. J. Andrade
The payment value for the ecosystem service of carbon sequestration and storage in forests and agroforestry systems with cacao (AFS-cacao) from the sub-basin of river Munguidó, Quibdó, Colombia was estimated. The productive activities of highest economic importance (cane, pineapple, plantain, cassava, AFS-cacao, and timber harvesting) were selected, and their financial profit was assessed: net present value (NPV), cost-benefit ratio (B/C), and the internal rate of return (IRR). The payment value for the service was estimated considering the profitability of productive activities and carbon sequestration rate. Minimum and maximum values to pay for reduction of carbon emissions in primary forests, and for carbon sequestration in secondary forests and AFS-cacao are between 4 and 27; 5 and 37; and 9 and 63 U$/Mg CO2e, respectively.
{"title":"Valuation of Carbon Sequestration and Storage Ecosystem Services in a Tropical Moist Forest of Chocó, Colombia","authors":"V. E. Mena-Mosquera, H. J. Andrade","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0088","url":null,"abstract":"The payment value for the ecosystem service of carbon sequestration and storage in forests and agroforestry systems with cacao (AFS-cacao) from the sub-basin of river Munguidó, Quibdó, Colombia was estimated. The productive activities of highest economic importance (cane, pineapple, plantain, cassava, AFS-cacao, and timber harvesting) were selected, and their financial profit was assessed: net present value (NPV), cost-benefit ratio (B/C), and the internal rate of return (IRR). The payment value for the service was estimated considering the profitability of productive activities and carbon sequestration rate. Minimum and maximum values to pay for reduction of carbon emissions in primary forests, and for carbon sequestration in secondary forests and AFS-cacao are between 4 and 27; 5 and 37; and 9 and 63 U$/Mg CO2e, respectively.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87469367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0060
Zh. B. Ashirova, Z. Kuzhantaeva, Z. Abdrassulova, G. Shaimerdenova, G. Atanbaeva
This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical features of medicinal species of the Asteraceae family, their mineral elements, antioxidants, vitamins, and amino acids. The species studied included common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), and German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert) collected in the Ile Alatau Mountain (Trans-Ili Alatau), Kazakhstan. The plants were harvested in July 2019-July 2020 during their flowering. The article’s scientific novelty lies in the conceptual research of phytochemical and morphological features of medicinal species with a maximum content of biologically active substances and high antioxidant activity, which can be a basis for creating innovative functional food products enriched with natural antioxidants. The article describes a new idea to display a very high concentration and diversity of vitamins (8 types), mineral elements (8 types), antioxidants, and amino acids (13 types) in the flowers of C. intybus L., Ch. recutita L., A. millefolium L.
{"title":"Studying Phytochemical Features of Three Asteraceae Herbs Growing Wild in Kazakhstan","authors":"Zh. B. Ashirova, Z. Kuzhantaeva, Z. Abdrassulova, G. Shaimerdenova, G. Atanbaeva","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0060","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical features of medicinal species of the Asteraceae family, their mineral elements, antioxidants, vitamins, and amino acids. The species studied included common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), and German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert) collected in the Ile Alatau Mountain (Trans-Ili Alatau), Kazakhstan. The plants were harvested in July 2019-July 2020 during their flowering. The article’s scientific novelty lies in the conceptual research of phytochemical and morphological features of medicinal species with a maximum content of biologically active substances and high antioxidant activity, which can be a basis for creating innovative functional food products enriched with natural antioxidants. The article describes a new idea to display a very high concentration and diversity of vitamins (8 types), mineral elements (8 types), antioxidants, and amino acids (13 types) in the flowers of C. intybus L., Ch. recutita L., A. millefolium L.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82056925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0044
R. M. Braga, F. D. A. Braga, N. Venturin, Marina Moura de Souza
1Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Lavras, MG, Brasil. 2Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Florestal, MG, Brasil. 3Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais (CEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Abstract Urban growth promotes changes in the environment and in the quality of life. Urban afforestation enables environmental services. But afforestation requires planning and maintenance to avoid conflicts with other urban equipment. The objective of this work was to analyze the interaction between urban afforestation and energy distribution systems in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte. The state-owned energy concessionaire’s database was used, seeking to analyze the relationship between the history of outages in energy supply and the environmental factors associated with the fact, in the period between 2010 and 2015. It was found that the most relevant factors were the type of electrical energy distribution system (bare or isolated) and the maintenance (pruning) of the trees. The size of the tree and the strength of the wood are decisive in defining the demand for maintenance pruning to ensure a harmonious relationship between the trees and the electrical energy distribution system.
{"title":"Interaction Between Energy Distribution Systems and Urban Afforestation in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte","authors":"R. M. Braga, F. D. A. Braga, N. Venturin, Marina Moura de Souza","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0044","url":null,"abstract":"1Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Lavras, MG, Brasil. 2Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Florestal, MG, Brasil. 3Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais (CEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Abstract Urban growth promotes changes in the environment and in the quality of life. Urban afforestation enables environmental services. But afforestation requires planning and maintenance to avoid conflicts with other urban equipment. The objective of this work was to analyze the interaction between urban afforestation and energy distribution systems in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte. The state-owned energy concessionaire’s database was used, seeking to analyze the relationship between the history of outages in energy supply and the environmental factors associated with the fact, in the period between 2010 and 2015. It was found that the most relevant factors were the type of electrical energy distribution system (bare or isolated) and the maintenance (pruning) of the trees. The size of the tree and the strength of the wood are decisive in defining the demand for maintenance pruning to ensure a harmonious relationship between the trees and the electrical energy distribution system.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87036606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0115
V. Constantino, A. V. Motta, J. Z. Barbosa, E. Araújo, Guilherme Quaresma Pedreira, F. Zanette
1Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade, Curitiba, PR, Brasil 2Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência do Solo, Curitiba, PR, Brasil 3Centro Universitário Ingá, Departamento de Agronomia, Maringá, PR, Brasil. Abstract Fertilization can be a sustainable management practice for the maintenance of the threatened species such as Araucaria angustifolia. Our objective was to evaluate the elemental composition of A. angustifolia fertilized with N, P, and K, and how the fertilization altered the soil fertility. Seven-month-old seedlings were transplanted to 16 dm3 soil pots, and three experiments were carried separately (one for each cited element) in a completely randomized design. Overall, the seedlings tended to accumulate nutrients differently among the compartments in the following order: needles > branches > stem. Application of N reduced the soil pH, boosted Mn concentration in more 10 times, decreased the P uptake, and changed the C:N and C:P ratios. Increased doses of P led to higher uptake rates but promoted a reduction in the absorption of Mg. High rates of K diminished of P, Ca, Mg, Mn, and B, confirming antagonism interaction with Ca and Mg.
1巴拉圭联邦大学，巴拉圭联邦理工学院和巴拉圭联邦理工学院，库里蒂巴，PR，巴西2巴拉圭联邦大学，巴拉圭联邦理工学院和巴拉圭联邦理工学院Agrícola，巴拉圭联邦理工学院Pós-graduação em Ciência巴拉圭联邦理工学院，库里蒂巴，PR，巴西3巴拉圭联邦理工学院Universitário ing，农业学院，马林， PR，巴西。摘要施肥可以作为一种可持续的管理措施来维持濒危物种的生存。本研究的目的是评价施氮、磷、钾三种肥料的金针叶土壤元素组成，以及施肥对土壤肥力的影响。将7个月大的幼苗移栽到16 dm3的土盆中，采用完全随机设计，分别进行3个试验(每个被引元素一个)。总体而言，幼苗在不同隔室间积累养分的顺序不同:针>枝>茎。施氮降低了土壤pH值，提高了10倍以上的Mn浓度，降低了磷吸收量，改变了C:N和C:P比值。增加磷的剂量导致更高的吸收率，但促进Mg的吸收减少。高速率的K降低了P、Ca、Mg、Mn和B，证实了与Ca和Mg的拮抗相互作用。
{"title":"Fertilization with Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Affects Composition of Araucaria angustifolia Needles, Branches and Stem","authors":"V. Constantino, A. V. Motta, J. Z. Barbosa, E. Araújo, Guilherme Quaresma Pedreira, F. Zanette","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0115","url":null,"abstract":"1Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade, Curitiba, PR, Brasil 2Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência do Solo, Curitiba, PR, Brasil 3Centro Universitário Ingá, Departamento de Agronomia, Maringá, PR, Brasil. Abstract Fertilization can be a sustainable management practice for the maintenance of the threatened species such as Araucaria angustifolia. Our objective was to evaluate the elemental composition of A. angustifolia fertilized with N, P, and K, and how the fertilization altered the soil fertility. Seven-month-old seedlings were transplanted to 16 dm3 soil pots, and three experiments were carried separately (one for each cited element) in a completely randomized design. Overall, the seedlings tended to accumulate nutrients differently among the compartments in the following order: needles > branches > stem. Application of N reduced the soil pH, boosted Mn concentration in more 10 times, decreased the P uptake, and changed the C:N and C:P ratios. Increased doses of P led to higher uptake rates but promoted a reduction in the absorption of Mg. High rates of K diminished of P, Ca, Mg, Mn, and B, confirming antagonism interaction with Ca and Mg.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90258335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0092
T. S. Jeromini, G. Silva, C. C. Martins
The aim of this work was to verify the effect of size classification on the physical and physiological quality of Eucalyptus spp. seeds to optimize the selection for covering. The seeds were separated in sieves with six size classes: 850, 710, 600, 500, 425 μm, and a non-perforated bottom (< 425 μm). Were evaluated the sieve retention, purity, weight of a thousand seeds, germination, and first count of germination. Sieve classification is effective for the separation of materials according to the best physical and physiological qualities. E. grandis seeds from the 710 μm sieve, E. robusta from the 850 μm sieve, and E. urophylla from the 710 and 850 μm sieves can be selected for covering, as they present maximum physical and physiological quality. For the three species, the smallest materials, retained in the 500, 425, and bottom <425μm sieves, must be discarded due to low purity and germination potential.
{"title":"Effect of Size Classification on Physical and Physiological Quality Aimed at Pelletizing Seeds of Eucalyptus Species","authors":"T. S. Jeromini, G. Silva, C. C. Martins","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0092","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to verify the effect of size classification on the physical and physiological quality of Eucalyptus spp. seeds to optimize the selection for covering. The seeds were separated in sieves with six size classes: 850, 710, 600, 500, 425 μm, and a non-perforated bottom (< 425 μm). Were evaluated the sieve retention, purity, weight of a thousand seeds, germination, and first count of germination. Sieve classification is effective for the separation of materials according to the best physical and physiological qualities. E. grandis seeds from the 710 μm sieve, E. robusta from the 850 μm sieve, and E. urophylla from the 710 and 850 μm sieves can be selected for covering, as they present maximum physical and physiological quality. For the three species, the smallest materials, retained in the 500, 425, and bottom <425μm sieves, must be discarded due to low purity and germination potential.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83922252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0047
Daniele Cristina Pereira de Matos, F. C. Félix, Mônica Moreno Gabira, N. S. D. Aguiar, L. S. Walter, Alexandre Dal Forno Mastella, D. Kratz
The success of seedlings establishment for commercial planting and forest restoration depends on the availability of nutrients during seedlings production. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency in controlled-release fertilizer use in Cordyline spectabilis seedlings production and what is the additional cost per seedling produced. Seedling production was performed with doses of 0.0 (control); 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; 10.0 and 12.5 kg m-3 of Basacote® Plus 9M (16-08-12) controlled-release fertilizer added to the substrate. The experiment was placed in a greenhouse and we evaluated morphological parameters to determine seedlings growth. The dose of 10.7 kg m-3 provided a greater number of leaves (11.4) and leaf length (24.9 cm), higher values of shoot (4.64 g), root (2.32 g) and shoot root ratio (1.99) were obtained above 10.7 kg m-3 fertilizer. We recommend the use of 10.7 kg m-3 controlled-release fertilizer for seedlings production with an increase of R$ 0.05 per seedling produced.
商业种植和森林恢复的成功种苗取决于种苗生产过程中养分的可用性。目的是评价控释肥料在夏虫草育苗生产中的使用效率，以及每株育苗的额外成本。育苗剂量为0.0(对照);2.5;5.0;7.5;10.0和12.5 kg m-3 Basacote®Plus 9M(16-08-12)控释肥料添加到基材中。实验在温室中进行，我们通过评估形态参数来确定幼苗的生长情况。施用10.7 kg m-3时，叶片数(11.4)和叶长(24.9 cm)较多，茎部(4.64 g)、根(2.32 g)和茎根比(1.99)较高。我们建议幼苗生产使用10.7 kg m-3控释肥，每苗增产0.05雷亚尔。
{"title":"Controlled-release Fertilizer in Cordyline spectabilis Seedlings Production, a Potential Species of the Asparagaceae Family","authors":"Daniele Cristina Pereira de Matos, F. C. Félix, Mônica Moreno Gabira, N. S. D. Aguiar, L. S. Walter, Alexandre Dal Forno Mastella, D. Kratz","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0047","url":null,"abstract":"The success of seedlings establishment for commercial planting and forest restoration depends on the availability of nutrients during seedlings production. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency in controlled-release fertilizer use in Cordyline spectabilis seedlings production and what is the additional cost per seedling produced. Seedling production was performed with doses of 0.0 (control); 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; 10.0 and 12.5 kg m-3 of Basacote® Plus 9M (16-08-12) controlled-release fertilizer added to the substrate. The experiment was placed in a greenhouse and we evaluated morphological parameters to determine seedlings growth. The dose of 10.7 kg m-3 provided a greater number of leaves (11.4) and leaf length (24.9 cm), higher values of shoot (4.64 g), root (2.32 g) and shoot root ratio (1.99) were obtained above 10.7 kg m-3 fertilizer. We recommend the use of 10.7 kg m-3 controlled-release fertilizer for seedlings production with an increase of R$ 0.05 per seedling produced.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"48 84","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72538942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0053
Aghata Maria de Oliveira Silva, F. J. Freire, M. D. Barbosa, R. Ferreira, M. B. G. S. Freire, M. I. O. D. Silva, C. Borges, Danubia Ramos Moreira de Lima
This study aimed to evaluate decomposition and release of C and of N from the litter of forest Caatinga species in the humification phase, as well as to estimate the residence time of C and N. Litter decomposition of the species was evaluated in 2014/2015 in the municipality of Floresta, Pernambuco, Brazil, using a method of the litter bags at 270; 300; 330; and 360 day. Litter from species of the Fabaceae family presented different decomposition groups, suggesting that decomposition was more influenced by the C/N ratio than N concentration only. The N release was 6.25% greater than the release of C. C will remain in the litter for more time, while N will be almost totally released in approximately 1.14 years. The species litter decomposition were shared, suggesting that the nutrients cycling is fundamental in the preservation of the Caatinga, mainly due to the longer residence time of C.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0103
C. Bernardi, C. Busso, R. C. Borin, S. Mazaro, Roberto Sadao Sinabucro Saburo
Heliocarpus americanus is a fast-growing native tree, excellent for recovering degraded areas and its wood can be used as firewood or in the production of charcoal. For its use it is necessary identify the fungus will cause diseases. This work aimed to make the first report of the occurrence of the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica in seeds of H. americanus in Brazil. The fungus was detected in a batch of seeds collected from the native species. The fungus were analyzed by the Blotter test. Then, the fungus was isolated from the seeds and it characterized by morphology of colony and conidia and, molecular tests, what confirmed the identity of the pathogen. To conclude the study, the Koch’s postulates test was performed, where it was observed its transmission of seeds to H. americanus seedlings, elucidating the fungal damage in the seeds and later seedlings of this species. Keyworks: seeds forest, seeds phatolology, forest physiology 1Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFP), Agronomia, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil 2Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFP), Agronomia, Toledo, PR, Brasil Heliocarpus americanus L. is a dioecious native plant that is considered an excellent species for recovering degraded areas because of its rapid growth and economic value in producing wood that can be used as firewood and for charcoal production (Lorenzi, 1992). Thus, this species is a good option for cultivation. To produce healthy and good quality seedlings of this species, seeds with good physiological and sanitary properties should be used. Phytopathogenic fungi are the primary cause of diseases in plant species in forests and nurseries, and many of these fungi remain unidentified, making them difficult to control. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the occurrence of the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica in seeds of H. americanus in Brazil. In March 2017, seeds were collected directly from the native trees in Engenheiro Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil (23°47’49”S; 52°16’08”W). Sanitary quality surveys of the seeds (Silva et al., 2016) revealed that 40% of the samples had a fungal infection (Figure 1A). This incidence is significant given the risk of transporting phytopathogens associated with the seeds, which represents a mechanism for the spread of pathogens both locally and to new areas. The infected seeds were surface disinfected in 0.5% NaClO solution for 1 minute and then washed three times in sterile water. Subsequently, the seeds were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates and incubated at 24 ± 1°C with a photoperiod of 12 hours. The fungi were recovered on the 7th day of incubation. The fungal colonies exhibited filamentous black coloration, a flat raised surface, and filiform borders (Figure 1B). After 10 days of mycelial growth, black, spherical, and unicellular conidia with an average diameter of 18.7 μm (range, 15.5–22 μm) were identified under an optical microscope (Figure 1C). The conidia were present on the hyaline vesicles locat
美洲Heliocarpus americanus是一种快速生长的本地树木，非常适合恢复退化地区，其木材可以用作柴火或生产木炭。为了使用它，有必要确定真菌会引起疾病。本文首次报道了在巴西发现的美洲黑孢菌(Nigrospora sphaerica)。在一批从本地种采集的种子中检测到真菌。用Blotter法对真菌进行分析。然后，从种子中分离出真菌，对其菌落和分生孢子形态进行了鉴定，并进行了分子鉴定，证实了病原菌的身份。为了总结研究，进行了科赫假设测试，观察了它的种子传播到美洲美洲树幼苗，阐明了真菌对该物种种子和后来幼苗的损害。1Universidade Tecnológica Federal do paran (UTFP)， Agronomia, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil 2Universidade Tecnológica Federal do paran (UTFP)， Agronomia, Toledo, PR, Brasil Heliocarpus americanus L.是一种雌雄异株的本土植物，由于其快速生长和生产木材的经济价值，被认为是恢复退化地区的优秀物种，可以用作木柴和木炭生产(Lorenzi, 1992)。因此，这个品种是一个很好的栽培选择。为生产健康优质的本种幼苗，应选用生理卫生性能良好的种子。植物病原真菌是森林和苗圃中植物物种疾病的主要原因，其中许多真菌仍未被识别，使其难以控制。据我们所知，这是第一次报道在巴西美洲人种子中出现黑孢菌。2017年3月，直接从巴西巴拉南的Engenheiro beltr本地树木(23°47 ' 49 " S;52°16”08 W)。种子卫生质量调查(Silva等人，2016年)显示，40%的样本存在真菌感染(图1A)。考虑到与种子相关的植物病原体运输的风险，这种发病率是显著的，这代表了病原体在当地和新地区传播的机制。在0.5% NaClO溶液中表面消毒1分钟，然后在无菌水中洗涤3次。随后，将种子置于马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)板上，在24±1℃光周期下孵育12小时。在培养第7天恢复真菌。真菌菌落呈丝状黑色，表面平坦凸起，边缘呈丝状(图1B)。经过10天的菌丝生长，在光学显微镜下鉴定出黑色、球形和单细胞分生孢子，平均直径为18.7 μm(范围为15.5-22 μm)(图1C)。分生孢子位于短且分枝稀疏的分生孢子顶端的透明囊泡上，与Han等人(2019)描述的相似。根据这些形态特征，我们确定这些菌落为N. sphaerica (Sacc.)。已经梅森。为了进行分子鉴定，我们直接提取真菌DNA
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