Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0049
Y. Lopes, L. F. C. Chaves, F.B.F. Souza, J. W. D. L. Pereira, R. R. C. Carvalho, J. L. S. C. Carvalho Filho
The subjugation of global ecosystems by human beings has increased the rates of extinction, threatening not just the well-being of people, but also affecting the natural ecosystems services (Johnson et al., 2017). In Brazil, several forest ecosystems are degraded as a result from the anthropic activities. For this reason, restoring and expanding these environments turned into an important task, which is beneficial for biodiversity, climate, water quality, as well as for providing other ecosystem services (Bright et al., 2017; Houghton & Nassikas, 2018). Due to the forest restoration expansion and the increasing demand for seedlings production, studies focused on the ecophysiology of seed germination in native forest species are on the rise due to their environmental and economic potential use. Moreover, it contributes to the rational exploitation and use of these species (Rodrigues Filho et al., 2019; Santos et al., 2019; Oliveira et al., 2020a). Among the species that may be used on forest restoration is Colubrina glandulosa Perkins (Rhamnaceae). This native species is a pioneer that occurs from the eastern coast of Brazil to Paraguay and Peru. It grows quickly, facilitating the establishment of other species that require shading areas, thus being important for the ecological succession. In addition, it has a huge using potential in carbon compensation projects and its seeds present physical dormancy, which allows them to remain inactive in the seed bank, an important strategy for the population dynamics (Silva et al., 2015; Marcos Filho, 2015; Camara et al., 2017; Morais Júnior et al., 2018; Melo Júnior et al., 2018). However, there is no methodology available in the Rules for Seed Analysis (Brasil, 2009) that determines procedures to be applied for germination tests in this species (Melo Júnior et al., 2018). Abstract This study aimed to define a methodology that, when combined with temperature, can overcome the dormancy and also to determine the adequate substrate and light conditions for germination of Colubrina glandulosa Perkins, contributing to seed analysis and restoration projects. In the experiment of dormancy and temperature, seeds were immersed in sulfuric acid for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes and set to germinate at temperatures of 20-30 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C. The used substrates were sand, vermiculite, Tropstrato® substrate, coconut powder, blotting paper and paper towel. As for the light supplied, the seeds were subjected to four luminosity regimes: white light, far-red light, red light and light absence. Temperatures of 20-30 °C and 30 °C achieved better results, with exposure in sulfuric acid for 120 and 150 minutes. The substrates sand and vermiculite were the most suitable. The species germinated in all light regimes treatments used.
人类对全球生态系统的征服增加了物种灭绝的速度，不仅威胁到人类的福祉，也影响到自然生态系统的服务(Johnson et al.， 2017)。在巴西，一些森林生态系统由于人类活动而退化。因此，恢复和扩大这些环境成为一项重要任务，这有利于生物多样性，气候，水质以及提供其他生态系统服务(Bright et al.， 2017;霍顿和纳西卡斯，2018)。随着森林恢复的扩大和对幼苗生产需求的增加，原生森林物种种子萌发的生态生理研究越来越多，因为它们具有潜在的环境和经济价值。此外，它有助于这些物种的合理开发和利用(Rodrigues Filho et al.， 2019;Santos等人，2019;Oliveira et al.， 2020a)。其中可能用于森林恢复的物种是鼠李科(Rhamnaceae)的Colubrina glandulosa Perkins。这种本地物种是从巴西东海岸到巴拉圭和秘鲁的先驱。它生长迅速，有利于其他需要遮阳区域的物种的建立，因此对生态演替很重要。此外，它在碳补偿项目中具有巨大的利用潜力，其种子存在物理休眠，这使得它们在种子库中保持不活跃，这是种群动态的重要策略(Silva等人，2015;马科斯·菲略，2015;Camara et al.， 2017;Morais Júnior et al.， 2018;Melo Júnior et al.， 2018)。然而，在《种子分析规则》(巴西，2009年)中没有可用的方法来确定该物种发芽试验的应用程序(Melo Júnior et al.， 2018)。摘要:本研究旨在确定一种方法，当温度与休眠相结合时，可以克服休眠，并确定合适的萌发基质和光照条件，为种子分析和恢复项目提供依据。在休眠和温度实验中，种子在硫酸中浸泡30、60、90、120和150分钟，并在20-30℃、25℃和30℃的温度下发芽。所用底物为沙子、蛭石、Tropstrato®底物、椰子粉、吸墨纸和纸巾。至于提供的光，种子受到四种光度制度:白光，远红光，红光和无光。20-30°C和30°C的温度下，在硫酸中暴露120和150分钟，效果更好。基质砂和蛭石是最合适的基质。该物种在所有光照条件下都能发芽。
{"title":"Dormancy Breaking and the Influence of Temperature, Substrate and Light on Germination of Colubrina glandulosa Seeds","authors":"Y. Lopes, L. F. C. Chaves, F.B.F. Souza, J. W. D. L. Pereira, R. R. C. Carvalho, J. L. S. C. Carvalho Filho","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0049","url":null,"abstract":"The subjugation of global ecosystems by human beings has increased the rates of extinction, threatening not just the well-being of people, but also affecting the natural ecosystems services (Johnson et al., 2017). In Brazil, several forest ecosystems are degraded as a result from the anthropic activities. For this reason, restoring and expanding these environments turned into an important task, which is beneficial for biodiversity, climate, water quality, as well as for providing other ecosystem services (Bright et al., 2017; Houghton & Nassikas, 2018). Due to the forest restoration expansion and the increasing demand for seedlings production, studies focused on the ecophysiology of seed germination in native forest species are on the rise due to their environmental and economic potential use. Moreover, it contributes to the rational exploitation and use of these species (Rodrigues Filho et al., 2019; Santos et al., 2019; Oliveira et al., 2020a). Among the species that may be used on forest restoration is Colubrina glandulosa Perkins (Rhamnaceae). This native species is a pioneer that occurs from the eastern coast of Brazil to Paraguay and Peru. It grows quickly, facilitating the establishment of other species that require shading areas, thus being important for the ecological succession. In addition, it has a huge using potential in carbon compensation projects and its seeds present physical dormancy, which allows them to remain inactive in the seed bank, an important strategy for the population dynamics (Silva et al., 2015; Marcos Filho, 2015; Camara et al., 2017; Morais Júnior et al., 2018; Melo Júnior et al., 2018). However, there is no methodology available in the Rules for Seed Analysis (Brasil, 2009) that determines procedures to be applied for germination tests in this species (Melo Júnior et al., 2018). Abstract This study aimed to define a methodology that, when combined with temperature, can overcome the dormancy and also to determine the adequate substrate and light conditions for germination of Colubrina glandulosa Perkins, contributing to seed analysis and restoration projects. In the experiment of dormancy and temperature, seeds were immersed in sulfuric acid for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes and set to germinate at temperatures of 20-30 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C. The used substrates were sand, vermiculite, Tropstrato® substrate, coconut powder, blotting paper and paper towel. As for the light supplied, the seeds were subjected to four luminosity regimes: white light, far-red light, red light and light absence. Temperatures of 20-30 °C and 30 °C achieved better results, with exposure in sulfuric acid for 120 and 150 minutes. The substrates sand and vermiculite were the most suitable. The species germinated in all light regimes treatments used.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77586097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0112
Maria Isabel Higuita Aguirre, J. D. L. Peláez, N. Osorio, G. Correa
1Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia 2Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Restauración Ecológica de Tierras Degradadas en el Trópico, Medellín, Colombia 3Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Faculdad de Ciencias, Medellín, Colombia 4Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas, Medellín, Colombia Abstract Tabebuia rosea is a native tropical tree species with high potential of implementation in commercial reforestation and ecological restoration. We studied the effect of the suppression of essential nutrients on the growth of T. rosea in the nursery. The design was completely randomized with ten treatments: one that included full fertilization, another without fertilization, and the others with the suppression of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, and cationic microelements. Biometric variables (height, stem diameter, shoot dry weight, root dry weight) and functional traits (leaf area and relative growth rate) were evaluated. Phosphorus was the most limiting element. On the contrary, the suppression of Ca generated plants with growth and development similar to those of the FF treatment. Our results confirmed the importance of knowing the particular nutritional needs of individual species, which is to support nursery fertilization practices that produce highly vigorous and quality plants.
1所德塞代哥伦比亚麦德林,麦德林,哥伦比亚2所de哥伦比亚塞代麦德林,Grupo de Investigacion en Restauracion Ecologica de tierra Degradadas en el Tropico麦德林,哥伦比亚3所德塞代哥伦比亚麦德林Faculdad de Ciencias麦德林,哥伦比亚4所德塞代哥伦比亚麦德林Departamento de Ciencias Agronomicas,麦德林,摘要玫瑰树(Tabebuia rosea)是一种具有很高商业再造林和生态恢复潜力的热带原生树种。在苗圃中研究了抑制必需养分对玫瑰玫瑰生长的影响。该设计完全随机化，共设10个处理:1个处理为全施肥，1个处理为不施肥，3个处理为抑制N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、B和阳离子微量元素。对生物特征变量(株高、茎粗、茎干重、根干重)和功能性状(叶面积和相对生长率)进行评价。磷是最具限制性的元素。相反，Ca的抑制使植株的生长发育与FF处理相似。我们的研究结果证实了了解单个物种的特殊营养需求的重要性，这是支持苗圃施肥实践，生产出高活力和高质量的植物。
{"title":"Effects of Nutrient Deprivation on the Growth and Development of Tabebuia rosea Seedlings","authors":"Maria Isabel Higuita Aguirre, J. D. L. Peláez, N. Osorio, G. Correa","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0112","url":null,"abstract":"1Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia 2Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Restauración Ecológica de Tierras Degradadas en el Trópico, Medellín, Colombia 3Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Faculdad de Ciencias, Medellín, Colombia 4Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas, Medellín, Colombia Abstract Tabebuia rosea is a native tropical tree species with high potential of implementation in commercial reforestation and ecological restoration. We studied the effect of the suppression of essential nutrients on the growth of T. rosea in the nursery. The design was completely randomized with ten treatments: one that included full fertilization, another without fertilization, and the others with the suppression of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, and cationic microelements. Biometric variables (height, stem diameter, shoot dry weight, root dry weight) and functional traits (leaf area and relative growth rate) were evaluated. Phosphorus was the most limiting element. On the contrary, the suppression of Ca generated plants with growth and development similar to those of the FF treatment. Our results confirmed the importance of knowing the particular nutritional needs of individual species, which is to support nursery fertilization practices that produce highly vigorous and quality plants.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84644181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0068
Maira Rodrigues Diniz, Albeane Guimarães Silva, L. Carreira, Eduardo Bezerra de Almeida Jr., M. Rêgo
The study aimed to analyze the honey of Melipona subnitida to identify the plants visited by these bees in colonies installed in a restinga vegetation in Maranhão state. Honey was collected monthly from July/2017 to June/2018. The honey samples were submitted to the acetolysis method and the pollen grains were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The pollen analysis of honey resulted in 54 pollen types and 26 families. The largest pollen variety was registered in Fabaceae. Quantitative analyzes of pollen grains in honey samples revealed that three were monofloral, in July/2017 with Avicennia germinans honey and December/2017 and January/2018 with Copaifera martii honey. In the other months, the heterofloral honeys. Melipona subnitida proved to be general in food gathering. Knowing the flora used by M. subnita contributes to the meliponiculturists to improve the handling of the colonies, the increase and quality in the production of honey.
{"title":"Pollen Spectrum of Honey from the Bee Melipona subnitida Ducke (1910) in Restinga in Maranhão State","authors":"Maira Rodrigues Diniz, Albeane Guimarães Silva, L. Carreira, Eduardo Bezerra de Almeida Jr., M. Rêgo","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0068","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to analyze the honey of Melipona subnitida to identify the plants visited by these bees in colonies installed in a restinga vegetation in Maranhão state. Honey was collected monthly from July/2017 to June/2018. The honey samples were submitted to the acetolysis method and the pollen grains were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The pollen analysis of honey resulted in 54 pollen types and 26 families. The largest pollen variety was registered in Fabaceae. Quantitative analyzes of pollen grains in honey samples revealed that three were monofloral, in July/2017 with Avicennia germinans honey and December/2017 and January/2018 with Copaifera martii honey. In the other months, the heterofloral honeys. Melipona subnitida proved to be general in food gathering. Knowing the flora used by M. subnita contributes to the meliponiculturists to improve the handling of the colonies, the increase and quality in the production of honey.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91278846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0059
Fernanda Leite Cunha, E. Nieri, L. A. Melo, Evandro Nunes Miranda, T. J. Fernandes, Nelson Venturin
Fertilization in the seedling production phase is essential to form quality seedlings. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriate doses of two slow-release fertilizers (SRF1 and SRF2) and their nutrient leaching behavior. For this, five different doses of fertilizers were tested. 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kg m-3. The height, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot dry mass, root system dry mass, total dry mass, and the Dickson Quality Index were measured, and for each variable the maximum dose of technical efficiency was determined. In addition, was evaluated the electrical conductivity, over time, for determinate the leaching of the nutrients. All the variables had satisfactory growth for field planting. However, the SRF2 resulted in greater seedling growth and also experienced less nutrient loss by leaching, when compared with the SRF1. The both fertilizers could be utilized to seedlings production, at doses of 4.00 kg m-3.
育苗期施肥是形成优质苗的关键。因此，本研究的目的是评价两种缓释肥料(SRF1和SRF2)的适宜剂量及其养分淋失行为。为此，测试了五种不同剂量的肥料。0 2 4 6和8千克m-3。测定其株高、茎粗、叶面积、茎干质量、根系干质量、总干质量和Dickson质量指数，并确定各变量的最大技术效率剂量。此外，还评估了电导率，随着时间的推移，以确定养分的浸出。在大田种植条件下，各指标均有良好的生长。然而，与SRF1相比，SRF2的幼苗生长更快，而且淋失的养分也更少。两种肥料均可用于育苗，用量为4.00 kg m-3。
{"title":"Efficiency of Slow Release Fertilizers in The Production of Eucalyptus Grandis Seedlings","authors":"Fernanda Leite Cunha, E. Nieri, L. A. Melo, Evandro Nunes Miranda, T. J. Fernandes, Nelson Venturin","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0059","url":null,"abstract":"Fertilization in the seedling production phase is essential to form quality seedlings. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriate doses of two slow-release fertilizers (SRF1 and SRF2) and their nutrient leaching behavior. For this, five different doses of fertilizers were tested. 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kg m-3. The height, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot dry mass, root system dry mass, total dry mass, and the Dickson Quality Index were measured, and for each variable the maximum dose of technical efficiency was determined. In addition, was evaluated the electrical conductivity, over time, for determinate the leaching of the nutrients. All the variables had satisfactory growth for field planting. However, the SRF2 resulted in greater seedling growth and also experienced less nutrient loss by leaching, when compared with the SRF1. The both fertilizers could be utilized to seedlings production, at doses of 4.00 kg m-3.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80339987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0027
Azenate Campos Gomes, F. Andrade, A. V. D. Lacerda, R. O. Macêdo
The correlation between biological and ecological parameters is essential for the sustainable use of species. This study aimed to assess the relationship between phenological intensity and tannin production in Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D.Penn. in environments with different precipitation regimes. The tannin production and phenological characterization were assessed through the intensity and synchrony of leaves, flower buds, flowers, and fruits in specimens from two microregions of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. The specimens in the municipality of Sumé were not synchronous and fruiting is the least synchronous phenophase, with an index of only 0.17. The specimens in São João do Cariri had synchronization of 0.77, 0.82, and 0.92 for flower bud, flowering, and fruiting phenophases, respectively. The correlation and factorial clustering showed that fruiting has a correlation of -0.75 with the production of tannins, suggesting that low intensity of annual fruiting is necessary for higher tannin production.
生物和生态参数之间的相互关系对物种的可持续利用至关重要。摘要本研究旨在探讨黑穗兰(Sideroxylon obtusiolium)的物候强度与单宁产量的关系。& Schult)。T.D.Penn。在不同的降水环境中。通过对巴西东北部Paraíba两个微区标本的叶片、花蕾、花和果实的强度和同年性，评估了单宁的产生和物候特征。苏州市的标本不同步，结果期是最不同步的物候期，指数仅为0.17。 o jo o do Cariri标本花蕾、花期和果期的同常性分别为0.77、0.82和0.92。相关分析和析因聚类分析表明，结果与单宁产量的相关性为-0.75，表明低强度的年结果是单宁产量高的必要条件。
{"title":"Contributions of Annual Phenological Intensity to the Production of Tannins in Sideroxylon obtusifolium in Brazilian Semi-arid","authors":"Azenate Campos Gomes, F. Andrade, A. V. D. Lacerda, R. O. Macêdo","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0027","url":null,"abstract":"The correlation between biological and ecological parameters is essential for the sustainable use of species. This study aimed to assess the relationship between phenological intensity and tannin production in Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D.Penn. in environments with different precipitation regimes. The tannin production and phenological characterization were assessed through the intensity and synchrony of leaves, flower buds, flowers, and fruits in specimens from two microregions of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. The specimens in the municipality of Sumé were not synchronous and fruiting is the least synchronous phenophase, with an index of only 0.17. The specimens in São João do Cariri had synchronization of 0.77, 0.82, and 0.92 for flower bud, flowering, and fruiting phenophases, respectively. The correlation and factorial clustering showed that fruiting has a correlation of -0.75 with the production of tannins, suggesting that low intensity of annual fruiting is necessary for higher tannin production.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82493011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0044
Flávio Sarmento de Oliveira, Josinaldo Lopes Araújo Rocha, J. D. M. Alves, L. C. D. Santos, E. F. Mesquita
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of nutrient omission on the growth and phytomass production of three tree species native to the Caatinga biome cultivated in degraded Chromic Luvisol samples, under greenhouse conditions. The experiments were conducted from april to june 2015. Three experiments were set up corresponding to three tree species [Myracrodruon urundeuva (Allemão), Caesalpinia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.), and Amburana cearensis (AC Smith)], in a completely randomized design with eight treatments referring to the addition or not of nutrients to the soil and four replications. The results revealed that Fe and Zn supply was essential for the initial establishment of M. urundeuva and A. cearensis in Chromic Luvisols. For C. ferrea, which has a higher growth rate, fertilization with N, P, and S sources is necessary in addition to Fe and Zn in order to increase its establishment potential in these areas.
{"title":"Nutrient Reduction in the Initial Growth of Caatinga Tree Species","authors":"Flávio Sarmento de Oliveira, Josinaldo Lopes Araújo Rocha, J. D. M. Alves, L. C. D. Santos, E. F. Mesquita","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0044","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the influence of nutrient omission on the growth and phytomass production of three tree species native to the Caatinga biome cultivated in degraded Chromic Luvisol samples, under greenhouse conditions. The experiments were conducted from april to june 2015. Three experiments were set up corresponding to three tree species [Myracrodruon urundeuva (Allemão), Caesalpinia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.), and Amburana cearensis (AC Smith)], in a completely randomized design with eight treatments referring to the addition or not of nutrients to the soil and four replications. The results revealed that Fe and Zn supply was essential for the initial establishment of M. urundeuva and A. cearensis in Chromic Luvisols. For C. ferrea, which has a higher growth rate, fertilization with N, P, and S sources is necessary in addition to Fe and Zn in order to increase its establishment potential in these areas.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90381315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0012
T. Monteiro, J. Lima, Raul de Abreu Neto, C. A. Ferreira
Aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the biometrics of vessel-ray pits (RVP) and intervessel pits (IVP) with the water flow in different axes of Corymbia citriodora wood. C. citriodora wood specimens were used to correlate RVP and IVP dimensions with free water (FWFR), adsorbed (AWFR) and total (TWFR) flow. Correlations were made for three wood axes. Larger diameters of RVP facilitated FWFR, AWFR and TWFR in axial and tangential axis, however reduced permeability in radial direction of wood. Larger openings of IVPs reduced FWFR, AWFR and TWFR in axial axis of wood. Larger IVPs openings allowed higher FWFR and TWFR in wood radial and tangential directions, however, concomitantly reduced AWR. Effect of diameter of RVP and IVP on wood permeability should be evaluated for each axis. Thus, the opening of the C. citriodora wood pits can interfere in its permeability and consequently in its processing. pits affected the permeability to the wood liquid. Consequently, these results are related to the drying of lumber, logs and chips, as well as being important in the impregnation with chemical reagents for the wood preservation and pulp.
{"title":"Importance of Pits in Corymbia Citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson (Myrtaceae) Wood Permeability","authors":"T. Monteiro, J. Lima, Raul de Abreu Neto, C. A. Ferreira","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the biometrics of vessel-ray pits (RVP) and intervessel pits (IVP) with the water flow in different axes of Corymbia citriodora wood. C. citriodora wood specimens were used to correlate RVP and IVP dimensions with free water (FWFR), adsorbed (AWFR) and total (TWFR) flow. Correlations were made for three wood axes. Larger diameters of RVP facilitated FWFR, AWFR and TWFR in axial and tangential axis, however reduced permeability in radial direction of wood. Larger openings of IVPs reduced FWFR, AWFR and TWFR in axial axis of wood. Larger IVPs openings allowed higher FWFR and TWFR in wood radial and tangential directions, however, concomitantly reduced AWR. Effect of diameter of RVP and IVP on wood permeability should be evaluated for each axis. Thus, the opening of the C. citriodora wood pits can interfere in its permeability and consequently in its processing. pits affected the permeability to the wood liquid. Consequently, these results are related to the drying of lumber, logs and chips, as well as being important in the impregnation with chemical reagents for the wood preservation and pulp.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81810465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0052
Raíssa Nascimento dos Santos, Wilbert Valkinir Cabreira, M. G. Pereira, Rodrigo Camara de Souza, Sandra Santana de Lima, Marco Aurelio Passos Louzada, Gilsonley Lopes dos Santos, Ana Caroline Rodrigues da Silva
The study evaluated the ecology of soil invertebrate faunal communities in periodically flooded forest (CF) fragments and anthropic fields (AF) in the Atlantic Forest. The sampling occurred in the rainy and dry seasons using pitfall traps. We estimated the total activity, richness, diversity, and evenness as well as the activity of the taxonomic and functional groups. Total activity and richness varied as a function of seasonality. Entomobryomorpha, Poduromorpha, and Symphypleona were the most representative taxonomic groups. Enchytraeidae and Blattaria were exclusive to CF. Auchenorrhyncha, Chilopoda, Heteroptera, and Thysanoptera were exclusive to AF. The functional group of microphagous/saprophagous (M/S) showed the highest activity, independent of the environment and season. Greater dissimilarity was observed among the invertebrate fauna in AF when compared to CF. Periodically flooded areas favored groups from the saprophagous trophic guild, while AF areas favored predator and herbivore groups. Soil fauna present in forest environments presented less seasonal variability.
{"title":"Community Ecology of Soil Fauna Under Periodically Flooded Forest and Anthropic Fields","authors":"Raíssa Nascimento dos Santos, Wilbert Valkinir Cabreira, M. G. Pereira, Rodrigo Camara de Souza, Sandra Santana de Lima, Marco Aurelio Passos Louzada, Gilsonley Lopes dos Santos, Ana Caroline Rodrigues da Silva","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0052","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated the ecology of soil invertebrate faunal communities in periodically flooded forest (CF) fragments and anthropic fields (AF) in the Atlantic Forest. The sampling occurred in the rainy and dry seasons using pitfall traps. We estimated the total activity, richness, diversity, and evenness as well as the activity of the taxonomic and functional groups. Total activity and richness varied as a function of seasonality. Entomobryomorpha, Poduromorpha, and Symphypleona were the most representative taxonomic groups. Enchytraeidae and Blattaria were exclusive to CF. Auchenorrhyncha, Chilopoda, Heteroptera, and Thysanoptera were exclusive to AF. The functional group of microphagous/saprophagous (M/S) showed the highest activity, independent of the environment and season. Greater dissimilarity was observed among the invertebrate fauna in AF when compared to CF. Periodically flooded areas favored groups from the saprophagous trophic guild, while AF areas favored predator and herbivore groups. Soil fauna present in forest environments presented less seasonal variability.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87257338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0004
L. C. D. S. Saracho, N. M. Lima, C. C. Santos, S. P. Q. Scalon, M. C. Vieira
The aim this study was to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) in Schinus terebinthifolia seedlings subjected to irrigation intervals. The experiment was performed by 78 days, under four irrigation intervals: 0, 4, 8, and 12 days, in combination with four concentrations SA: 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg L-1. The irrigation was individually maintaining water retention capacity of 100%, under each irrigation intervals. The maximum height across the irrigation intervals was 24.74 cm at 7-days intervals, and 24.31 cm with 200 mg L-1 of SA. The largest leaf areas were 116.03 cm2 at 12-day interval and 123.71 cm2 with 200 mg L-1 of SA. The highest production of dry masses of leaves, stem and roots was without and 12-days intervals, both with 200 mg L-1 of SA. Exogenous application of 200 mg L-1 of SA contributed on increased growth in S. terebinthifolia seedlings subjected to 12-days irrigation interval.
{"title":"Salicylic Acid Increases Growth of Schinus terebinthifolia Seedlings Subjected to Varyng Irrigation Intervals","authors":"L. C. D. S. Saracho, N. M. Lima, C. C. Santos, S. P. Q. Scalon, M. C. Vieira","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"The aim this study was to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) in Schinus terebinthifolia seedlings subjected to irrigation intervals. The experiment was performed by 78 days, under four irrigation intervals: 0, 4, 8, and 12 days, in combination with four concentrations SA: 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg L-1. The irrigation was individually maintaining water retention capacity of 100%, under each irrigation intervals. The maximum height across the irrigation intervals was 24.74 cm at 7-days intervals, and 24.31 cm with 200 mg L-1 of SA. The largest leaf areas were 116.03 cm2 at 12-day interval and 123.71 cm2 with 200 mg L-1 of SA. The highest production of dry masses of leaves, stem and roots was without and 12-days intervals, both with 200 mg L-1 of SA. Exogenous application of 200 mg L-1 of SA contributed on increased growth in S. terebinthifolia seedlings subjected to 12-days irrigation interval.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87759766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0081
A. C. Ferraz Filho, A. Ribeiro, G. Bouka, Milton Frank Júnior, G. Terra
Planning and achieving sustainable forest resource management provides a fundamental contribution to reduce societies’ environmental impacts, and enhances the supply of forest products (FAO, 2019). In this sense, one genus that has gained interest among Brazilian foresters is Khaya, which contains all the species commonly known as African mahogany. This genus includes some of the highest-value timber species in African forests, which are under heavy exploitation pressure and listed as vulnerable by the IUCN (Pakull et al., 2019). African mahogany wood from native African forests is consolidated in the international timber trade, being employed for several high-end applications, such as furniture, sawnwood and veneers. While the majority of the commercially traded wood is originated from native African forests (ITTO, 2021), small scale use of wood from Brazilian plantations from few older plantations (circa 20 years old) as well as from thinning (circa 8 to 12 years old) have recently been applied with success for several uses, such as sawnwood, veneer faces, designer furniture and musical instruments (Ribeiro et al. 2019). According to Ribeiro et al. (2017), the history of African mahogany in Brazil began in the 70’s, when a researcher from Embrapa Amazônia Oriental received seeds from government officials from the Ivory Coast. These seeds were planted in Embrapa’s headquarters in Belém, Pará. Currently four of these trees still exist (from here on referred to as genotype trees), three of them individuals of excellent form and size. In the 90’s these trees began producing seeds, which were used to produce seedlings stock for new plantations, mainly in the North region. It was determined at this time that these trees belonged to the species K. ivorensis A. Chev. After these plantations started producing seeds, the plantation area of African mahogany expanded beyond the North to the other regions of Brazil, facilitated by the availability of seed lot and cloning techniques (e.g. Barroso et al., 2018) for seedling production. Although other African mahogany genetic material was imported from Africa during this time, the genotype trees and its descendants where the main provider of genetic material of most African mahogany plantations in Brazil, excluding K. senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. The fact that the genotype trees were incorrectly identified as K. ivorensis was raised in 2013, by comparing material from plantations with exemplars from the experimental plots of the Reserva Natural da Vale (RNV), located in the municipality of Abstract African mahogany is the common name of species from the Khaya genus and yields high value timber. It is planted in monocultures and agrosilvipastoral systems in Brazil since the 90’s. Here we relate the taxonomic identification of the most planted African mahogany species in Brazil, changing from Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. to K. grandifoliola C. DC. Currently we estimate there is circa 50 thousand hectares of plantat
规划和实现可持续森林资源管理为减少社会对环境的影响和增加林产品供应做出了根本性贡献(粮农组织，2019年)。从这个意义上说，一个引起巴西林业人员兴趣的属是Khaya，它包含了所有通常被称为非洲桃花心木的物种。该属包括非洲森林中一些价值最高的木材物种，这些物种面临着严重的开发压力，被世界自然保护联盟列为脆弱物种(Pakull等人，2019)。来自非洲本土森林的非洲红木在国际木材贸易中得到巩固，被用于若干高端应用，例如家具、锯木和饰面。虽然大多数商业交易的木材来自非洲本土森林(国际木材贸易组织，2021年)，但最近已经成功地将来自巴西种植园的少数老种植园(约20年)以及间伐(约8至12年)的木材小规模用于几种用途，如锯木、饰面、设计师家具和乐器(Ribeiro等，2019年)。根据Ribeiro等人(2017)的说法，巴西非洲红木的历史始于20世纪70年代，当时Embrapa Amazônia Oriental的一名研究人员从科特迪瓦政府官员那里收到了种子。这些种子被种植在巴西农业研究公司位于帕尔贝尔萨姆的总部。目前有四棵这样的树仍然存在(从这里开始被称为基因型树)，其中三棵个体的形状和大小都很好。在90年代，这些树开始产生种子，这些种子被用来为新的种植园生产幼苗，主要是在北部地区。当时确定这些树属于K. ivorensis A. Chev。在这些种植园开始生产种子后，非洲红木的种植面积从北部扩展到巴西的其他地区，这得益于种子批和克隆技术的可用性(例如Barroso等人，2018年)，可用于生产幼苗。尽管在此期间从非洲输入了其他非洲红木遗传物质，但基因型树及其后代是巴西大多数非洲红木种植园遗传物质的主要提供者，塞内加尔红木(K. senegalensis)除外。答:法律原则。基因型树被错误地识别为K. ivorensis的事实是在2013年提出的，通过将种植园的材料与reserve Natural da Vale (RNV)试验地的样品进行比较，该试验地位于Abstract非洲红木是Khaya属物种的通用名称，并产生高价值木材。自20世纪90年代以来，它在巴西的单一栽培和农林牧区系统中种植。本文介绍了在巴西种植最多的非洲桃花心木的分类鉴定，从Khaya ivorensis A. Chev。到大花梗。目前，我们估计巴西有大约5万公顷的人工林，其中一半集中在东南部地区，种植最多的树种是大叶菊，其次是塞内加尔叶菊。答:法律原则。
{"title":"African Mahogany Plantation Highlights in Brazil","authors":"A. C. Ferraz Filho, A. Ribeiro, G. Bouka, Milton Frank Júnior, G. Terra","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0081","url":null,"abstract":"Planning and achieving sustainable forest resource management provides a fundamental contribution to reduce societies’ environmental impacts, and enhances the supply of forest products (FAO, 2019). In this sense, one genus that has gained interest among Brazilian foresters is Khaya, which contains all the species commonly known as African mahogany. This genus includes some of the highest-value timber species in African forests, which are under heavy exploitation pressure and listed as vulnerable by the IUCN (Pakull et al., 2019). African mahogany wood from native African forests is consolidated in the international timber trade, being employed for several high-end applications, such as furniture, sawnwood and veneers. While the majority of the commercially traded wood is originated from native African forests (ITTO, 2021), small scale use of wood from Brazilian plantations from few older plantations (circa 20 years old) as well as from thinning (circa 8 to 12 years old) have recently been applied with success for several uses, such as sawnwood, veneer faces, designer furniture and musical instruments (Ribeiro et al. 2019). According to Ribeiro et al. (2017), the history of African mahogany in Brazil began in the 70’s, when a researcher from Embrapa Amazônia Oriental received seeds from government officials from the Ivory Coast. These seeds were planted in Embrapa’s headquarters in Belém, Pará. Currently four of these trees still exist (from here on referred to as genotype trees), three of them individuals of excellent form and size. In the 90’s these trees began producing seeds, which were used to produce seedlings stock for new plantations, mainly in the North region. It was determined at this time that these trees belonged to the species K. ivorensis A. Chev. After these plantations started producing seeds, the plantation area of African mahogany expanded beyond the North to the other regions of Brazil, facilitated by the availability of seed lot and cloning techniques (e.g. Barroso et al., 2018) for seedling production. Although other African mahogany genetic material was imported from Africa during this time, the genotype trees and its descendants where the main provider of genetic material of most African mahogany plantations in Brazil, excluding K. senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. The fact that the genotype trees were incorrectly identified as K. ivorensis was raised in 2013, by comparing material from plantations with exemplars from the experimental plots of the Reserva Natural da Vale (RNV), located in the municipality of Abstract African mahogany is the common name of species from the Khaya genus and yields high value timber. It is planted in monocultures and agrosilvipastoral systems in Brazil since the 90’s. Here we relate the taxonomic identification of the most planted African mahogany species in Brazil, changing from Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. to K. grandifoliola C. DC. Currently we estimate there is circa 50 thousand hectares of plantat","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88077359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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