Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0101
Flávia Maria Silva Brito, B. A. Silva, Iara Marques de Carvalho, Sofia Baldoni Baúti, L. Mendes, J. B. Guimarães Júnior
Peanut crop waste (hulls), which have a chemical composition similar to wood, can be considered as a source of industrial raw material for the production of particleboard, provided that they are of similar quality to wooden panels. The present study aimed to produce and evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of medium density particleboards made of peanut hulls and pine wood particles bonded with urea-formaldehyde adhesive. The panels did not present satisfactory dimensional stability. The mechanical properties were significantly reduced with the addition of peanut hulls. In general, peanut hulls did not represent a good alternative to be used as a source of raw material for the production of particleboard. The inclusion of new parameters in the production process would be essential to improve the technological properties, such as: new particle geometries, use of paraffin, particle treatments and inclusion of denser species in the composition of the panels.
{"title":"Technological Properties of Medium Density Particleboards Produced with Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea) and Pinus Oocarpa Hulls","authors":"Flávia Maria Silva Brito, B. A. Silva, Iara Marques de Carvalho, Sofia Baldoni Baúti, L. Mendes, J. B. Guimarães Júnior","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0101","url":null,"abstract":"Peanut crop waste (hulls), which have a chemical composition similar to wood, can be considered as a source of industrial raw material for the production of particleboard, provided that they are of similar quality to wooden panels. The present study aimed to produce and evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of medium density particleboards made of peanut hulls and pine wood particles bonded with urea-formaldehyde adhesive. The panels did not present satisfactory dimensional stability. The mechanical properties were significantly reduced with the addition of peanut hulls. In general, peanut hulls did not represent a good alternative to be used as a source of raw material for the production of particleboard. The inclusion of new parameters in the production process would be essential to improve the technological properties, such as: new particle geometries, use of paraffin, particle treatments and inclusion of denser species in the composition of the panels.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79544481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0012
K. Vedernikov, E. Zagrebin, I. Bukharina, P. Kuzmin
The process of forest death covers the entire boreal zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Due to the deterioration of the sanitary condition of forest areas, harmful organisms are becoming more active, where the most dangerous pest is Ips typographus. The aim of the work was to study the chemical structure of spruce wood in samples of various living conditions in the zones of active reproduction of bark beetles.The research studies the biochemical composition of Píceao bovata wood within the places of Ips typographus development (bythe example of the Udmurt Republic). The research was carried out within the European part of the Russian Federation, the Udmurt Republic region. The republic area is 42 thousand km2. A total of 15 sample plots were laid out and more than 8,000 trees were analyzed. It was revealed that in the subtaiga zone, the processes of death of spruce stands are observed.
{"title":"Influence of the Biological and Chemical Structure of Spruce Wood on Xylophage Infestation","authors":"K. Vedernikov, E. Zagrebin, I. Bukharina, P. Kuzmin","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"The process of forest death covers the entire boreal zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Due to the deterioration of the sanitary condition of forest areas, harmful organisms are becoming more active, where the most dangerous pest is Ips typographus. The aim of the work was to study the chemical structure of spruce wood in samples of various living conditions in the zones of active reproduction of bark beetles.The research studies the biochemical composition of Píceao bovata wood within the places of Ips typographus development (bythe example of the Udmurt Republic). The research was carried out within the European part of the Russian Federation, the Udmurt Republic region. The republic area is 42 thousand km2. A total of 15 sample plots were laid out and more than 8,000 trees were analyzed. It was revealed that in the subtaiga zone, the processes of death of spruce stands are observed.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76509977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0025
Aline das Graças Costa, F. T. P. Torres, G. S. Lima, F. R. Melo, V. B. Rodrigues, Vicente Paulo Santana Neto, T. V. Fernandes
The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of fire on ant assemblages in savanna and forest typologies in the Reserva Natural da Serra do Tombador in Cavalcante – Goiás, Brazil. Ant pitfalls traps were installed and subdivided into Burnt Cerrado (BC), Unburnt Cerrado (UC), Burnt Forest (BF) and Unburnt Forest (UF), and the samples were sorted, assembled and identified. The constancy and abundance of individuals, and the frequency of distribution of the genera in the total area and by treatment were evaluated. The UF, BF, UC and BC had 19, 14, 8 and 15 genera, with Jackknife 1 index indicating 18.5, 24.4, 8.9 and 20.4 respectively. The Shannon diversity index for the genera was 0.8462, 0.7604, 0.6448 and 0.5992 for UF, BF, BC and UC respectively. The Cerrado showed greater abundance of individuals and greater ant diversity index in relation to Forest when in presence of fire.
本研究的目的是评估火灾对巴西卡瓦尔坎特(Goiás)自然保护区Serra do Tombador热带稀树草原蚂蚁群落和森林类型的影响。设置蚁陷阱，并将其细分为烧焦的塞拉多(BC)、未烧焦的塞拉多(UC)、烧焦的森林(BF)和未烧焦的森林(UF)，对样品进行分类、组装和鉴定。评价了该属在总面积和处理范围内的分布频率、个体的稳定性和丰度。UF、BF、UC和BC分别有19、14、8和15个属，其Jackknife 1指数分别为18.5、24.4、8.9和20.4。UF、BF、BC和UC的Shannon多样性指数分别为0.8462、0.7604、0.6448和0.5992。与森林相比，塞拉多在火灾条件下表现出更高的个体丰度和蚂蚁多样性指数。
{"title":"Fire Influence on the Ants Community in Savanic and Forest Environments of the Cerrado Biome","authors":"Aline das Graças Costa, F. T. P. Torres, G. S. Lima, F. R. Melo, V. B. Rodrigues, Vicente Paulo Santana Neto, T. V. Fernandes","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0025","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of fire on ant assemblages in savanna and forest typologies in the Reserva Natural da Serra do Tombador in Cavalcante – Goiás, Brazil. Ant pitfalls traps were installed and subdivided into Burnt Cerrado (BC), Unburnt Cerrado (UC), Burnt Forest (BF) and Unburnt Forest (UF), and the samples were sorted, assembled and identified. The constancy and abundance of individuals, and the frequency of distribution of the genera in the total area and by treatment were evaluated. The UF, BF, UC and BC had 19, 14, 8 and 15 genera, with Jackknife 1 index indicating 18.5, 24.4, 8.9 and 20.4 respectively. The Shannon diversity index for the genera was 0.8462, 0.7604, 0.6448 and 0.5992 for UF, BF, BC and UC respectively. The Cerrado showed greater abundance of individuals and greater ant diversity index in relation to Forest when in presence of fire.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"281 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83961718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-00049
Bianca Cerqueira Martins, G. D. S. A. Leal, D. H. B. Binoti, G. C. Santos, Carlos Eduardo Silveira da Silva, J. V. Latorraca
The knowledge of tree attributes of the genus Copaifera sp. (copaiba), such as the height of the trunks, helps to estimate the productive potential of oleoresin and to propose more suitable ways of handling, aiming at optimizing production. This research aimed to test hypsometric equations and deterministic methods of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to estimate the total heights levels of the trunks of 31 copaiba trees of the Western Brazilian Amazon, at unknown ages. However, the ANN correlation coefficients obtained were greater than 0,99, demonstrating that they are appropriate for the estimation of height level ( h100% ). Among the ANN architectures, ANN 3 with 2 neurons in the hidden layer stood out. The application of ANN to estimate the total height of the trunk of Copaifera sp. native trees is a viable tool that can contribute to optimize modeling of the different important aspects to determine the productive potential of oleoresin.
{"title":"Estimation height level of Copaifera sp. (Leguminosae) by Artificial Neural Networks","authors":"Bianca Cerqueira Martins, G. D. S. A. Leal, D. H. B. Binoti, G. C. Santos, Carlos Eduardo Silveira da Silva, J. V. Latorraca","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-00049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-00049","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge of tree attributes of the genus Copaifera sp. (copaiba), such as the height of the trunks, helps to estimate the productive potential of oleoresin and to propose more suitable ways of handling, aiming at optimizing production. This research aimed to test hypsometric equations and deterministic methods of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to estimate the total heights levels of the trunks of 31 copaiba trees of the Western Brazilian Amazon, at unknown ages. However, the ANN correlation coefficients obtained were greater than 0,99, demonstrating that they are appropriate for the estimation of height level ( h100% ). Among the ANN architectures, ANN 3 with 2 neurons in the hidden layer stood out. The application of ANN to estimate the total height of the trunk of Copaifera sp. native trees is a viable tool that can contribute to optimize modeling of the different important aspects to determine the productive potential of oleoresin.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82650051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0018
Raimundo Luciano Soares Neto, M. I. Loiola
We examined the taxonomic diversity of native angiosperms in the semiarid region of Ceará State, Brazil, emphasizing species occurring in Steppic Savanna. The diversity of native angiosperms comprises 120 families, 604 genera, and 1,443 species. Fabaceae was the most taxonomically diverse family, while Croton (Euphorbiaceae) was the most species rich genus (33 sp.). Steppic Savanna species account for 58% of all angiosperms recorded in Ceará State, and 41% of all species listed for that phytophysiognomy in Brazil. An update of the species richness within the Steppic Savanna of Ceará State phytogeographical area is provided, also indicating distribution data for other phytophysiognomies in Ceará.
{"title":"Angiosperm Diversity in the Semiarid Region of Ceará State, Brazil, with Emphasis on Caatinga Species","authors":"Raimundo Luciano Soares Neto, M. I. Loiola","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0018","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the taxonomic diversity of native angiosperms in the semiarid region of Ceará State, Brazil, emphasizing species occurring in Steppic Savanna. The diversity of native angiosperms comprises 120 families, 604 genera, and 1,443 species. Fabaceae was the most taxonomically diverse family, while Croton (Euphorbiaceae) was the most species rich genus (33 sp.). Steppic Savanna species account for 58% of all angiosperms recorded in Ceará State, and 41% of all species listed for that phytophysiognomy in Brazil. An update of the species richness within the Steppic Savanna of Ceará State phytogeographical area is provided, also indicating distribution data for other phytophysiognomies in Ceará.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81314829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0058
J. Freire, Iara Sabato Romano, Maria Vitória dos Santos Careli de Souza, Ana Cristina Siewert Garofolo, Telmo Borges Silveira Filho
{"title":"Forest Seedlings Supply for Restoration of the Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","authors":"J. Freire, Iara Sabato Romano, Maria Vitória dos Santos Careli de Souza, Ana Cristina Siewert Garofolo, Telmo Borges Silveira Filho","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87935674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0092
Alisson Schneiders, G. S. Grittz, A. L. Gasper
{"title":"Diversity and Composition of a Seed Bank in the Subtropical Atlantic Forest, Southern Brazil","authors":"Alisson Schneiders, G. S. Grittz, A. L. Gasper","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76387851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0080
J. F. Silva, Patrik Luiz Silva de Araujo, K. A. D. Oliveira, Maria Fernanda Felippe Silva, C. Oliveira, J. C. Molina
The Brazilian Code ABNT NBR 7190 (1997) is currently under review process and one of the proposals is the change and add of some test procedures. Several specimen geometric configurations and test conditions have been evaluated by the study committee CE-02:126.10. The aim of this paper was the analysis of the tensile strength perpendicular to the grain through the current Brazilian Code and from an adaptation of ISO 13910 (2005). Pine and Indian Cedar were used and simplified relationships were proposed. Numerical simulations were performed to identify the stress distributions in the specimens. The results obtained by ISO 13910 (2005) did not differ statistically for the two species. Brazilian standard method cedar had a higher strength value than pine. The simplified ratios obtained ranged between 0,017 and 0,123. The numerical simulations of ISO 13910 (2005) specimens showed predominant failure by tension in the lower fiber due to stress concentration.
{"title":"Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Wood Tensile Strength Perpendicular to the Grain","authors":"J. F. Silva, Patrik Luiz Silva de Araujo, K. A. D. Oliveira, Maria Fernanda Felippe Silva, C. Oliveira, J. C. Molina","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0080","url":null,"abstract":"The Brazilian Code ABNT NBR 7190 (1997) is currently under review process and one of the proposals is the change and add of some test procedures. Several specimen geometric configurations and test conditions have been evaluated by the study committee CE-02:126.10. The aim of this paper was the analysis of the tensile strength perpendicular to the grain through the current Brazilian Code and from an adaptation of ISO 13910 (2005). Pine and Indian Cedar were used and simplified relationships were proposed. Numerical simulations were performed to identify the stress distributions in the specimens. The results obtained by ISO 13910 (2005) did not differ statistically for the two species. Brazilian standard method cedar had a higher strength value than pine. The simplified ratios obtained ranged between 0,017 and 0,123. The numerical simulations of ISO 13910 (2005) specimens showed predominant failure by tension in the lower fiber due to stress concentration.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75003243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0030
Jiovana Pereira Amorim Santos, M. O. Souza, Josival Santos Souza, R. D. Silva, A. Mendonça
{"title":"Production time and container size for Simarouba amara Aubl. seedlings","authors":"Jiovana Pereira Amorim Santos, M. O. Souza, Josival Santos Souza, R. D. Silva, A. Mendonça","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87207394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0009
Clarissa de Moraes Sousa, R. Almeida, G. Vittori, Anatoly Queiroz Abreu Torres, A. Moura, F. F. D. Oliveira, Matheus Santos Luz, S. M. Carvalho, L. L. S. Peres, M. Fontes, S. Botelho, L. A. Melo
We present the first records of insect visitors and pollinators of Bertholletia excelsa (Lecythidaceae) in a 25 years plantation outside the Amazon biome, flowering and producing Brazil nuts. We installed a platform to observe and photograph the insects. The collected insects were stored, mounted, and identified by specialists. Six species were observed, three of them classified as potential pollinators ( Centris lutea , Eulaema nigrita , Eulaema cingulata ). The species E. nigrita and E. cingulata were already reported as a pollinators of Brazil nut in Amazon. This is the first record of C. lutea as potential pollinators for B. excelsa .
{"title":"First Record of Brazil nut Pollinators Outside Amazon Biome","authors":"Clarissa de Moraes Sousa, R. Almeida, G. Vittori, Anatoly Queiroz Abreu Torres, A. Moura, F. F. D. Oliveira, Matheus Santos Luz, S. M. Carvalho, L. L. S. Peres, M. Fontes, S. Botelho, L. A. Melo","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"We present the first records of insect visitors and pollinators of Bertholletia excelsa (Lecythidaceae) in a 25 years plantation outside the Amazon biome, flowering and producing Brazil nuts. We installed a platform to observe and photograph the insects. The collected insects were stored, mounted, and identified by specialists. Six species were observed, three of them classified as potential pollinators ( Centris lutea , Eulaema nigrita , Eulaema cingulata ). The species E. nigrita and E. cingulata were already reported as a pollinators of Brazil nut in Amazon. This is the first record of C. lutea as potential pollinators for B. excelsa .","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85247821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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