Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-00049
Bianca Cerqueira Martins, G. D. S. A. Leal, D. H. B. Binoti, G. C. Santos, Carlos Eduardo Silveira da Silva, J. V. Latorraca
The knowledge of tree attributes of the genus Copaifera sp. (copaiba), such as the height of the trunks, helps to estimate the productive potential of oleoresin and to propose more suitable ways of handling, aiming at optimizing production. This research aimed to test hypsometric equations and deterministic methods of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to estimate the total heights levels of the trunks of 31 copaiba trees of the Western Brazilian Amazon, at unknown ages. However, the ANN correlation coefficients obtained were greater than 0,99, demonstrating that they are appropriate for the estimation of height level ( h100% ). Among the ANN architectures, ANN 3 with 2 neurons in the hidden layer stood out. The application of ANN to estimate the total height of the trunk of Copaifera sp. native trees is a viable tool that can contribute to optimize modeling of the different important aspects to determine the productive potential of oleoresin.
{"title":"Estimation height level of Copaifera sp. (Leguminosae) by Artificial Neural Networks","authors":"Bianca Cerqueira Martins, G. D. S. A. Leal, D. H. B. Binoti, G. C. Santos, Carlos Eduardo Silveira da Silva, J. V. Latorraca","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-00049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-00049","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge of tree attributes of the genus Copaifera sp. (copaiba), such as the height of the trunks, helps to estimate the productive potential of oleoresin and to propose more suitable ways of handling, aiming at optimizing production. This research aimed to test hypsometric equations and deterministic methods of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to estimate the total heights levels of the trunks of 31 copaiba trees of the Western Brazilian Amazon, at unknown ages. However, the ANN correlation coefficients obtained were greater than 0,99, demonstrating that they are appropriate for the estimation of height level ( h100% ). Among the ANN architectures, ANN 3 with 2 neurons in the hidden layer stood out. The application of ANN to estimate the total height of the trunk of Copaifera sp. native trees is a viable tool that can contribute to optimize modeling of the different important aspects to determine the productive potential of oleoresin.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82650051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0027
Ricardo Vicente Ferreira, Silvia Cristina de Castro, Juarez Antonio Gomes Júnior, Felipe Ivonez Borges Alexandre, M. Martines
{"title":"Environmental Fragility in a Permanent Preservation Area","authors":"Ricardo Vicente Ferreira, Silvia Cristina de Castro, Juarez Antonio Gomes Júnior, Felipe Ivonez Borges Alexandre, M. Martines","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76424990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0019
F. Arroyo, I. F. Fraga, Larissa Soriani Zanini Ribeiro Soares, V. Aquino, H. Ruthes, F. Mascarenhas, H. Santos, A. Christoforo, F. Lahr
According to the Brazilian standard for wooden structures, strength and stiffness increase linearly with decreasing moisture; however, as wood is a natural, heterogeneous and anisotropic material, certain strength and stiffness properties may not be affected even by large differences in moisture. Therefore, this work aims to evaluate the reliability of the resistance and rigidity transformation equations as a function of moisture, used to correct the properties when the test was not performed at 12% moisture. Furthermore, it was checked whether the humidity affects the properties of the studied species. Of the 15 properties analyzed, 2 did not show changes when analyzed at the fiber saturation point and at 12% moisture. Additionally, the correction equations of the Brazilian standard showed errors of up to 24% in the estimation of properties at 12% moisture. Thus, the need to correct the Brazilian standard for wooden structures is evident.
{"title":"Influence of Moisture on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Pouteria Pachycarpa Wood","authors":"F. Arroyo, I. F. Fraga, Larissa Soriani Zanini Ribeiro Soares, V. Aquino, H. Ruthes, F. Mascarenhas, H. Santos, A. Christoforo, F. Lahr","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Brazilian standard for wooden structures, strength and stiffness increase linearly with decreasing moisture; however, as wood is a natural, heterogeneous and anisotropic material, certain strength and stiffness properties may not be affected even by large differences in moisture. Therefore, this work aims to evaluate the reliability of the resistance and rigidity transformation equations as a function of moisture, used to correct the properties when the test was not performed at 12% moisture. Furthermore, it was checked whether the humidity affects the properties of the studied species. Of the 15 properties analyzed, 2 did not show changes when analyzed at the fiber saturation point and at 12% moisture. Additionally, the correction equations of the Brazilian standard showed errors of up to 24% in the estimation of properties at 12% moisture. Thus, the need to correct the Brazilian standard for wooden structures is evident.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79274480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0101
Flávia Maria Silva Brito, B. A. Silva, Iara Marques de Carvalho, Sofia Baldoni Baúti, L. Mendes, J. B. Guimarães Júnior
Peanut crop waste (hulls), which have a chemical composition similar to wood, can be considered as a source of industrial raw material for the production of particleboard, provided that they are of similar quality to wooden panels. The present study aimed to produce and evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of medium density particleboards made of peanut hulls and pine wood particles bonded with urea-formaldehyde adhesive. The panels did not present satisfactory dimensional stability. The mechanical properties were significantly reduced with the addition of peanut hulls. In general, peanut hulls did not represent a good alternative to be used as a source of raw material for the production of particleboard. The inclusion of new parameters in the production process would be essential to improve the technological properties, such as: new particle geometries, use of paraffin, particle treatments and inclusion of denser species in the composition of the panels.
{"title":"Technological Properties of Medium Density Particleboards Produced with Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea) and Pinus Oocarpa Hulls","authors":"Flávia Maria Silva Brito, B. A. Silva, Iara Marques de Carvalho, Sofia Baldoni Baúti, L. Mendes, J. B. Guimarães Júnior","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0101","url":null,"abstract":"Peanut crop waste (hulls), which have a chemical composition similar to wood, can be considered as a source of industrial raw material for the production of particleboard, provided that they are of similar quality to wooden panels. The present study aimed to produce and evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of medium density particleboards made of peanut hulls and pine wood particles bonded with urea-formaldehyde adhesive. The panels did not present satisfactory dimensional stability. The mechanical properties were significantly reduced with the addition of peanut hulls. In general, peanut hulls did not represent a good alternative to be used as a source of raw material for the production of particleboard. The inclusion of new parameters in the production process would be essential to improve the technological properties, such as: new particle geometries, use of paraffin, particle treatments and inclusion of denser species in the composition of the panels.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79544481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0012
K. Vedernikov, E. Zagrebin, I. Bukharina, P. Kuzmin
The process of forest death covers the entire boreal zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Due to the deterioration of the sanitary condition of forest areas, harmful organisms are becoming more active, where the most dangerous pest is Ips typographus. The aim of the work was to study the chemical structure of spruce wood in samples of various living conditions in the zones of active reproduction of bark beetles.The research studies the biochemical composition of Píceao bovata wood within the places of Ips typographus development (bythe example of the Udmurt Republic). The research was carried out within the European part of the Russian Federation, the Udmurt Republic region. The republic area is 42 thousand km2. A total of 15 sample plots were laid out and more than 8,000 trees were analyzed. It was revealed that in the subtaiga zone, the processes of death of spruce stands are observed.
{"title":"Influence of the Biological and Chemical Structure of Spruce Wood on Xylophage Infestation","authors":"K. Vedernikov, E. Zagrebin, I. Bukharina, P. Kuzmin","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"The process of forest death covers the entire boreal zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Due to the deterioration of the sanitary condition of forest areas, harmful organisms are becoming more active, where the most dangerous pest is Ips typographus. The aim of the work was to study the chemical structure of spruce wood in samples of various living conditions in the zones of active reproduction of bark beetles.The research studies the biochemical composition of Píceao bovata wood within the places of Ips typographus development (bythe example of the Udmurt Republic). The research was carried out within the European part of the Russian Federation, the Udmurt Republic region. The republic area is 42 thousand km2. A total of 15 sample plots were laid out and more than 8,000 trees were analyzed. It was revealed that in the subtaiga zone, the processes of death of spruce stands are observed.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76509977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0082
Geisislaine do Carmo Reis Araújo, R. Almeida, L. V. Santos, Anatoly Queiroz Abreu Torres, Oclizio Silva, L. A. Melo, Nelson Venturin
{"title":"Initial Development of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius in Function of Soil Preparation and Phosphate Mineral Fertilization","authors":"Geisislaine do Carmo Reis Araújo, R. Almeida, L. V. Santos, Anatoly Queiroz Abreu Torres, Oclizio Silva, L. A. Melo, Nelson Venturin","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80167043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0030
Jiovana Pereira Amorim Santos, M. O. Souza, Josival Santos Souza, R. D. Silva, A. Mendonça
{"title":"Production time and container size for Simarouba amara Aubl. seedlings","authors":"Jiovana Pereira Amorim Santos, M. O. Souza, Josival Santos Souza, R. D. Silva, A. Mendonça","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87207394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0009
Clarissa de Moraes Sousa, R. Almeida, G. Vittori, Anatoly Queiroz Abreu Torres, A. Moura, F. F. D. Oliveira, Matheus Santos Luz, S. M. Carvalho, L. L. S. Peres, M. Fontes, S. Botelho, L. A. Melo
We present the first records of insect visitors and pollinators of Bertholletia excelsa (Lecythidaceae) in a 25 years plantation outside the Amazon biome, flowering and producing Brazil nuts. We installed a platform to observe and photograph the insects. The collected insects were stored, mounted, and identified by specialists. Six species were observed, three of them classified as potential pollinators ( Centris lutea , Eulaema nigrita , Eulaema cingulata ). The species E. nigrita and E. cingulata were already reported as a pollinators of Brazil nut in Amazon. This is the first record of C. lutea as potential pollinators for B. excelsa .
{"title":"First Record of Brazil nut Pollinators Outside Amazon Biome","authors":"Clarissa de Moraes Sousa, R. Almeida, G. Vittori, Anatoly Queiroz Abreu Torres, A. Moura, F. F. D. Oliveira, Matheus Santos Luz, S. M. Carvalho, L. L. S. Peres, M. Fontes, S. Botelho, L. A. Melo","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"We present the first records of insect visitors and pollinators of Bertholletia excelsa (Lecythidaceae) in a 25 years plantation outside the Amazon biome, flowering and producing Brazil nuts. We installed a platform to observe and photograph the insects. The collected insects were stored, mounted, and identified by specialists. Six species were observed, three of them classified as potential pollinators ( Centris lutea , Eulaema nigrita , Eulaema cingulata ). The species E. nigrita and E. cingulata were already reported as a pollinators of Brazil nut in Amazon. This is the first record of C. lutea as potential pollinators for B. excelsa .","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85247821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0080
J. F. Silva, Patrik Luiz Silva de Araujo, K. A. D. Oliveira, Maria Fernanda Felippe Silva, C. Oliveira, J. C. Molina
The Brazilian Code ABNT NBR 7190 (1997) is currently under review process and one of the proposals is the change and add of some test procedures. Several specimen geometric configurations and test conditions have been evaluated by the study committee CE-02:126.10. The aim of this paper was the analysis of the tensile strength perpendicular to the grain through the current Brazilian Code and from an adaptation of ISO 13910 (2005). Pine and Indian Cedar were used and simplified relationships were proposed. Numerical simulations were performed to identify the stress distributions in the specimens. The results obtained by ISO 13910 (2005) did not differ statistically for the two species. Brazilian standard method cedar had a higher strength value than pine. The simplified ratios obtained ranged between 0,017 and 0,123. The numerical simulations of ISO 13910 (2005) specimens showed predominant failure by tension in the lower fiber due to stress concentration.
{"title":"Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Wood Tensile Strength Perpendicular to the Grain","authors":"J. F. Silva, Patrik Luiz Silva de Araujo, K. A. D. Oliveira, Maria Fernanda Felippe Silva, C. Oliveira, J. C. Molina","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0080","url":null,"abstract":"The Brazilian Code ABNT NBR 7190 (1997) is currently under review process and one of the proposals is the change and add of some test procedures. Several specimen geometric configurations and test conditions have been evaluated by the study committee CE-02:126.10. The aim of this paper was the analysis of the tensile strength perpendicular to the grain through the current Brazilian Code and from an adaptation of ISO 13910 (2005). Pine and Indian Cedar were used and simplified relationships were proposed. Numerical simulations were performed to identify the stress distributions in the specimens. The results obtained by ISO 13910 (2005) did not differ statistically for the two species. Brazilian standard method cedar had a higher strength value than pine. The simplified ratios obtained ranged between 0,017 and 0,123. The numerical simulations of ISO 13910 (2005) specimens showed predominant failure by tension in the lower fiber due to stress concentration.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75003243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0092
Alisson Schneiders, G. S. Grittz, A. L. Gasper
{"title":"Diversity and Composition of a Seed Bank in the Subtropical Atlantic Forest, Southern Brazil","authors":"Alisson Schneiders, G. S. Grittz, A. L. Gasper","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76387851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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