Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2023.2201890
Daniela K. Digiacomo, Erica Hodgin, Josephn Kahne, Samia Alkam, Caitlin J Taylor
ABSTRACT Warning signs for the health of the American democracy abound. These challenges have multiple manifestations and multiple roots, but media and the Internet, more broadly, are implicated in prominent ways. Schools, the institutions charged with educating current and future generations, have a role to play in supporting the preparation of an informed citizenry. This study examines the extent to which state level legislation supports the provision of civically oriented media literacy education. To do so, we first identify several critically needed media literacy education dimensions and then examine how well existing legislation from all 50 states responds to these identified needs. Findings reveal that not only is there an overall dearth of K-12 media literacy policy, but definitions and corresponding resources remain sparse and varied. For schools to fulfill their role of providing young people with the knowledge, skills, and commitments to participate and promote a vibrant and informed democracy, this study concludes that more must be done to support media literacy education within state level policy. IMPACT SUMMARY Prior State of Knowledge: Studies indicate that few young people in the United States receive significant learning opportunities to develop and practice media literacy-related skills. While federal legislation is valuable to help set the tone for the nation, state support for local innovation has long been a key strategy for supporting school reform efforts. Novel Contributions: Accordingly, this study examines the extent to which state level legislation supports the provision of civically oriented media literacy education. Practical Implications: Findings reveal that media literacy policy remains the exception, rather than the norm, in states across country – which suggests the need for all state legislators to consider the importance of developing and passing policy that would provide the infrastructure their states need to support young people in learning media literacy skills on a routine basis in schools.
{"title":"Assessing the state of media literacy policy in U.S. K-12 schools","authors":"Daniela K. Digiacomo, Erica Hodgin, Josephn Kahne, Samia Alkam, Caitlin J Taylor","doi":"10.1080/17482798.2023.2201890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2023.2201890","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Warning signs for the health of the American democracy abound. These challenges have multiple manifestations and multiple roots, but media and the Internet, more broadly, are implicated in prominent ways. Schools, the institutions charged with educating current and future generations, have a role to play in supporting the preparation of an informed citizenry. This study examines the extent to which state level legislation supports the provision of civically oriented media literacy education. To do so, we first identify several critically needed media literacy education dimensions and then examine how well existing legislation from all 50 states responds to these identified needs. Findings reveal that not only is there an overall dearth of K-12 media literacy policy, but definitions and corresponding resources remain sparse and varied. For schools to fulfill their role of providing young people with the knowledge, skills, and commitments to participate and promote a vibrant and informed democracy, this study concludes that more must be done to support media literacy education within state level policy. IMPACT SUMMARY Prior State of Knowledge: Studies indicate that few young people in the United States receive significant learning opportunities to develop and practice media literacy-related skills. While federal legislation is valuable to help set the tone for the nation, state support for local innovation has long been a key strategy for supporting school reform efforts. Novel Contributions: Accordingly, this study examines the extent to which state level legislation supports the provision of civically oriented media literacy education. Practical Implications: Findings reveal that media literacy policy remains the exception, rather than the norm, in states across country – which suggests the need for all state legislators to consider the importance of developing and passing policy that would provide the infrastructure their states need to support young people in learning media literacy skills on a routine basis in schools.","PeriodicalId":46908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Media","volume":"17 1","pages":"336 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43858325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2023.2195193
Jiutong Luo, P. Yeung, Hui Li
ABSTRACT Parents and children often have different perceptions of parenting practices and we have limited knowledge on this issue regarding the media parenting practices. In this study, we aimed to examine the gender (male vs. female) and parent-adolescent differences in perceived media parenting in Chinese society. Adolescents (N = 737, Mean age = 14.71, SD = 1.40; 56.3% girls) and their parents (N = 702, 62.5% mothers) were sampled and invited to complete a newly developed Media Parenting Practices Scale (MPPS), resulting in a total of 486 matched families (with 272 girls and 293 mothers). The results confirmed the five latent constructs of MPPS with appropriate psychometric evidence: restriction, involvement, modeling, supervision, and reward. The between-group analysis identified significant gender differences in perceived media parenting between fathers and mothers and between boys and girls. The paired-sample t-test revealed significant parent – adolescent differences, with parents reporting significantly higher levels of media parenting practices than their adolescents. Impact Summary Prior State of Knowledge: Parents often use different strategies to mediate and mitigate the negative effects of the media in their children’s lives. However, there is still a lack of common terminologies to describe media parenting practices that address the recent media prevalence among adolescents. Moreover, it is also unknown whether there are significant gender differences (i.e., father-mother, boy-girl) and parent-adolescent regarding the media parenting practices. Novel Contributions: This study contributes a newly developed five-dimensional media parenting practices scale (MPPS), which includes restriction, involvement, modeling, supervision, and reward, and further reveals the differences in each sub-dimension between gender and parent-adolescent within the Chinese context. Practical Implications:This study has implications for scholars, parents, and their adolescents. On the one hand, the five-dimensional scale offers a new framework for them to examine media parenting behaviors. On the other hand, the differences found between gender and parent-adolescent called for further attention to the potential consequences.
{"title":"Gender and parent–adolescent differences in perceived media parenting: Evidence from a Chinese validation study","authors":"Jiutong Luo, P. Yeung, Hui Li","doi":"10.1080/17482798.2023.2195193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2023.2195193","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Parents and children often have different perceptions of parenting practices and we have limited knowledge on this issue regarding the media parenting practices. In this study, we aimed to examine the gender (male vs. female) and parent-adolescent differences in perceived media parenting in Chinese society. Adolescents (N = 737, Mean age = 14.71, SD = 1.40; 56.3% girls) and their parents (N = 702, 62.5% mothers) were sampled and invited to complete a newly developed Media Parenting Practices Scale (MPPS), resulting in a total of 486 matched families (with 272 girls and 293 mothers). The results confirmed the five latent constructs of MPPS with appropriate psychometric evidence: restriction, involvement, modeling, supervision, and reward. The between-group analysis identified significant gender differences in perceived media parenting between fathers and mothers and between boys and girls. The paired-sample t-test revealed significant parent – adolescent differences, with parents reporting significantly higher levels of media parenting practices than their adolescents. Impact Summary Prior State of Knowledge: Parents often use different strategies to mediate and mitigate the negative effects of the media in their children’s lives. However, there is still a lack of common terminologies to describe media parenting practices that address the recent media prevalence among adolescents. Moreover, it is also unknown whether there are significant gender differences (i.e., father-mother, boy-girl) and parent-adolescent regarding the media parenting practices. Novel Contributions: This study contributes a newly developed five-dimensional media parenting practices scale (MPPS), which includes restriction, involvement, modeling, supervision, and reward, and further reveals the differences in each sub-dimension between gender and parent-adolescent within the Chinese context. Practical Implications:This study has implications for scholars, parents, and their adolescents. On the one hand, the five-dimensional scale offers a new framework for them to examine media parenting behaviors. On the other hand, the differences found between gender and parent-adolescent called for further attention to the potential consequences.","PeriodicalId":46908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Media","volume":"17 1","pages":"278 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48667399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2023.2187426
Gabriel Piña, Alicia Torres, Isabel Griffith
ABSTRACT Research finds that parents’ knowledge and practices exert significant influence on the developmental outcomes of children and youth. Formal parenting programs that improve parenting knowledge and practices can positively impact children’s development and behavior; however, these programs tend to be limited in terms of their scope and size of the populations they serve. We conducted an experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Positive Parenting Newsfeed project – a wide-reaching parenting initiative that features rigorous research-based strategies and recommendations for parents through monthly TV news reports in English and Spanish. In a sample of 381 parents, we evaluated outcomes such as parents’ knowledge about the topics covered in the reports, intent to adopt, and adoption of research-based parenting behaviors. Compared to a control group, we find that parents exposed to the 1–1.5-minute Positive Parenting TV news segments report higher knowledge about research-based parenting topics, are more likely to report intention to adopt the behaviors featured in the segments, and implement more behaviors that follow the featured advice, one week and one month after watching the segments. IMPACT SUMMARY Prior State of Knowledge. Public education campaigns, specifically public health education campaigns, have found success in modifying mass population opinions and behaviors, but rarely focus on child development topics. Novel Contributions. This study is the first experimental evaluation to examine the effectiveness of communicating research-based parenting strategies to parents through videos displayed in local TV news segments, on parents’ knowledge, intent to adopt, and adoption of behaviors. Practical Implications. News producers and policymakers need to address global challenges and promote positive child outcomes, and television news can be an effective medium to provide important information to parents – the most important adults in children’s lives
{"title":"Promoting research-based parenting strategies through U.S. local television news: An experimental evaluation of the Positive Parenting Newsfeed project","authors":"Gabriel Piña, Alicia Torres, Isabel Griffith","doi":"10.1080/17482798.2023.2187426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2023.2187426","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research finds that parents’ knowledge and practices exert significant influence on the developmental outcomes of children and youth. Formal parenting programs that improve parenting knowledge and practices can positively impact children’s development and behavior; however, these programs tend to be limited in terms of their scope and size of the populations they serve. We conducted an experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Positive Parenting Newsfeed project – a wide-reaching parenting initiative that features rigorous research-based strategies and recommendations for parents through monthly TV news reports in English and Spanish. In a sample of 381 parents, we evaluated outcomes such as parents’ knowledge about the topics covered in the reports, intent to adopt, and adoption of research-based parenting behaviors. Compared to a control group, we find that parents exposed to the 1–1.5-minute Positive Parenting TV news segments report higher knowledge about research-based parenting topics, are more likely to report intention to adopt the behaviors featured in the segments, and implement more behaviors that follow the featured advice, one week and one month after watching the segments. IMPACT SUMMARY Prior State of Knowledge. Public education campaigns, specifically public health education campaigns, have found success in modifying mass population opinions and behaviors, but rarely focus on child development topics. Novel Contributions. This study is the first experimental evaluation to examine the effectiveness of communicating research-based parenting strategies to parents through videos displayed in local TV news segments, on parents’ knowledge, intent to adopt, and adoption of behaviors. Practical Implications. News producers and policymakers need to address global challenges and promote positive child outcomes, and television news can be an effective medium to provide important information to parents – the most important adults in children’s lives","PeriodicalId":46908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Media","volume":"17 1","pages":"228 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45214602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2023.2180045
M. Alper, J. Manganello, Kimberly F. Colvin
ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, caregivers of disabled children have faced adverse conditions complicating their media use management (i.e., parental mediation). Disabled children and non-disabled children in a household may also have distinct cognitive, emotional, and physical needs requiring different parental mediation strategies. In this exploratory study, we surveyed U.S. parents (N = 123) with a disabled and non-disabled child between the ages of 5 and 13 to explore child differences in average hours spent watching media and playing games, problematic media use, and parental mediation during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic (Spring 2020–Spring 2021). Results suggest higher problematic media use for children with disabilities compared to their siblings without disabilities during the pandemic, with rates of problematic use primarily increasing or staying the same for both, but significantly more parental mediation of children without disabilities compared to those with disabilities. In the wake of the pandemic and spikes in children’s media use, screen time advice from health providers to households with both disabled and non-disabled children requires unique considerations to support healthy child media use. IMPACT SUMMARY Prior State of Knowledge: Media have offered young people important opportunities for learning, entertainment, and social connection during the COVID-19 pandemic, but parents also have concerns about overuse and negative effects. Novel Contributions: We surveyed parents of school-age siblings with and without disabilities to compare media use patterns, problematic media use, and parental mediation. We found higher rates of problematic media use among disabled children, but more parental mediation of non-disabled children. Practical Implications: Practitioners who provide screen media guidance to households with both disabled and non-disabled children should consider these families’ unique considerations and circumstances, including how siblings mutually influence one another’s media use, as well as their parents’ overall caregiving practices.
{"title":"Parental mediation and problematic media use among U.S. children with disabilities and their non-disabled siblings during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"M. Alper, J. Manganello, Kimberly F. Colvin","doi":"10.1080/17482798.2023.2180045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2023.2180045","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, caregivers of disabled children have faced adverse conditions complicating their media use management (i.e., parental mediation). Disabled children and non-disabled children in a household may also have distinct cognitive, emotional, and physical needs requiring different parental mediation strategies. In this exploratory study, we surveyed U.S. parents (N = 123) with a disabled and non-disabled child between the ages of 5 and 13 to explore child differences in average hours spent watching media and playing games, problematic media use, and parental mediation during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic (Spring 2020–Spring 2021). Results suggest higher problematic media use for children with disabilities compared to their siblings without disabilities during the pandemic, with rates of problematic use primarily increasing or staying the same for both, but significantly more parental mediation of children without disabilities compared to those with disabilities. In the wake of the pandemic and spikes in children’s media use, screen time advice from health providers to households with both disabled and non-disabled children requires unique considerations to support healthy child media use. IMPACT SUMMARY Prior State of Knowledge: Media have offered young people important opportunities for learning, entertainment, and social connection during the COVID-19 pandemic, but parents also have concerns about overuse and negative effects. Novel Contributions: We surveyed parents of school-age siblings with and without disabilities to compare media use patterns, problematic media use, and parental mediation. We found higher rates of problematic media use among disabled children, but more parental mediation of non-disabled children. Practical Implications: Practitioners who provide screen media guidance to households with both disabled and non-disabled children should consider these families’ unique considerations and circumstances, including how siblings mutually influence one another’s media use, as well as their parents’ overall caregiving practices.","PeriodicalId":46908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Media","volume":"17 1","pages":"219 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41369306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-16DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2023.2179572
Sandra El Gemayel
{"title":"Understanding the Media in Young Children’s Lives: An Introduction to the Key Debates (1st ed.)","authors":"Sandra El Gemayel","doi":"10.1080/17482798.2023.2179572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2023.2179572","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Media","volume":"17 1","pages":"266 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47959094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2023.2177318
Luna Staes, M. Walrave, Lara Hallam
ABSTRACT Sharenting, the practice whereby parents disclose information about their children on social media, is ubiquitous in our digital society. Even though grandparents take on a considerable role in their grandchildren’s lives and use social media, little is known about grandparents’ sharenting behavior (i.e., grandsharenting). This study explores grandparents’ motives for grandsharenting and privacy management strategies using Communication Privacy Management theory. Based on 17 interviews with grandparents (Facebook users aged between 52 and 83) in Flanders (Belgium), six motives for grandsharenting were identified: informing others about their grandchildren’s development; interacting with other grandparents; giving advice; role confirmation; showing pride towards their grandchildren or happiness of being a grandparent and saving memories. Grandparents indicated they cared about their grandchildren’s digital identities and applied cost-mitigating strategies to protect grandchildren’s privacy. Although cost-mitigating strategies varied by the grandchild’s age, respondents said to consider the content they post, to ask permission to their grandchild before sharing information to respect privacy boundaries and to avoid privacy turbulence. As only grandparents with minor grandchildren were interviewed, parental involvement was deemed important. Grandparents intervened when they experienced grandchildren’s privacy had been violated. Findings contribute to research on privacy regulation, impression management and intergenerational relations in a digital landscape. IMPACT SUMMARY Prior state of knowledge: Research on sharenting predominantly focuses on the motives for parental sharenting and outlines the privacy risks sharenting contains. Moreover, in line with Communication Privacy Management theory, research lays bare the cost-mitigating strategies parents adopt to protect their child’s privacy online. Novel contributions: As grandparents often take on a considerable role in their grandchildren’s lives and increasingly use social media, this study contributes to communication and family studies by investigating grandparents’ motives for sharenting and by examining how they engage in privacy management. Practical implications: We recommend grandparents to discuss their grandsharenting behavior with their grandchild or the parents of the child before sharing content about the grandchild on social media. Moreover, we encourage grandparents to respect privacy rules in order to avoid intra-familial conflict.
{"title":"Grandsharenting: How grandparents in Belgium negotiate the sharing of personal information related to their grandchildren and engage in privacy management strategies on facebook","authors":"Luna Staes, M. Walrave, Lara Hallam","doi":"10.1080/17482798.2023.2177318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2023.2177318","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sharenting, the practice whereby parents disclose information about their children on social media, is ubiquitous in our digital society. Even though grandparents take on a considerable role in their grandchildren’s lives and use social media, little is known about grandparents’ sharenting behavior (i.e., grandsharenting). This study explores grandparents’ motives for grandsharenting and privacy management strategies using Communication Privacy Management theory. Based on 17 interviews with grandparents (Facebook users aged between 52 and 83) in Flanders (Belgium), six motives for grandsharenting were identified: informing others about their grandchildren’s development; interacting with other grandparents; giving advice; role confirmation; showing pride towards their grandchildren or happiness of being a grandparent and saving memories. Grandparents indicated they cared about their grandchildren’s digital identities and applied cost-mitigating strategies to protect grandchildren’s privacy. Although cost-mitigating strategies varied by the grandchild’s age, respondents said to consider the content they post, to ask permission to their grandchild before sharing information to respect privacy boundaries and to avoid privacy turbulence. As only grandparents with minor grandchildren were interviewed, parental involvement was deemed important. Grandparents intervened when they experienced grandchildren’s privacy had been violated. Findings contribute to research on privacy regulation, impression management and intergenerational relations in a digital landscape. IMPACT SUMMARY Prior state of knowledge: Research on sharenting predominantly focuses on the motives for parental sharenting and outlines the privacy risks sharenting contains. Moreover, in line with Communication Privacy Management theory, research lays bare the cost-mitigating strategies parents adopt to protect their child’s privacy online. Novel contributions: As grandparents often take on a considerable role in their grandchildren’s lives and increasingly use social media, this study contributes to communication and family studies by investigating grandparents’ motives for sharenting and by examining how they engage in privacy management. Practical implications: We recommend grandparents to discuss their grandsharenting behavior with their grandchild or the parents of the child before sharing content about the grandchild on social media. Moreover, we encourage grandparents to respect privacy rules in order to avoid intra-familial conflict.","PeriodicalId":46908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Media","volume":"17 1","pages":"192 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43299151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2023.2165518
Rubén Olveira-Araujo
ABSTRACT The increase in media attention towards trans issues in the last two decades has contributed to reinforcing its visibility. However, the media coverage of trans minors has hardly been addressed by previous literature. The objective of this study is to analyze the media coverage of trans children and adolescents in the Spanish digital press during the period 2006–2020. To do that, this article has conducted a quantitative content analysis combining manual coding and rule-based text classification. The results confirm that the media coverage of trans minors has increased. Most of the analyzed delegitimization patterns of trans people have decreased over the years, although they remain relatively stable during the last period. Contrary to what could be thought, childhood and adolescence do not seem to act as a protective factor against media delegitimization. These findings suggest that trans children are at the front-page of Spanish public debate. Despite the increasing visibility of trans minors, they continue to be mistreated in the media. In fact, trans children may be even more questioned than adults. All in all, this study underlines the importance of trans minors in the news coverage of trans issues and, in extension, in the fight for trans rights. IMPACT SUMMARY Prior state of knowledge: Even if previous literature suggests that news media coverage seems to be associated with the number of trans children who go to clinical services to start their social transition, there is no longitudinal quantitative evidence on the news media representation of trans children. Novel contributions: Neither childhood nor adolescence seem to act as a protective factor against media delegitimization. In fact, trans children may be even more questioned than adults and they have become a centerpiece for anti-trans media strategies. Practical implications: The need to continue raising awareness among journalists about trans minors is underscored. Some possible courses of action could be the participation of journalists in the creation and dissemination of guidelines and the organization of asynchronous online courses and offline workshops.
{"title":"No longer invisible, but still mistreated: Trans minors and the Spanish digital press (2006-2020)","authors":"Rubén Olveira-Araujo","doi":"10.1080/17482798.2023.2165518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2023.2165518","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The increase in media attention towards trans issues in the last two decades has contributed to reinforcing its visibility. However, the media coverage of trans minors has hardly been addressed by previous literature. The objective of this study is to analyze the media coverage of trans children and adolescents in the Spanish digital press during the period 2006–2020. To do that, this article has conducted a quantitative content analysis combining manual coding and rule-based text classification. The results confirm that the media coverage of trans minors has increased. Most of the analyzed delegitimization patterns of trans people have decreased over the years, although they remain relatively stable during the last period. Contrary to what could be thought, childhood and adolescence do not seem to act as a protective factor against media delegitimization. These findings suggest that trans children are at the front-page of Spanish public debate. Despite the increasing visibility of trans minors, they continue to be mistreated in the media. In fact, trans children may be even more questioned than adults. All in all, this study underlines the importance of trans minors in the news coverage of trans issues and, in extension, in the fight for trans rights. IMPACT SUMMARY Prior state of knowledge: Even if previous literature suggests that news media coverage seems to be associated with the number of trans children who go to clinical services to start their social transition, there is no longitudinal quantitative evidence on the news media representation of trans children. Novel contributions: Neither childhood nor adolescence seem to act as a protective factor against media delegitimization. In fact, trans children may be even more questioned than adults and they have become a centerpiece for anti-trans media strategies. Practical implications: The need to continue raising awareness among journalists about trans minors is underscored. Some possible courses of action could be the participation of journalists in the creation and dissemination of guidelines and the organization of asynchronous online courses and offline workshops.","PeriodicalId":46908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Media","volume":"17 1","pages":"180 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49632899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-10DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2023.2165517
Ann Masterson, Nicole M. Messina
ABSTRACT Since 2015, Netflix has been one of the largest holders of teen viewers, greatly surpassing cable TV and other streaming platforms. This study focused on depictions of romantic love on screen, how these scenes intersected with sexual scripts, and the gender initiation and reception of this material. A content analysis was performed on 19 Netflix original series, which were coded using categories influenced by sexual script theory and adapted from Dillman Carpentier: loving language, loving behavior, sexual language, sexual behavior, and sexual health. Results found instances of loving or sexual content in each episode. Both loving and sexual language were the predominant aspects with sexual health instances in a few episodes. Included in the findings is a focus on loving language scripts that focus on ending a relationship rather than building or maintaining a relationship which has implications for teen expectations. Gender initiation and reception was largely equal across the five categories indicating a shift in gendered scripts. This study addresses the limited research within Netflix original series and furthers how sexual script theory understands the connection between loving and sexual content in teen programming. IMPACT SUMMARIES Prior State of Knowledge: Previous research has found that sexual scripts on television follow the traditional heterosexual script, with men as the pursuers and women being more emotional. Often, teen programming is more likely to show committed relationships, separating casual and committed sexual relationships. Novel Contributions: Our findings suggest that within Netflix teen programming, men and women are equally likely to initiate loving or sexual behavior. Programming is also more likely to see scripts skewed toward ending relationships rather than toward building healthy relationships. Practical Implications: Romantic and sexual scripts in television can influence teenagers’ expectations of relationships, including sexual health behaviors. Parents and educators should be aware of the romantic language and behavior dynamics shaping viewers’ perspectives, specifically given the lack of safe sex depictions.
{"title":"Love and sexual scripts: A content analysis of 19 Netflix teen series","authors":"Ann Masterson, Nicole M. Messina","doi":"10.1080/17482798.2023.2165517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2023.2165517","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since 2015, Netflix has been one of the largest holders of teen viewers, greatly surpassing cable TV and other streaming platforms. This study focused on depictions of romantic love on screen, how these scenes intersected with sexual scripts, and the gender initiation and reception of this material. A content analysis was performed on 19 Netflix original series, which were coded using categories influenced by sexual script theory and adapted from Dillman Carpentier: loving language, loving behavior, sexual language, sexual behavior, and sexual health. Results found instances of loving or sexual content in each episode. Both loving and sexual language were the predominant aspects with sexual health instances in a few episodes. Included in the findings is a focus on loving language scripts that focus on ending a relationship rather than building or maintaining a relationship which has implications for teen expectations. Gender initiation and reception was largely equal across the five categories indicating a shift in gendered scripts. This study addresses the limited research within Netflix original series and furthers how sexual script theory understands the connection between loving and sexual content in teen programming. IMPACT SUMMARIES Prior State of Knowledge: Previous research has found that sexual scripts on television follow the traditional heterosexual script, with men as the pursuers and women being more emotional. Often, teen programming is more likely to show committed relationships, separating casual and committed sexual relationships. Novel Contributions: Our findings suggest that within Netflix teen programming, men and women are equally likely to initiate loving or sexual behavior. Programming is also more likely to see scripts skewed toward ending relationships rather than toward building healthy relationships. Practical Implications: Romantic and sexual scripts in television can influence teenagers’ expectations of relationships, including sexual health behaviors. Parents and educators should be aware of the romantic language and behavior dynamics shaping viewers’ perspectives, specifically given the lack of safe sex depictions.","PeriodicalId":46908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Media","volume":"17 1","pages":"161 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44521840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2023.2173856
Allyson L. Snyder, J. A. Bonus, Drew P. Cingel
Representations of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ+) characters in children’s media have proliferated over the last five years (GLAAD Media Institute, 2019). In large part, this shift has occurred because attitudes toward LGBQ+ individuals have substantially improved among the general public, thus incentivizing content creators to diversify their representations (GLAAD Media Institute, 2020). Most LGBQ+ characters, however, have appeared in programs targeted to older children (i.e., ages 7 and older), with relatively few appearing in programs targeted to younger children (i.e., ages 3 to 6). This discrepancy likely stems from the fact that these programs typically depict ageappropriate romances among same-sex characters (e.g., crushes or dating). Although these stories allow older LGBQ+ children to see themselves represented on screen, they are less socially meaningful for younger children. It is possible, however, to include socially relevant LGBQ+ representations in media for young children by focusing on diverse families. Family diversity varies across dimensions of race, socioeconomic status, gender, and family structure (Fine et al., 2000). Here, we focus on diverse family structure, such as a child who has two fathers or a child who has a mother that remains single because she is aromantic. In this commentary, we consider the theoretical importance of LGBQ+ representations in young children’s media, review the current state of these representations, and provide recommendations for researchers and practitioners.
{"title":"Representations of LGBQ+ families in young children’s media","authors":"Allyson L. Snyder, J. A. Bonus, Drew P. Cingel","doi":"10.1080/17482798.2023.2173856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2023.2173856","url":null,"abstract":"Representations of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ+) characters in children’s media have proliferated over the last five years (GLAAD Media Institute, 2019). In large part, this shift has occurred because attitudes toward LGBQ+ individuals have substantially improved among the general public, thus incentivizing content creators to diversify their representations (GLAAD Media Institute, 2020). Most LGBQ+ characters, however, have appeared in programs targeted to older children (i.e., ages 7 and older), with relatively few appearing in programs targeted to younger children (i.e., ages 3 to 6). This discrepancy likely stems from the fact that these programs typically depict ageappropriate romances among same-sex characters (e.g., crushes or dating). Although these stories allow older LGBQ+ children to see themselves represented on screen, they are less socially meaningful for younger children. It is possible, however, to include socially relevant LGBQ+ representations in media for young children by focusing on diverse families. Family diversity varies across dimensions of race, socioeconomic status, gender, and family structure (Fine et al., 2000). Here, we focus on diverse family structure, such as a child who has two fathers or a child who has a mother that remains single because she is aromantic. In this commentary, we consider the theoretical importance of LGBQ+ representations in young children’s media, review the current state of these representations, and provide recommendations for researchers and practitioners.","PeriodicalId":46908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Media","volume":"17 1","pages":"154 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42868382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-03-30DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2023.2195194
Hailey G Holmgren, Laura Stockdale, Jane Shawcroft, Sarah M Coyne, Ashley M Fraser
Despite the ubiquity of tablets and smartphones, television remains the most frequently used screen media consumed by young children. However, it is likely that variability exists in how young children use media; for example, while some may view small amounts of aggressive content, others may view many hours each day of aggressive and prosocial media content. It is possible that differences in toddler television time and content also impact behavioral outcomes. The aims of this study were two-fold; first, we examined profiles of children's time spent watching television and media content viewed. Second, we examined longitudinal relations between media use profiles and outcomes including aggression, prosocial behavior, and problematic media use. Results suggested a three-profile solution of children's television time and content, including "Low TV content," "High child-centered content," and "High aggressive content" profiles. The "High aggressive content" group experienced higher levels of problematic media use and aggressive behavior one year later compared to other classes. The discussion focuses on implications of these findings. We urge parents to become aware of both television time and media content as they may relate to problematic media use behaviors in young children.
{"title":"Toddlers and the Telly: A latent profile analysis of children's television time and content and behavioral outcomes one year later in the U.S.","authors":"Hailey G Holmgren, Laura Stockdale, Jane Shawcroft, Sarah M Coyne, Ashley M Fraser","doi":"10.1080/17482798.2023.2195194","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17482798.2023.2195194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the ubiquity of tablets and smartphones, television remains the most frequently used screen media consumed by young children. However, it is likely that variability exists in how young children use media; for example, while some may view small amounts of aggressive content, others may view many hours each day of aggressive and prosocial media content. It is possible that differences in toddler television time and content also impact behavioral outcomes. The aims of this study were two-fold; first, we examined profiles of children's time spent watching television and media content viewed. Second, we examined longitudinal relations between media use profiles and outcomes including aggression, prosocial behavior, and problematic media use. Results suggested a three-profile solution of children's television time and content, including \"Low TV content,\" \"High child-centered content,\" and \"High aggressive content\" profiles. The \"High aggressive content\" group experienced higher levels of problematic media use and aggressive behavior one year later compared to other classes. The discussion focuses on implications of these findings. We urge parents to become aware of both television time and media content as they may relate to problematic media use behaviors in young children.</p>","PeriodicalId":46908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Media","volume":"17 3","pages":"298-317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10434976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10054724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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