There has been little historiographical attention to working-class banking in the Caribbean. This article adds to the scholarship by considering the founding and use of the Barbados Savings Bank by working-class Black Barbadians. Colonial administrators hoped the bank would teach formerly enslaved Barbadians how to properly transition into the free wage labor force and sought to encourage household arrangements dependent on a male breadwinner who would use the bank for long-term savings. Using the new depositor ledgers of the Barbados Savings Bank, I argue that everyday Barbadians instead used this financial institution as a family repository of targeted savings for the purpose of emigration, defying colonial desires of a dependent workforce organized in patriarchal single-income households.
{"title":"Thrift, Morality, and Migration in the Barbados Savings Bank","authors":"Joan Flores-Villalobos","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbad004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbad004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There has been little historiographical attention to working-class banking in the Caribbean. This article adds to the scholarship by considering the founding and use of the Barbados Savings Bank by working-class Black Barbadians. Colonial administrators hoped the bank would teach formerly enslaved Barbadians how to properly transition into the free wage labor force and sought to encourage household arrangements dependent on a male breadwinner who would use the bank for long-term savings. Using the new depositor ledgers of the Barbados Savings Bank, I argue that everyday Barbadians instead used this financial institution as a family repository of targeted savings for the purpose of emigration, defying colonial desires of a dependent workforce organized in patriarchal single-income households.","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":"154 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42314383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revolution in 1525: Thomas Müntzer and Mühlhausen","authors":"L. Roper","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbad003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":"219 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46260316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Volatile Seventies: A Memoir of the Naxalbari Uprising in Calcutta and the Bangladesh War","authors":"Manashi Ray","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbac036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbac036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":"23 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42972346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John R. Gillis died on 7 December 2021. In his long career, John was a German historian, a British historian, and then a historian of the relationship between humans and their geographical surroundings. He wrote seven monographs and edited four volumes of essays (listed below). He spent almost all his career at Rutgers University, where he served as Chair of the History Department multiple times between the early 1970s and the late 1980s. He was always as enthusiastic about teaching an introductory survey course to a class of freshmen as about Photograph by Peter Ralston, reproduced courtesy of Tina Gillis.
{"title":"John Gillis and the Personal as Historical","authors":"Lia Paradis","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbad002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbad002","url":null,"abstract":"John R. Gillis died on 7 December 2021. In his long career, John was a German historian, a British historian, and then a historian of the relationship between humans and their geographical surroundings. He wrote seven monographs and edited four volumes of essays (listed below). He spent almost all his career at Rutgers University, where he served as Chair of the History Department multiple times between the early 1970s and the late 1980s. He was always as enthusiastic about teaching an introductory survey course to a class of freshmen as about Photograph by Peter Ralston, reproduced courtesy of Tina Gillis.","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":"225 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43300993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colin Ward, according to an obituary, ‘lived with the title of Britain’s most famous anarchist for nearly half a century’.1 There wasn’t, of course, a lot of competition and nor was this an accolade Ward claimed or sought. But by the abundance of his writing and the originality of his work, it’s certainly a soubriquet he deserved. Ward insisted that he wasn’t a theorist but a propagandist. That’s true – but not the whole story. His achievement was in adapting and modernizing the ideas of Kropotkin in particular, and in his insistence that empowering people to craft their own responses to personal, family and community needs is more fulfilling and effective than rigid, top-down planning, housing, environmental and educational approaches. Sophie Scott-Brown’s title is well chosen. Her subject found the seeds of anarchism sprouting in allotments and adventure playgrounds, amid squatters and cotters, and in enterprises where people jointly and voluntarily pursue a common social purpose. ‘I look for day-to-day anarchist solutions’, he declared (p. 226).2 Ward’s anarchism was here and now, rather than an angry growl of disaffection or a post-revolutionary nirvana.
{"title":"An Anarchist for the Outside World","authors":"Andrew Whitehead","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbad001","url":null,"abstract":"Colin Ward, according to an obituary, ‘lived with the title of Britain’s most famous anarchist for nearly half a century’.1 There wasn’t, of course, a lot of competition and nor was this an accolade Ward claimed or sought. But by the abundance of his writing and the originality of his work, it’s certainly a soubriquet he deserved. Ward insisted that he wasn’t a theorist but a propagandist. That’s true – but not the whole story. His achievement was in adapting and modernizing the ideas of Kropotkin in particular, and in his insistence that empowering people to craft their own responses to personal, family and community needs is more fulfilling and effective than rigid, top-down planning, housing, environmental and educational approaches. Sophie Scott-Brown’s title is well chosen. Her subject found the seeds of anarchism sprouting in allotments and adventure playgrounds, amid squatters and cotters, and in enterprises where people jointly and voluntarily pursue a common social purpose. ‘I look for day-to-day anarchist solutions’, he declared (p. 226).2 Ward’s anarchism was here and now, rather than an angry growl of disaffection or a post-revolutionary nirvana.","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134921742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the life-writing of historian and playwright Muriel St. Clare Byrne (1895-1983), this article develops the concept of a non-binary historical methodology. It argues that historians should take gender as a historically contingent category to allow alternative logics of embodiment, selfhood, desire, and relationality to be more clearly seen. Drawing on trans studies, the article situates Byrne within contemporary conversations about universal bi-sexuality within sexology and psychoanalysis. Her rewriting of the psychosexual model in her memoir, which underwrote a claim to ‘both her sexes’, represents one of the paths foreclosed by the mid-century turn to the gender/sex/sexuality model.
{"title":"\"Both Your Sexes\": A Non-Binary Approach to Gender History, Trans Studies and the Making of the Self in Modern Britain","authors":"M. Moulton","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbac033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbac033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using the life-writing of historian and playwright Muriel St. Clare Byrne (1895-1983), this article develops the concept of a non-binary historical methodology. It argues that historians should take gender as a historically contingent category to allow alternative logics of embodiment, selfhood, desire, and relationality to be more clearly seen. Drawing on trans studies, the article situates Byrne within contemporary conversations about universal bi-sexuality within sexology and psychoanalysis. Her rewriting of the psychosexual model in her memoir, which underwrote a claim to ‘both her sexes’, represents one of the paths foreclosed by the mid-century turn to the gender/sex/sexuality model.","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":"100 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48310303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This memoir of peace activism in the United States in the early 1970s, as the Vietnam war was drawing to a close, focuses on the difficulties of sustaining an effective anti-war campaign. It describes several key protests: sit-ins outside the Senate chamber in Washington, after one of which the writer was briefly jailed; the attempt to secure the Nobel Peace Prize for all those Americans who refused to fight in Vietnam; and in particular a keenly debated and eventually unsuccessful initiative, led by sexual dissidents, to enlist prominent Americans to travel to Hanoi to deter American bombing of the North Vietnamese capital. Based on his own experiences and recollections, Martin Duberman discusses the overlap between the peace movement, the emerging gay and feminist movements, and the sporadic attempts to ally with the Black liberation movement. He speculates, as well, about the overall effectiveness of the anti-war movement in helping to bring the disastrous conflict in Vietnam – which claimed more than two-million lives – to a close.
{"title":"Queer Hostages for Hanoi","authors":"Martin Duberman","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbac035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbac035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This memoir of peace activism in the United States in the early 1970s, as the Vietnam war was drawing to a close, focuses on the difficulties of sustaining an effective anti-war campaign. It describes several key protests: sit-ins outside the Senate chamber in Washington, after one of which the writer was briefly jailed; the attempt to secure the Nobel Peace Prize for all those Americans who refused to fight in Vietnam; and in particular a keenly debated and eventually unsuccessful initiative, led by sexual dissidents, to enlist prominent Americans to travel to Hanoi to deter American bombing of the North Vietnamese capital. Based on his own experiences and recollections, Martin Duberman discusses the overlap between the peace movement, the emerging gay and feminist movements, and the sporadic attempts to ally with the Black liberation movement. He speculates, as well, about the overall effectiveness of the anti-war movement in helping to bring the disastrous conflict in Vietnam – which claimed more than two-million lives – to a close.","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"308 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136296488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dream was a key word with which Jews expressed their sentiments in the historic year 1948. It described the improbable turn of events of Jewish history from Auschwitz to independence. Binyamin Etzioni grew up in Tel Aviv. Born in 1926, he was eighteen when he joined the Palmach, the elite troops of the Haganah, the primary militia in the Yishuv (the Jewish community in pre-1948 Palestine). On 12 May 1948, just two days before the British departure from Palestine and the declaration of the State of Israel, he wrote: ‘Independence for Jews – this is after all a visionary idea that is almost ungraspable, something we could experience [in the past] only spiritually. . . All the time the Biblical verse echoes in my ears: “When the Lord turned again the captivity of Zion, we were like unto dreamers”. How suitable are these ancient words to our own time’. But this dream of Jewish political independence was tied up with another dream – that of the Jewish state with fewer Palestinians. Avraham Riklin, a commander who fought in the battle of Tiberias, described in his diary on 18 April 1948 his emotion as he entered the city’s deserted Arab quarter following the forced departure of the Palestinians: ‘The joy was enormous. I could not believe my eyes. The fleeing of the Arabs from the city seemed to me like a dream. There was a sense of elation among all [the soldiers]’. We should take Zionist dreams seriously, both the dream of national independence and that of a Jewish state with fewer Palestinians. The argument of this paper is that between 1936 and 1947 the idea of a Jewish state with fewer Palestinians took root politically, socially, and culturally among mainstream Zionists. This idea was articulated in institutional plans for a future state, in discourse about transfer, in settlement and security practices, and last but not least in a Zionist cultural imagination that made a Jewish state with fewer Palestinians as normal as the air Zionists breathed. For mainstream Zionists, I claim, the violent removal of Palestinians was imaginable and legitimate before the ethnic cleansing; under what circumstances it would take place no one knew, but creating a Jewish state with a robust Jewish majority by removing Palestinians seemed obligatory, conceivable, and justifiable. Casting the net wider, this essay makes an argument about Zionism and settler colonialism: that while Zionism was (and is) a settler colonial movement, its history is shot through with an element that is the essence of history – contingency. There was no predetermined, direct way from Zionist early settlement to the
{"title":"The Nakba and the Zionist Dream of an Ethnonational State","authors":"Alon Confino","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbac034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbac034","url":null,"abstract":"Dream was a key word with which Jews expressed their sentiments in the historic year 1948. It described the improbable turn of events of Jewish history from Auschwitz to independence. Binyamin Etzioni grew up in Tel Aviv. Born in 1926, he was eighteen when he joined the Palmach, the elite troops of the Haganah, the primary militia in the Yishuv (the Jewish community in pre-1948 Palestine). On 12 May 1948, just two days before the British departure from Palestine and the declaration of the State of Israel, he wrote: ‘Independence for Jews – this is after all a visionary idea that is almost ungraspable, something we could experience [in the past] only spiritually. . . All the time the Biblical verse echoes in my ears: “When the Lord turned again the captivity of Zion, we were like unto dreamers”. How suitable are these ancient words to our own time’. But this dream of Jewish political independence was tied up with another dream – that of the Jewish state with fewer Palestinians. Avraham Riklin, a commander who fought in the battle of Tiberias, described in his diary on 18 April 1948 his emotion as he entered the city’s deserted Arab quarter following the forced departure of the Palestinians: ‘The joy was enormous. I could not believe my eyes. The fleeing of the Arabs from the city seemed to me like a dream. There was a sense of elation among all [the soldiers]’. We should take Zionist dreams seriously, both the dream of national independence and that of a Jewish state with fewer Palestinians. The argument of this paper is that between 1936 and 1947 the idea of a Jewish state with fewer Palestinians took root politically, socially, and culturally among mainstream Zionists. This idea was articulated in institutional plans for a future state, in discourse about transfer, in settlement and security practices, and last but not least in a Zionist cultural imagination that made a Jewish state with fewer Palestinians as normal as the air Zionists breathed. For mainstream Zionists, I claim, the violent removal of Palestinians was imaginable and legitimate before the ethnic cleansing; under what circumstances it would take place no one knew, but creating a Jewish state with a robust Jewish majority by removing Palestinians seemed obligatory, conceivable, and justifiable. Casting the net wider, this essay makes an argument about Zionism and settler colonialism: that while Zionism was (and is) a settler colonial movement, its history is shot through with an element that is the essence of history – contingency. There was no predetermined, direct way from Zionist early settlement to the","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":"131 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43443480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anglicanism, Race and the Inner City: Parochial Domesticity and Anti-Racism in the Long 1980s","authors":"David Geiringer, A. Owens","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbac028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbac028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":"94 1","pages":"223 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44747561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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