How can we teach ‘forgotten’ histories of war and empire in the classroom, responding to urgent needs to ‘decolonize’ the curriculum and pedagogic practice? This article reflects on an exercise in pedagogical experimentation – a ‘widening participation’ project based upon a series of workshops – to demonstrate a more global and ‘messy’ understanding of the role of empire in the First and Second World Wars and their commemoration. We discuss the role of students and teachers as co-producers of knowledge, engaging with race and colonialism in the classroom, and the intervention of such work in the project of ‘decolonizing’ curricula.
{"title":"Teaching Empire and War: Animating Marginalized Histories in the Classroom","authors":"A. Maguire, Diya Gupta","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbab023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbab023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 How can we teach ‘forgotten’ histories of war and empire in the classroom, responding to urgent needs to ‘decolonize’ the curriculum and pedagogic practice? This article reflects on an exercise in pedagogical experimentation – a ‘widening participation’ project based upon a series of workshops – to demonstrate a more global and ‘messy’ understanding of the role of empire in the First and Second World Wars and their commemoration. We discuss the role of students and teachers as co-producers of knowledge, engaging with race and colonialism in the classroom, and the intervention of such work in the project of ‘decolonizing’ curricula.","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41378177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malcolm Chase, who has died aged sixty-three, was a strong supporter of History Workshop and a great embodiment of its ideals. He was steeped in the work of E. P. Thompson and cared passionately about history from below. One of the distinguishing features of Malcolm’s work was his deeply felt commitment to reconstructing the lives of the poor and taking their politics seriously. Like Thompson, he was particularly strong on the tone of workers’ voices in the past. In a remarkably productive career, over the last quarter century, he became an important historian of nineteenth-century British radicalism and the leading authority (in a crowded field) on
马尔科姆·蔡斯逝世，享年63岁，他是“历史工作坊”的坚定支持者，也是其理想的伟大体现。他沉浸在e·p·汤普森(E. P. Thompson)的著作中，对底层的历史充满热情。马尔科姆作品的一个显著特点是他深深感受到他致力于重建穷人的生活，并认真对待他们的政治。和汤普森一样，他对过去工人的声音尤其强烈。在过去的四分之一世纪里，他的事业卓有成效，成为研究19世纪英国激进主义的重要历史学家，也是研究激进主义的主要权威(在一个拥挤的领域里)
{"title":"Malcolm Chase (1957–2020)","authors":"F. Bensimon, R. McWilliam","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbab028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbab028","url":null,"abstract":"Malcolm Chase, who has died aged sixty-three, was a strong supporter of History Workshop and a great embodiment of its ideals. He was steeped in the work of E. P. Thompson and cared passionately about history from below. One of the distinguishing features of Malcolm’s work was his deeply felt commitment to reconstructing the lives of the poor and taking their politics seriously. Like Thompson, he was particularly strong on the tone of workers’ voices in the past. In a remarkably productive career, over the last quarter century, he became an important historian of nineteenth-century British radicalism and the leading authority (in a crowded field) on","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44558485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article addresses the questions of the history of emotions to the German Peasants' War of 1524-5. The biggest popular uprising in Western Europe before the French Revolution, it overturned lordship in wide areas of Germany and beyond for about three months. It transformed the character of the Reformation as Luther condemned the peasant rebels. The revolt followed an emotional arc, shaped as much by the seasons as it was by the logic of revolution. The article argues that historians need to understand emotions and emotional cycles to understand how revolutions begin and unfold.
{"title":"Emotions and the German Peasants’ War of 1524–6","authors":"L. Roper","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbab020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbab020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article addresses the questions of the history of emotions to the German Peasants' War of 1524-5. The biggest popular uprising in Western Europe before the French Revolution, it overturned lordship in wide areas of Germany and beyond for about three months. It transformed the character of the Reformation as Luther condemned the peasant rebels. The revolt followed an emotional arc, shaped as much by the seasons as it was by the logic of revolution. The article argues that historians need to understand emotions and emotional cycles to understand how revolutions begin and unfold.","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41455727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Divided Kingdom writes the history of twentieth-century Britain through the lens of inequalities, divisions of wealth and power among Britain’s four nations, its relationship with empire/commonwealth, whose fault-lines – class, generation, gender, ethnicity, religion and region – shape how people live and what they can hope for. Aspiration and hope figure strongly in Pat Thane’s description of modern Britain. Writing in the long aftermath of the 2007–8 financial crash, during the austerity policies of the Coalition and Conservative governments with the clamour of Brexit ringing in her ears, Pat Thane – a contemporary historian of social policy whose previous work tracks the limits of liberal democracy across two or more centuries – asks how did we arrive at the present vertiginous economic, political and constitutional crisis? Why despite higher living standards and longer lives, does poverty continue to blight lives in Britain, the fifth richest nation in the OECD in 2017? The twentieth century opens with world events which were to mould and fracture Britain throughout the century: South African and Irish wars of colonial liberation, Scottish and Welsh devolution, the challenge to Britain’s imperial and economic power from Germany, Japan and the USA. Women’s suffrage, the formation of the Labour Party and the poverty surveys (initiated by philanthropists) marked the sea-change in domestic political economy. ‘Why are the many poor?’ was the starting point of those architects of Britain’s welfare state whose political careers began with settlement work in the 1900s. Poverty and its effects on human lives come into sharpest focus in Divided Kingdom, with the complex relation between people and social policy under closest scrutiny. In 1900 Britain was a world imperial and economic power ruled by a tiny propertied elite. One percent owned forty percent of Britain’s wealth – invested in empire, the City, business or mining the mineral deposits of their land. Yet some thirty percent of urban populations lived on or below a poverty line of bare subsistence. In 2015 the richest ten percent – financiers and elite professionals –owned forty-four percent of wealth. Five to six million people worked in the gig economy – jobs outsourced to the lowest
{"title":"Unequal Britain","authors":"Sally A. Alexander","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbab027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbab027","url":null,"abstract":"Divided Kingdom writes the history of twentieth-century Britain through the lens of inequalities, divisions of wealth and power among Britain’s four nations, its relationship with empire/commonwealth, whose fault-lines – class, generation, gender, ethnicity, religion and region – shape how people live and what they can hope for. Aspiration and hope figure strongly in Pat Thane’s description of modern Britain. Writing in the long aftermath of the 2007–8 financial crash, during the austerity policies of the Coalition and Conservative governments with the clamour of Brexit ringing in her ears, Pat Thane – a contemporary historian of social policy whose previous work tracks the limits of liberal democracy across two or more centuries – asks how did we arrive at the present vertiginous economic, political and constitutional crisis? Why despite higher living standards and longer lives, does poverty continue to blight lives in Britain, the fifth richest nation in the OECD in 2017? The twentieth century opens with world events which were to mould and fracture Britain throughout the century: South African and Irish wars of colonial liberation, Scottish and Welsh devolution, the challenge to Britain’s imperial and economic power from Germany, Japan and the USA. Women’s suffrage, the formation of the Labour Party and the poverty surveys (initiated by philanthropists) marked the sea-change in domestic political economy. ‘Why are the many poor?’ was the starting point of those architects of Britain’s welfare state whose political careers began with settlement work in the 1900s. Poverty and its effects on human lives come into sharpest focus in Divided Kingdom, with the complex relation between people and social policy under closest scrutiny. In 1900 Britain was a world imperial and economic power ruled by a tiny propertied elite. One percent owned forty percent of Britain’s wealth – invested in empire, the City, business or mining the mineral deposits of their land. Yet some thirty percent of urban populations lived on or below a poverty line of bare subsistence. In 2015 the richest ten percent – financiers and elite professionals –owned forty-four percent of wealth. Five to six million people worked in the gig economy – jobs outsourced to the lowest","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44830529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prompted by the closure of archives and new ways of working during lockdown, Su Lin Lewis and Robert Bickers find an unexpected intersection in their own family histories. Photographs of their grandparents were taken a decade and a hundred miles apart but betray parallel histories of migration, war, and social aspiration amid the decolonization of Malaya and the birth of a new Malaysia. The car is a symbol of social mobility both forwards and up, in a colony whose wealth of natural resources helped fuel the postwar explosion of the global middle class. This piece reminds us that even when we are confined to our homes, with albums as our archives, we can also find new possibilities in the banality of everyday social histories, perhaps richer when woven together.
{"title":"Four Lives, Two Cars, and a Colony","authors":"S. Lewis, Robert A. Bickers","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbab025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbab025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Prompted by the closure of archives and new ways of working during lockdown, Su Lin Lewis and Robert Bickers find an unexpected intersection in their own family histories. Photographs of their grandparents were taken a decade and a hundred miles apart but betray parallel histories of migration, war, and social aspiration amid the decolonization of Malaya and the birth of a new Malaysia. The car is a symbol of social mobility both forwards and up, in a colony whose wealth of natural resources helped fuel the postwar explosion of the global middle class. This piece reminds us that even when we are confined to our homes, with albums as our archives, we can also find new possibilities in the banality of everyday social histories, perhaps richer when woven together.","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48980841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When, during the Revolution, the French government committed to supporting the education of Deaf people, they left it to teachers to determine the methods and contents of this education. Less than a century later, the Ministry of the Interior of the third Republic reformed the teaching in use in most institutions in the direction of methods of pure speech. This moment coincided with the development of new categories to classify children in relation to the educational project, especially ‘backward’ and ‘abnormal’ at the turn of the twentieth-century. While Deaf writers did not oppose the teaching of speech, they soon questioned the legitimacy of this reform, and exposed the threats it posed for the development of Deaf pupils. In addition to examining the stakes and the impacts of the political decision, this paper will analyze the development of a poetics of contestation throughout Deaf writing, as manifested in the adoption of a variety of rhetorical strategies, ranging from irony to critical analysis, in the rewriting of the category of abnormality. This article will show how these years of struggle were also years of emancipation, insofar as the acquisition of language became a poetical and political act.
{"title":"The Spectre of Abnormality: Deaf Education and the Poetics of Contestation at the Turn of the Twentieth Century","authors":"Sabine Arnaud","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbaa031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbaa031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 When, during the Revolution, the French government committed to supporting the education of Deaf people, they left it to teachers to determine the methods and contents of this education. Less than a century later, the Ministry of the Interior of the third Republic reformed the teaching in use in most institutions in the direction of methods of pure speech. This moment coincided with the development of new categories to classify children in relation to the educational project, especially ‘backward’ and ‘abnormal’ at the turn of the twentieth-century. While Deaf writers did not oppose the teaching of speech, they soon questioned the legitimacy of this reform, and exposed the threats it posed for the development of Deaf pupils. In addition to examining the stakes and the impacts of the political decision, this paper will analyze the development of a poetics of contestation throughout Deaf writing, as manifested in the adoption of a variety of rhetorical strategies, ranging from irony to critical analysis, in the rewriting of the category of abnormality. This article will show how these years of struggle were also years of emancipation, insofar as the acquisition of language became a poetical and political act. ","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43197219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inspections of the body’s most intimate surfaces were crucial to rape cases in early modern England. Female medical experts evaluated bruises, lacerations, and stretched skin for evidence of a violation. Yet numerous courtroom investigations seemed to centre around the marks of venereal disease rather than sexual abuse. These cases reframed the focus of inquiry from rape to disease at nearly every step, from witnesses’ accounts of the discovery of rape to courtroom inspections of bodies and clothing. This article examines fifty-nine such cases and argues that placing the poxed body, as opposed to the ravished body, center stage made rape easier to communicate, convict, and condemn. More than a simple proxy for penetrative sex, venereal disease provided a detailed and morally loaded language for talking about otherwise unspeakable acts. And perhaps most importantly, the disease offered tangible, if contested, evidence of rape that could be touched, viewed, and evaluated by male – rather than female – medical experts. Venereal disease effectively refocused rape cases away from the kinds of words and bodily inspections that were viewed with suspicion and onto those that were deemed reliable.
{"title":"Poxed and Ravished: Venereal Disease in Early Modern Rape Trials","authors":"Olivia Weisser","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbab002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbab002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Inspections of the body’s most intimate surfaces were crucial to rape cases in early modern England. Female medical experts evaluated bruises, lacerations, and stretched skin for evidence of a violation. Yet numerous courtroom investigations seemed to centre around the marks of venereal disease rather than sexual abuse. These cases reframed the focus of inquiry from rape to disease at nearly every step, from witnesses’ accounts of the discovery of rape to courtroom inspections of bodies and clothing. This article examines fifty-nine such cases and argues that placing the poxed body, as opposed to the ravished body, center stage made rape easier to communicate, convict, and condemn. More than a simple proxy for penetrative sex, venereal disease provided a detailed and morally loaded language for talking about otherwise unspeakable acts. And perhaps most importantly, the disease offered tangible, if contested, evidence of rape that could be touched, viewed, and evaluated by male – rather than female – medical experts. Venereal disease effectively refocused rape cases away from the kinds of words and bodily inspections that were viewed with suspicion and onto those that were deemed reliable.","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46989583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
‘The Lion, the Children and the Bookcase’, Margaret Reynolds C.S. Lewis’s The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and Anne Frank’s diary, or The Diary of a Young Girl, were published in 1950 and 1947 respectively. Frank’s document is a testament to history. Lewis’s story is usually read as a fantasy or Christian allegory. But both books deal with the experience of racial hatred, betrayal, displacement, alienation, loss of identity and the damage inflicted on adults and on children. This article examines the connections, metaphorical and real, that link Frank’s statement of witness to Lewis’s reinterpretation of the effects of the 1939–45 war.
{"title":"The Lion, the Children and the Bookcase","authors":"Margaret Reynolds","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbab001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbab001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 ‘The Lion, the Children and the Bookcase’, Margaret Reynolds C.S. Lewis’s The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and Anne Frank’s diary, or The Diary of a Young Girl, were published in 1950 and 1947 respectively. Frank’s document is a testament to history. Lewis’s story is usually read as a fantasy or Christian allegory. But both books deal with the experience of racial hatred, betrayal, displacement, alienation, loss of identity and the damage inflicted on adults and on children. This article examines the connections, metaphorical and real, that link Frank’s statement of witness to Lewis’s reinterpretation of the effects of the 1939–45 war.","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48391211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How might histories of fascism in interwar Europe help us today? Languages of ‘fascism’ are now constantly in play – as warning and slogan; as emotional rallying-point; as rhetorics of recognition and abuse; as a boundary of legitimate politics – but rarely as carefully informed argument. For effective politics, we need historically grounded analysis that can avert tendentious and direct linkages that may be emotionally satisfying, but stop short of showing how fascism builds its appeal. What makes it seem a desirable ‘extra-systemic’ solution, as an alternative to the practices of democratic constitutionalism? What kind of crisis brings fascism onto the agenda?
{"title":"What is Fascism and Where does it Come From?","authors":"G. Eley","doi":"10.1093/hwj/dbab003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbab003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 How might histories of fascism in interwar Europe help us today? Languages of ‘fascism’ are now constantly in play – as warning and slogan; as emotional rallying-point; as rhetorics of recognition and abuse; as a boundary of legitimate politics – but rarely as carefully informed argument. For effective politics, we need historically grounded analysis that can avert tendentious and direct linkages that may be emotionally satisfying, but stop short of showing how fascism builds its appeal. What makes it seem a desirable ‘extra-systemic’ solution, as an alternative to the practices of democratic constitutionalism? What kind of crisis brings fascism onto the agenda?","PeriodicalId":46915,"journal":{"name":"History Workshop Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46478323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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