There has been limited engagement with reproductive violence in the field of transitional justice. Highlighting how, where this has taken place, reproductive violence has tended to be approached through the lens of sexual violence, this article problematises the category of ‘the sexual’ in understanding conflict-related violence. Advancing an approach to reproductive violence that centralises the notions of reproductive autonomy and choice, along with recognition of the structural conditions within which they can be exercised, the article argues that placing acts of reproductive violence within a frame of ‘sexual violence’ obscures the complexities of harm inflicted on women and masks the distinct gendered structures that underpin different forms of violence. The article ultimately argues that conceptualising reproductive violence in this way can contribute to greater understanding within transitional justice of the diverse harms experienced by women and has the potential to challenge the gendered normalisation of control over their reproductive functions.∞
{"title":"Reproductive Violence as a Category of Analysis: Disentangling the Relationship between ‘the Sexual’ and ‘the Reproductive’ in Transitional Justice","authors":"Ciaran Laverty, Dieneke de Vos","doi":"10.1093/IJTJ/IJAB022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/IJTJ/IJAB022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There has been limited engagement with reproductive violence in the field of transitional justice. Highlighting how, where this has taken place, reproductive violence has tended to be approached through the lens of sexual violence, this article problematises the category of ‘the sexual’ in understanding conflict-related violence. Advancing an approach to reproductive violence that centralises the notions of reproductive autonomy and choice, along with recognition of the structural conditions within which they can be exercised, the article argues that placing acts of reproductive violence within a frame of ‘sexual violence’ obscures the complexities of harm inflicted on women and masks the distinct gendered structures that underpin different forms of violence. The article ultimately argues that conceptualising reproductive violence in this way can contribute to greater understanding within transitional justice of the diverse harms experienced by women and has the potential to challenge the gendered normalisation of control over their reproductive functions.∞","PeriodicalId":46927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transitional Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49391840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Truth commissions","authors":"Hakeem O Yusuf","doi":"10.4324/9781315760568-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315760568-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transitional Justice","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73316095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prosecutions for abuses and gross violations of human rights","authors":"Hakeem O Yusuf","doi":"10.4324/9781315760568-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315760568-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transitional Justice","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73112193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew Songa, Annah Moyo-Kupeta, Nomathansanqa Masiko-Mpaka
Can reparations for victims of human rights violations help rebuild lives? We estimate the effects of reparations across the life cycle, leveraging variation induced by Colombia’s program for victims of the internal armed conflict. The reparations consist of large, one-off, lump-sum payments of up to 10,000 USD (PPP 26,000 USD) and represent, on average, three times recipients’ annual household income. We link comprehensive national administrative panel microdata and measure numerous individualand household-level outcomes, includingwork and living standards, health care utilization, and intergenerational impacts on victims’ children. We exploit the staggered rollout of reparation payouts and the unexpected timing of their receipt using event study approaches and document three main sets of results. First, reparations cause an immediate decrease in the probability of formal employment driven by shifts out of low-pay, high-risk, salaried jobs. Three years after receipt, victims have higher wages and are more likely to own an active business. Second, reparations cause an economically meaningful decrease in health care utilization, consistent with improved health due to better working and living conditions. Third, reparations increase high school test scores and college attendance rates of victims’ children. We conclude that the large transfers of money provided by reparations allow households to make fundamental investments, narrow the gaps formed due to conflict, and appear to be an effective policy tool to promote recovery and development. JEL: H31, H50, I2, I38, D74 ∗Corresponding author: Arlen Guarin is Ph.D. Candidate in Economics at the University of California, Berkeley, aguariga@berkeley.edu. Juliana Londoño-Vélez is Assistant Professor of Economics at UCLA and NBER Faculty Research Fellow, j.londonovelez@econ.ucla.edu. Christian Posso is Researcher at Banco de la República de Colombia (Central Bank), cpossosu@banrep.gov.co. We are grateful to Emmanuel Saez, Edward A. Miguel, Hilary Hoynes, and David Card for their helpful feedback, support, and encouragement. We thank Kaveh Danesh, Fred Finan, Rema Hanna, Ana María Ibáñez, Larry Katz, Supreet Kaur, Pat Kline, Adriana Lleras-Muney, Enrico Moretti, Paul Niehaus, Jesse Rothstein, Yotam Shem-Tov, Catalina Vallejo, and Christopher Walters for insightful suggestions, aswell asmany seminar participants for helpful comments. We thank Badir Ali Badran, Juan Sebastián Vargas, CarlosMedina, Fabio Sánchez, and Santiago Rengifo for their generous help and feedback. Silvia Granados, Sara Londoño, Nicolás Mancera, Brayan Pineda, Estefanía Saravia, and Santiago Velásquez Bonilla provided outstanding research assistance. Arlen and Juliana gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Center for Effective Global Action, theWeiss Family Program Fund, and the Center for Equitable Growth at UC Berkeley. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the vie
对侵犯人权行为受害者的赔偿是否有助于重建生活?我们估计了整个生命周期的赔偿影响，利用哥伦比亚对内部武装冲突受害者的方案所引起的变化。这些赔偿金包括大额、一次性、一次性支付，最高可达10,000美元(购买力平价为26,000美元)，平均相当于受援者家庭年收入的三倍。我们将全面的国家行政小组微观数据联系起来，并衡量了许多个人和家庭层面的结果，包括工作和生活水平、医疗保健利用以及对受害者儿童的代际影响。我们利用事件研究方法，利用赔偿金的交错发放和意外的收款时间，并记录了三组主要结果。首先，赔偿导致正式就业的可能性立即下降，这是由低薪、高风险、带薪工作的转移所驱动的。收到救济三年后，受害者的工资更高，而且更有可能拥有一家活跃的企业。第二，赔偿使医疗保健的利用在经济上有意义地减少，这与工作和生活条件改善所带来的健康改善相一致。第三，赔偿提高了受害者子女的高中考试成绩和大学出勤率。我们的结论是，由赔偿提供的大笔资金转移使家庭能够进行基本投资，缩小因冲突而形成的差距，并且似乎是促进复苏和发展的有效政策工具。JEL: H31, H50, I2, I38, D74 *。通讯作者:Arlen Guarin，美国加州大学伯克利分校经济学博士研究生，aguariga@berkeley.edu。朱莉安娜Londoño-Vélez，加州大学洛杉矶分校经济学助理教授，美国国家经济研究局研究员，j.londonovelez@econ.ucla.edu。克里斯蒂安·波索，República哥伦比亚中央银行研究员，cpossosu@banrep.gov.co。我们非常感谢Emmanuel Saez, Edward A. Miguel, Hilary Hoynes和David Card的反馈，支持和鼓励。我们感谢Kaveh Danesh, Fred Finan, Rema Hanna, Ana María Ibáñez, Larry Katz, Supreet Kaur, Pat Kline, Adriana Lleras-Muney, Enrico Moretti, Paul Niehaus, Jesse Rothstein, Yotam Shem-Tov, Catalina Vallejo和Christopher Walters提出的有见地的建议，以及许多研讨会参与者提出的有益意见。我们感谢巴迪尔·阿里·巴德兰、胡安·Sebastián巴尔加斯、卡洛斯·梅迪纳、法比奥Sánchez和圣地亚哥·伦吉福的慷慨帮助和反馈。Silvia Granados, Sara Londoño, Nicolás Mancera, Brayan Pineda, Estefanía Saravia和Santiago Velásquez Bonilla提供了出色的研究协助。艾伦和朱莉安娜感谢来自全球有效行动中心、韦斯家庭项目基金和加州大学伯克利分校公平增长中心的财政支持。本文中表达的发现、解释和结论不一定反映Banco de la República或其董事会的观点。
{"title":"Reparations","authors":"Andrew Songa, Annah Moyo-Kupeta, Nomathansanqa Masiko-Mpaka","doi":"10.4324/9781315760568-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315760568-7","url":null,"abstract":"Can reparations for victims of human rights violations help rebuild lives? We estimate the effects of reparations across the life cycle, leveraging variation induced by Colombia’s program for victims of the internal armed conflict. The reparations consist of large, one-off, lump-sum payments of up to 10,000 USD (PPP 26,000 USD) and represent, on average, three times recipients’ annual household income. We link comprehensive national administrative panel microdata and measure numerous individualand household-level outcomes, includingwork and living standards, health care utilization, and intergenerational impacts on victims’ children. We exploit the staggered rollout of reparation payouts and the unexpected timing of their receipt using event study approaches and document three main sets of results. First, reparations cause an immediate decrease in the probability of formal employment driven by shifts out of low-pay, high-risk, salaried jobs. Three years after receipt, victims have higher wages and are more likely to own an active business. Second, reparations cause an economically meaningful decrease in health care utilization, consistent with improved health due to better working and living conditions. Third, reparations increase high school test scores and college attendance rates of victims’ children. We conclude that the large transfers of money provided by reparations allow households to make fundamental investments, narrow the gaps formed due to conflict, and appear to be an effective policy tool to promote recovery and development. JEL: H31, H50, I2, I38, D74 ∗Corresponding author: Arlen Guarin is Ph.D. Candidate in Economics at the University of California, Berkeley, aguariga@berkeley.edu. Juliana Londoño-Vélez is Assistant Professor of Economics at UCLA and NBER Faculty Research Fellow, j.londonovelez@econ.ucla.edu. Christian Posso is Researcher at Banco de la República de Colombia (Central Bank), cpossosu@banrep.gov.co. We are grateful to Emmanuel Saez, Edward A. Miguel, Hilary Hoynes, and David Card for their helpful feedback, support, and encouragement. We thank Kaveh Danesh, Fred Finan, Rema Hanna, Ana María Ibáñez, Larry Katz, Supreet Kaur, Pat Kline, Adriana Lleras-Muney, Enrico Moretti, Paul Niehaus, Jesse Rothstein, Yotam Shem-Tov, Catalina Vallejo, and Christopher Walters for insightful suggestions, aswell asmany seminar participants for helpful comments. We thank Badir Ali Badran, Juan Sebastián Vargas, CarlosMedina, Fabio Sánchez, and Santiago Rengifo for their generous help and feedback. Silvia Granados, Sara Londoño, Nicolás Mancera, Brayan Pineda, Estefanía Saravia, and Santiago Velásquez Bonilla provided outstanding research assistance. Arlen and Juliana gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Center for Effective Global Action, theWeiss Family Program Fund, and the Center for Equitable Growth at UC Berkeley. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the vie","PeriodicalId":46927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transitional Justice","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85233262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.4324/9781315760568-13
Hugo van der Merwe, R. Chelin, Masana Ndinga-Kanga
{"title":"‘Measuring’ transitional justice","authors":"Hugo van der Merwe, R. Chelin, Masana Ndinga-Kanga","doi":"10.4324/9781315760568-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315760568-13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transitional Justice","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89447286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The case for judicial accountability in transitional societies","authors":"Hakeem O Yusuf","doi":"10.4324/9781315760568-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315760568-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transitional Justice","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84853763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transitional justice and ‘local’ justice\u0000 1","authors":"Dustin N. Sharp","doi":"10.4324/9781315760568-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315760568-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transitional Justice","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88225491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Balancing justice and long-term peace and security in a postconflict context is highly complex. This article discusses the challenges in Iraq’s post-IS (Islamic State) landscape. Based on a review of relevant Arabic, English and Persian academic scholarship on Islamic law and Islamic political science on accountability and transitional justice, it discusses what Islamic law dictates state authorities to do with detained suspects of atrocity crimes and terrorism and explores possibilities in Islamic law to balance justice and long-term peace and security. The article concludes that crimes against the state should, according to Islamic law, in principle lead to harsh punishments. However, that same body of law also provides for opportunities to adopt non-retributive alternatives, if this allows government to more swiftly handle the security crisis, re-establish public harmony and prevent further bloodshed in the future. The popular perception of the Iraqi people supporting retributive approaches could however pose an important barrier that could block any changes to Iraq’s current transitional justice approach.
{"title":"Islamic Law and the Balancing of Justice and Peace in Iraq’s Post-IS Landscape","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Mojtahedi, J. Wijk","doi":"10.1093/ijtj/ijab012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijab012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Balancing justice and long-term peace and security in a postconflict context is highly complex. This article discusses the challenges in Iraq’s post-IS (Islamic State) landscape. Based on a review of relevant Arabic, English and Persian academic scholarship on Islamic law and Islamic political science on accountability and transitional justice, it discusses what Islamic law dictates state authorities to do with detained suspects of atrocity crimes and terrorism and explores possibilities in Islamic law to balance justice and long-term peace and security. The article concludes that crimes against the state should, according to Islamic law, in principle lead to harsh punishments. However, that same body of law also provides for opportunities to adopt non-retributive alternatives, if this allows government to more swiftly handle the security crisis, re-establish public harmony and prevent further bloodshed in the future. The popular perception of the Iraqi people supporting retributive approaches could however pose an important barrier that could block any changes to Iraq’s current transitional justice approach.","PeriodicalId":46927,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transitional Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48158459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：