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Questing a walkable city: a case of urban neighbourhood walkability environment in Bangladesh 寻求一个可步行的城市:以孟加拉国城市街区可步行环境为例
IF 1.3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1108/jpmd-11-2020-0108
A. Shuaib, M. Rana
PurposeWhat makes neighbourhood environment more walkable is an important question for urban planning and design research. The purpose of this paper is to explore this question through a case study of urban sidewalks in different contexts of urban neighbourhoods in Rajshahi city of Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachUsing participatory observation, Google street view and photography techniques, it examines the quality of the street facilities by demonstrating physical attributes of sidewalks and by analysing how various obstructions on them characterize neighbourhood walkability environment.FindingsThe findings suggest that the unusable sidewalks in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh, are a production of inadequate and inappropriate planning and design that unable to capitalize the functionality of sidewalks as a means of walking. It further argues that the urban planners and designers of streets have paid little attention to the diverse requirements of sidewalks in accordance with spatial and socio-economic categories of urban neighbourhoods.Originality/valueThis study adds insights about the urban sidewalks planning and design in the context of a developing country. It provides an empirical evidence about the constraints and potentials of making a walkable city.
目的如何使街区环境更适合步行是城市规划设计研究的一个重要问题。本文的目的是通过对孟加拉国拉杰沙希市不同城市街区背景下的城市人行道的案例研究来探讨这个问题。设计/方法/方法使用参与式观察、谷歌街景和摄影技术,它通过展示人行道的物理属性以及分析人行道上的各种障碍物如何表征街区步行环境来检验街道设施的质量。调查结果表明,孟加拉国拉杰沙希市无法使用的人行道是由于规划和设计不充分和不恰当,无法利用人行道的功能作为步行手段。它进一步认为,城市规划者和街道设计师很少注意到根据城市街区的空间和社会经济类别对人行道的不同要求。原创性/价值本研究为发展中国家的城市人行道规划和设计提供了见解。它提供了一个关于建设一个可步行城市的制约因素和潜力的经验证据。
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引用次数: 3
Urban regeneration strategies and place development in contemporary Tokyo: the case of Shibuya Station area 当代东京的城市更新策略与场所发展:以涩谷车站地区为例
IF 1.3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.1108/jpmd-04-2021-0046
Marco Reggiani
PurposeThis paper aims to shed light on current initiatives of urban regeneration around the Shibuya Station area within the context of contemporary Tokyo’s place development strategies. The objectives are twofold: to illustrate the characteristics of the plans and the planning approaches framing the interventions; and to identify the strategies employed to reshape the cityscape.Design/methodology/approachUsing a case study approach, this paper combines data from historical and archival research, as well as policy documents and plans. These are supplemented by data from extensive fieldwork undertaken between 2015 and 2019 to critically assess and interpret the implemented policies and the outcomes of the regeneration.FindingsThe paper provides insight into the ongoing urban regeneration around the Shibuya Station area and identifies five key themes that summarise the strategies employed to transform the urban landscape in the area. Despite the apparent success and some innovations introduced by the redevelopment project, critical issues remain–especially around the privatisation of public space and the lack of a holistic approach to sustainability.Originality/valueThe paper examines a significant and timely case of urban regeneration. By critically discussing the implications of the redevelopment around Shibuya Station in the context of Tokyo’s current place development strategies, the study highlights the importance of an inclusive notion of sustainable development and contributes to the debate around Japanese urbanism and urban regeneration.
目的本文旨在阐明在当代东京地方发展战略的背景下,涩谷站周围城市复兴的当前举措。目标有两个:说明计划的特点和制定干预措施的规划方法;以及确定重塑城市景观所采用的策略。设计/方法/方法本文采用案例研究的方法,结合了历史和档案研究的数据,以及政策文件和计划。这些数据由2015年至2019年期间进行的广泛实地调查的数据补充,以批判性地评估和解释实施的政策和再生的结果。发现该论文深入了解了涩谷站地区正在进行的城市更新,并确定了五个关键主题,总结了该地区城市景观改造策略。尽管重建项目取得了明显的成功,并引入了一些创新,但关键问题仍然存在,尤其是公共空间私有化和缺乏全面的可持续性方法。原创性/价值本文考察了一个重要而及时的城市再生案例。通过在东京当前地方发展战略的背景下批判性地讨论涩谷站周围重建的影响,该研究强调了可持续发展的包容性概念的重要性,并为围绕日本城市化和城市再生的辩论做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 3
Street-level bureaucrats: tensions and challenges in online placemaking 街头官僚:网络场所制作的紧张与挑战
IF 1.3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1108/jpmd-01-2021-0008
Pieter Breek, J. Eshuis, J. Hermes
PurposeSocial media have become a key part of placemaking. Placemaking revolves around collaboration between multiple stakeholders, which requires ongoing two-way communication between local government and citizens. Although social media offer promising tools for local governments and public professionals in placemaking, they have not lived up to their potential. This paper aims to uncover the tensions and challenges that social media bring for public professionals at the street level in placemaking processes.Design/methodology/approachThis study aims to fill this gap with a case study of area brokers engaged in online placemaking in Amsterdam. In total, 14 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted, focusing on area brokers’ social media practices, perceptions and challenges. The authors used an open coding strategy in the first phase of coding. In the second phase, the authors regrouped codes in thematic categories with the use of sensitizing concepts derived from the theoretical review.FindingsThe use of social media for placemaking imposes demands on area brokers from three sides: the bureaucracy, the affordances of social media and affective publics. The paper unpacks pressures area brokers are under and the (emotional) labour they carry out to align policy and bureaucratic requirements with adequate communication needed in neighbourhood affairs on social media. The tensions and the multidimensionality of what is required explain the reluctance of area brokers to exploit the potential of social media in their work.Originality/valueSeveral studies have addressed the use of social media in placemaking, but all neglected the perspective of street-level bureaucrats who shape the placemaking process in direct contact with citizens.
目的社交媒体已经成为制作场所的关键部分。选址围绕着多个利益相关者之间的合作,这需要地方政府和公民之间持续的双向沟通。尽管社交媒体为地方政府和公共专业人员提供了很有前途的工具,但它们并没有发挥出自己的潜力。本文旨在揭示社交媒体在场所制作过程中给街头公共专业人员带来的紧张和挑战。设计/方法/方法本研究旨在通过对阿姆斯特丹从事在线场所制作的区域经纪人的案例研究来填补这一空白。总共进行了14次深入的半结构化采访,重点关注区域经纪人的社交媒体实践、看法和挑战。作者在编码的第一阶段使用了开放编码策略。在第二阶段,作者使用从理论综述中得出的敏感概念,将代码重新分组为主题类别。发现利用社交媒体进行选址从三个方面对区域经纪人提出了要求:官僚机构、社交媒体的可供性和情感公众。该论文揭示了地区经纪人所承受的压力,以及他们为使政策和官僚要求与社区事务在社交媒体上所需的充分沟通保持一致而进行的(情感)劳动。紧张局势和所需内容的多维性解释了地区经纪人不愿在工作中利用社交媒体的潜力。独创性/价值一些研究探讨了社交媒体在场所制作中的使用,但都忽略了街头官僚的观点,他们通过与公民的直接接触来塑造场所制作过程。
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引用次数: 1
Retaining social and cultural sustainability in the Hudson river watershed of New York, USA, a place-based participatory action research study 在美国纽约哈德逊河流域保持社会和文化的可持续性:一项基于地的参与式行动研究
IF 1.3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-11 DOI: 10.1108/jpmd-01-2021-0002
C. Balsas
PurposeSocietal problems have impacted the northeast of the USA for various generations. This paper aims to analyse various sustainability aspects in the Hudson River watershed of New York by highlighting a temporal progression from environmental sustainability at the watershed level in the 1970s to growing concerns with more localized cross-border social and cultural sustainability in recent decades. We discuss an engagement with the Rapp Road Historic District and a documentary screening series as potential ways to eliminate racism and embrace diversity.Design/methodology/approachThe research was based on fieldwork and classroom teaching conducted mostly since summer 2014. It included mixed methods combining document analysis and reviews with the examination of case studies, and the assessment of public policy priorities.FindingsFormal training has to be combined with a substantial dose of realism, humility and motivation to recognize that what the authors teach and research in the community matters. Future learning experiences within a place-based education paradigm could include: Having students help devise urban rehabilitation strategies whilst suggesting integrative measures with the surrounding built and natural environments; students could also help improve public spaces in the neighbourhood; and finally, they could also help to strengthen the cultural identity of the district by augmenting urban design features endogenous to the African American community.Practical implicationsOpportunities could be further augmented with service-learning projects and programmes, internships and even full-time jobs for recent graduates in local community development organizations.Social implicationsThe study served to raise the community’s awareness of its own natural, ecological and human assets, and to create place-based real-world opportunities for students and faculty in environmental and cultural sustainability studies.Originality/valueEnvironmental sustainability is discussed with the creation of the Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area, whilst the public engagement with the Rapp Road Historic Association in the Capital Region of upstate New York, the identification of an emerging creative cluster in the Berkshires-Hudson region, and a documentary and discussion series on striving for diverse cities serve to demonstrate current concerns with social and cultural sustainability.
社会问题已经影响了美国东北部几代人。本文旨在通过强调从20世纪70年代流域层面的环境可持续性到近几十年来越来越关注更本地化的跨界社会和文化可持续性的时间进展,分析纽约哈德逊河流域的各种可持续性方面。我们讨论了与拉普路历史街区的合作,以及一系列纪录片放映,作为消除种族主义和拥抱多样性的潜在途径。设计/方法/方法研究基于实地调查和课堂教学,主要从2014年夏季开始进行。它包括混合方法,将文件分析和审查与审查个案研究结合起来,并评估公共政策优先事项。正式的培训必须与大量的现实主义、谦逊和动机相结合,以认识到作者在社区中所教授和研究的内容是重要的。在基于地的教育模式下,未来的学习经验可能包括:让学生帮助设计城市修复策略,同时建议与周围建筑和自然环境相结合的措施;学生还可以帮助改善社区的公共空间;最后,它们还可以通过增加非裔美国人社区的内生城市设计特征,帮助加强该地区的文化认同。实际影响为应届毕业生提供更多的服务学习项目和计划、实习机会,甚至是本地社区发展组织的全职工作。社会意义这项研究有助于提高社会对香港自然、生态和人力资源的认识,并为学生和教师在环境和文化可持续发展方面的研究创造基于实地的机会。创意/价值哈德逊河谷国家遗产区的创建讨论了环境可持续性,同时公众参与了纽约州北部首都地区的拉普路历史协会,确定了伯克夏-哈德逊地区新兴创意集群,以及关于努力实现多样化城市的纪录片和讨论系列,以展示当前对社会和文化可持续性的关注。
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引用次数: 0
Tokyo, Japan – urbanistic hybridity in a networked metropolis 日本东京——网络大都市中的城市混合
IF 1.3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.1108/jpmd-02-2021-0015
J. Santos
PurposeThis paper aims to identify relevant innovations in Tokyo’s spatial articulation of infrastructure, building and public space, intertwining large-scale networks with local scale urban fabrics, to inform urban management towards sustainable urban transitions.Design/methodology/approachThe research used a methodological combination of literature review, relevant case identification and analysis, on-site survey and photography, morphological interpretation through cartographic analysis and urban space and architectural redrawing and discussion under the conceptual framework.FindingsUnder Japan’s cultural construct, public/private thresholds are blurred and layered, defining a public space network which includes not only large-scale urban objects, such as railroad and commercial hubs but also small scale, hybrid and rather aweless forms of urban space, which can be of interest to the challenges of sustainable urban transition.Research limitations/implicationsAdaptations in urban management and design need to consider the multi-scalar embeddedness of urban networks in local fabrics, considering public space structure and socio-cultural specificities. Limitations to growth-oriented rationale require increasingly decentralized networks and more hybrid spatial configurations in buildings, infrastructures and public space.Originality/valueTokyo represents an example of how a network-dependent metropolis, accommodates highly adaptive, inconspicuous and decentralized forms of basic service provision with an impact on the perception, use and management of public space. The main argument lies in the potential that these spatial arrangements hold as references for contemporary urban management and design in what pertains to societal challenges, low-carbon transition and network optimization.
目的本文旨在确定东京基础设施、建筑和公共空间的空间衔接方面的相关创新,将大型网络与当地规模的城市结构交织在一起,为城市管理向可持续城市转型提供信息。设计/方法论/方法研究采用了文献综述、相关案例识别和分析、现场调查和摄影、通过制图分析进行的形态解释以及概念框架下的城市空间和建筑重新绘制和讨论的方法论组合。发现在日本的文化结构下,公共/私人的门槛是模糊和分层的,定义了一个公共空间网络,它不仅包括铁路和商业枢纽等大型城市物体,还包括小规模、混合和相当令人敬畏的城市空间形式,这可能对可持续城市转型的挑战感兴趣。研究局限性/含义城市管理和设计中的适应需要考虑城市网络在当地结构中的多尺度嵌入性,考虑公共空间结构和社会文化特征。对以增长为导向的基本原理的限制要求在建筑、基础设施和公共空间中建立越来越分散的网络和更多的混合空间配置。独创性/价值东京代表了一个依赖网络的大都市如何适应高度适应性、不显眼和分散的基本服务提供形式,并对公共空间的感知、使用和管理产生影响的例子。主要论点在于,这些空间安排有可能作为当代城市管理和设计的参考,以应对社会挑战、低碳转型和网络优化。
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引用次数: 1
Accessibility and inclusive use of public spaces within the city-centre of Ibadan, Nigeria 尼日利亚伊巴丹市中心公共空间的可达性和包容性使用
IF 1.3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.1108/jpmd-08-2020-0077
A. Ikudayisi, A. Taiwo
PurposeIssues pertaining to accessibility and inclusiveness of public spaces are not explicitly discussed in developing nations. Thus, this study aims to explore how ease of access and socio-economic status of residents influence the use of city-centre public spaces in Ibadan, Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachA survey involving users (N = 427) of three different types of public spaces (shopping mall, park and recreational centre) was undertaken. Statistical analysis including Kruskal Wallis H-test and ordered logistic regression analysis were used in determining the differences in the public spaces attributes and predicting the determinants of use.FindingsThe analysis revealed that the use of a private car, income and gender significantly predict the frequency of use. It was observed that the determinants of public space use differ across the three categories. In particular, accessibility better predicted the use of the park than it did for the shopping mall or the recreation club.Practical implicationsIt brings to fore ways through which city planning in developing countries can address social exclusion and spatial disparity within city-centres. Specifically, new proposals need to be sensitive to the walkability potentials when sitting parks whilst holistic efforts must be directed towards group-specific needs when planning shopping malls and recreation clubs. City management strategies, policies and incentives are required to encourage the use of public transportation systems within city-centre spaces as it presents a vital platform for improving access and inclusive use.Originality/valueThe study fills the gap in the literature by extending knowledge on certain aspects of city-centre’s public spaces in a unique cultural setting. The implications of socioeconomic disparity on public space use became apparent.
目的发展中国家没有明确讨论公共空间的可及性和包容性问题。因此,本研究旨在探讨尼日利亚伊巴丹市居民的出入便利性和社会经济地位如何影响市中心公共空间的使用。设计/方法/方法对三种不同类型的公共空间(购物中心、公园和娱乐中心)的用户(N=427)进行了调查。使用包括Kruskal-Wallis H检验和有序逻辑回归分析在内的统计分析来确定公共空间属性的差异并预测使用的决定因素。结果分析显示,私家车的使用、收入和性别对使用频率有显著预测作用。据观察,公共空间使用的决定因素在三个类别中有所不同。特别是,与购物中心或娱乐俱乐部相比,无障碍性更好地预测了公园的使用情况。实践意义它提出了发展中国家城市规划如何解决城市中心内的社会排斥和空间差距问题。具体而言,在规划购物中心和娱乐俱乐部时,新提案需要对停车场的可步行性潜力保持敏感,同时必须针对特定群体的需求做出整体努力。需要制定城市管理战略、政策和激励措施,鼓励在市中心空间内使用公共交通系统,因为它为改善出行和包容性使用提供了重要平台。原创性/价值本研究通过在独特的文化背景下扩展对市中心公共空间某些方面的知识,填补了文献中的空白。社会经济差异对公共空间使用的影响变得显而易见。
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引用次数: 1
A place to work: examining workplace location attributes that appeal to generation Y and Z talent 工作场所:研究吸引Y世代和Z世代人才的工作场所位置属性
IF 1.3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.1108/jpmd-08-2020-0081
Wasuthon Wisuchat, Viriya Taecharungroj
PurposeThis paper aims to identify and to compare workplace location attributes that appealed to Generation Y and Z talent.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants to identify workplace location attributes. Choice-based conjoint surveys were collected from 750 Generation Y and Z individuals in the talent pool of Bangkok, Thailand to compare the importance of attributes.FindingsThe most important workplace location attribute was the availability and diversity of restaurants followed by place appearance, traffic density, availability of public workspaces, public transport and after-work activities. Transport-related attributes were more important for older generations, whereas public workspaces and place appearance were more important for younger talent.Practical implicationsTo attract talent, the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) should address the weaknesses of potential workplace locations through efficient, low-cost and rapid development plans. Although Bangkok is known for street food, BMA policies that promote restaurants as the most important attribute are limited. The BMA should initiate plans to promote the availability and diversity of restaurants. Innovation districts in Bangkok should connect to restaurants and food networks in their vicinity.Originality/valueThe existing literature explored factors that attract talent at the city level, but no study has investigated attractiveness at the workplace location level. Despite some similarities, workplace location attributes identified in this study were more specific than city-level attributes.
本文旨在识别和比较吸引Y世代和Z世代人才的工作场所位置属性。设计/方法/方法对12名参与者进行了半结构化访谈,以确定工作场所的位置属性。基于选择的联合调查收集了泰国曼谷人才库中的750名Y世代和Z世代个人,以比较属性的重要性。研究发现,最重要的工作地点属性是餐馆的可用性和多样性,其次是场所外观、交通密度、公共工作空间的可用性、公共交通和下班后的活动。对于老一辈来说,交通相关的属性更重要,而对于年轻人才来说,公共工作空间和场所外观更重要。为了吸引人才,曼谷市政府(BMA)应该通过高效、低成本和快速的发展计划来解决潜在工作地点的弱点。虽然曼谷以街头小吃而闻名,但BMA将餐馆作为最重要的属性来推广的政策是有限的。BMA应该启动计划,以促进餐馆的可用性和多样性。曼谷的创新区应该与附近的餐馆和食品网络相连。现有文献探讨了城市层面吸引人才的因素,但没有研究调查了工作地点层面的吸引力。尽管有一些相似之处,但在这项研究中确定的工作场所位置属性比城市层面的属性更具体。
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引用次数: 5
Guest editorial 客人编辑
IF 1.3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-30 DOI: 10.1108/jpmd-08-2021-134
Cecilia Cassinger, Andrea Lucarelli, Szilvia Gyimothy
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引用次数: 0
Placemaking and pastoral park planning in Japan: the Showa case 日本的场所营造与田园公园规划:昭和案例
IF 1.3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1108/jpmd-02-2021-0018
Ronald A. Davidson
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to critically assess how a National Government Park in Tokyo aims to commemorate the first 50 years of the Showa era (1926–1976), a time of drastic upheaval and societal change, with a naturalistic landscape.Design/methodology/approachThe author investigated the park by conducting a literature review, making observations in the park on multiple occasions, conducting a survey of and interviews with park users and compiling photographs.FindingsThe author found that the park nostalgically highlights the early 1950s as the essence of Showa Japan. These few years represent a lull between the two Showa-era upheavals of war and rapid development and urbanization, and symbolize a last flowering of Japan’s 2,000-year-old agrarian way of life. The nostalgic presentation of Japan’s rural essence presents, the author argues, a different nationalist narrative than the military-glorifying variant that has gained traction since the end of the Cold War.Social implicationsAccording to critical theorists, society and space are dialectically related and mutually constitutive. The nationalist vision of a landscape, then – including the park’s landscape – has potential to inform and help shape social beliefs and values.Originality/valueWhile Japanese nationalism is a major topic among Western academics, the literature on nationalist landscapes in Japan – with the exception of “obviously” symbolic sites, such as Yasukuni Shrine – is extremely limited. This paper helps fill the gap.
本研究的目的是批判性地评估东京国立政府公园如何以自然主义的景观来纪念昭和时代(1926-1976)的前50年,这是一个剧烈动荡和社会变革的时代。设计/方法/方法作者通过文献综述,在公园内多次观察,对公园用户进行调查和访谈,并收集照片进行调查。作者发现,该公园怀旧地突出了20世纪50年代初作为昭和日本的精髓。这几年代表了昭和时代的两次战争动荡与快速发展和城市化之间的平静,象征着日本2000年农业生活方式的最后一次繁荣。作者认为,对日本乡村本质的怀旧呈现呈现出一种不同的民族主义叙事,而不是自冷战结束以来获得吸引力的美化军事的变体。社会意蕴批判理论家认为,社会与空间是辩证联系、相互构成的。因此,民族主义者对景观的看法——包括公园的景观——有可能告知并帮助塑造社会信仰和价值观。原创性/价值虽然日本民族主义是西方学术界的一个主要话题,但关于日本民族主义景观的文献——除了“明显”具有象征意义的地点,如靖国神社——极其有限。本文有助于填补这一空白。
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引用次数: 1
Residents risk perception of P2P vacation accommodation 居民对P2P度假住宿的风险认知
IF 1.3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.1108/jpmd-06-2020-0051
R. Camprubí, J. B. Garau-Vadell
PurposePeer-to-peer (P2P) vacation accommodation has recently emerged as a disruptive new form of tourism development. Its potential negative impacts (economic, socio-cultural and environmental) may make residents feel at risk. Therefore, this paper aims to explore residents’ risk perceptions related to the growth of P2P vacation accommodation.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical study was conducted in Mallorca (Spain) among 529 residents and a cluster analysis was carried out.FindingsResults indicate clearly differentiated sociodemographic and attitudinal profiles, which can be classified into four tourist types. The conclusions of the paper suggest implications for tourist managers.Originality/valueIn the field of tourism studies, risk perception has been explored from the perspective of both tourists and hosts. To date, however, residents’ perception of risk has received little attention. Given the importance of resident-tourist interaction in fostering successful destinations this paper focusing on this arena.
目的点对点(P2P)度假住宿最近成为一种破坏性的旅游发展新形式。其潜在的负面影响(经济、社会文化和环境)可能会让居民感到风险。因此,本文旨在探讨居民对P2P度假住宿增长的风险认知。设计/方法/方法在马略卡岛(西班牙)对529名居民进行了实证研究,并进行了聚类分析。调查结果表明,社会人口和态度特征明显不同,可分为四种旅游类型。论文的结论对旅游管理者提出了启示。创意/价值在旅游研究领域,从游客和东道主的角度探讨了风险感知。然而,到目前为止,居民对风险的感知很少受到关注。鉴于居民与游客互动在培养成功目的地方面的重要性,本文将重点放在这一领域。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Journal of Place Management and Development
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