International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion最新文献

Prior research showed a reverse U-shaped or Kuznets curve association between road deaths and income growth. However, no research has linked income growth to elderly road deaths (ERD). This study uses the fixed effects negative binomial panel regression on 82 countries over 30 years to close this gap. Results show a Kuznets curve association between the ERD rate and per capita Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP). The ERD rate rises with per capita RGDP to a threshold, and then declines as income continues to grow. Additionally, increasing income disparity delays this critical turning point associated with increasing per capita RGDP. This study also reveals a reverse U-shaped association between urbanization (URB) and ERD rate, with ERD rate peaking in countries with diverse traffic conditions and less road choice. Considering economic and demographic changes, this study emphasises the need for ERD rate reduction policies.

As Taiwan transitions into a super-aged society, elderly road users face increasing risks of traffic accidents due to age-related physiological and cognitive decline. This study compared traffic accident characteristics between young-elderly (65-74 years) and older-elderly (≥75 years) road users in Taiwan, where motorcycles dominate the transportation environment. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were applied to examine differences in accident characteristics, injury and fatality proportions, and urbanization areas, while logistic regression were used to assess the age-related differences in injury and fatality outcomes. The results showed that motor accidents were prevalent among the elderly. Compared with the young-elderly, the older-elderly had higher injury and fatality proportions, with lower proportion of car accidents but higher proportions of bicycle and pedestrian accidents. In addition, drunk driving was more prevalent among the young-elderly across all vehicle types, whereas unlicensed motor vehicle driving was more common among the older-elderly. These findings reveal distinct risk patterns between elderly subgroups and underscore the need for targeted interventions to enhance traffic safety in both aging populations and motorcycle-dependent societies.

This study examines the epidemiology of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), which ranks third globally in fatalities, with a focus on Oman. The analysis used secondary data from World Road Safety Reports across 22 EMR member states. Trained national coordinators collected data from various sectors. Descriptive statistics summarized fatality rates and trends, while comparative analysis assessed regional differences. Additional sources included UN regulations, the UN Population Division, and World Bank indicators. The EMR, representing about 8.8% of the global population, accounts for 10.51% of all RTI fatalities, with a fatality rate of 16.4 per 100,000, compared to 9.3 in Europe. Among high-income countries, the average rate is 10.0 per 100,000. The highest rates are in Saudi Arabia (18.5) and Oman (11.0). Oman reduced its RTI fatalities from 29.5 per 100,000 in 2013 to 11 in 2023, with 497 fatalities reported that year; 21% involved four-wheeled vehicles and pedestrians. Oman must enhance the enforcement of road safety laws. A focus on protecting vulnerable road users and community involvement is essential for meeting the Sustainable Development Goals of reducing RTI deaths by 2030.

Vehicle safety assessment is crucial before launching vehicles on the market. Despite advancements and rigorous evaluation, a significant 'lab-to-road' gap between standardised test performance and actual on-road crash outcomes critically undermines real-world safety. Existing literature on vehicle safety testing and real-world performance was comprehensively analyzed to reveal that this gap arises from multifaceted and interconnected factors, unveiling critical shortcomings in how safety is currently assessed. These include a predominant tendency to test elements in isolation, the slow adaptation of testing methods to evolving vehicle technologies and road dynamics, and a reliance on test scenarios that are unable to capture complex real-world conditions adequately. Bridging this critical divide is essential for fostering public trust and robustly advancing safer vehicle technologies. This review underscores the urgent need for a paradigm shift towards more holistic, adaptive, and evidence-based safety assessment frameworks to ensure innovations effectively safeguard lives and strategically prioritise future research efforts.

There is a relative paucity of research on the drivers, indicators and mediating mechanisms underlying community level safety and peace promotion. We developed community-level safety and peace indicators drawing on two community-based studies. Guided by the values and principles of Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) and classical test methodology, the initial index development phases included: conceptualisation, identification of dimensions, operationalisation of dimensions, refinement of indicators, item generation, and item reduction phase. Content validity evidence is crucial for developing scientifically sound instruments and demonstrating a clear causal connection between the targeted construct and the items designed to measure it. The aim of this study is to establish the content validity of the Community Safety and Peace Index (CSPI), which primarily drew on local community-based knowledges in its development. The different data sets were triangulated in a retrospective evaluation workshop, three expert panel reviews, community input, and test developers' consensus. The team reached consensus on the conceptualisation and measurement of community safety and peace, operationalisation of key constructs, identification of dimensions, indicators, and questionnaire items.

Human factors play a vital role in the energy industry and often lead to fatal and non-fatal accidents. Therefore, understanding the underlying reasons behind poor safety climate and safety culture is crucial. This study employs a questionnaire method, considering 8 items of safety culture and 57 items of safety climate. Structural equation modeling was conducted and validated using model fit indices. Results indicate that 4 items of safety culture and 26 items of safety climate contribute to safety issues in the utility sector. The weights of each item under safety culture and safety climate provide insights into which factors and items require attention to reduce safety issues. These findings assist managers, supervisors, policymakers and government bodies in implementing necessary measures to mitigate accidents.

Safety culture, defined as the shared values, attitudes and behaviours toward workplace safety, plays a vital role in preventing accidents and ensuring workforce well-being. This article presents a novel method for assessing safety culture using the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP), a structured approach for identifying and mitigating process-related risks. We propose that HAZOP can be effectively applied to analyze an organization's Integrated Vibrant Safety Management System (IVSMS) and develop a Safety Culture Index (SCI). The IVSMS comprises 21 elements, including Industry 4.0, Process Safety Management, and Occupational Safety and Health, offering a comprehensive view of safety practices. While these elements are typically weighted equally, our approach accounts for their varying impacts on safety performance, enabling more targeted interventions. These weightings can be adapted to suit different organizations. By evaluating each element through HAZOP, we can uncover strengths and gaps in risk management, communication and mitigation. The resulting SCI provides a quantifiable measure of safety culture, supporting benchmarking and continuous improvement. Strengthening safety culture through this method not only enhances safety outcomes but also contributes to organizational resilience and success.

World Health Organization's (WHO) Healthy Cities Programme (HCP), initiated in 1984, addresses the global health challenges arising from urbanization and globalization within its six regions. In 2021, the Government of India (GOI) recommended to develop 500 Health Cities by 2030, aligning with WHO's HCP. The programme emphasizes addressing social, political, environmental and economic health determinants for policy interventions, guided by existing models of determinants of health (MoDH). However, these models exhibit gaps in capturing determinants in an evolving globalized world. This research conducts content analysis of the proceedings of ten WHO-led Global (GCHP) and international conferences on health promotion (ICHP) to identify the existing and emerging determinants. The integrative literature review of MoDH revealed limitations in addressing emerging legal, technological, and commercial determinants, and spatial scales, thereby informing the development of an updated framework for determinants of health for effective decision-making amidst dynamic global health landscapes.

Road crashes and resulting fatalities are a major concern globally. Low- and Medium-Income Countries (LMIC) contribute to nearly 93% of the global fatalities due to road crashes. In this regard, the present study aims to identify associated factors which influence fatal crashes in the context of an LMIC. Also, it aims to investigate if these associated factors are different for different road categories. The work is carried out by analysing 20,556 police-reported crash data obtained from the state of West Bengal in India. Various factors considered in analysis include roadway characteristics, vehicle characteristics, crash characteristics and human-related factors. The analysis of data using association rules mining reveals that factors associated with fatal crashes vary across different categories of roads. While causal factors on high-speed corridors, i.e. National Highways (NH) and State Highways (SH) show some similarities, such as collision with pedestrians in open area and straight sections, they are substantially different on other roads, such as hitting fixed object, involvement of two-wheeler. However, regardless of road category, speeding and absence of speed limit were found to be important associated factors in all categories of road. The findings derived from the present work may be used advantageously for formulating policy and necessary interventions to reduce fatalities.