Pub Date : 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101134
El Hadi Caoui, Andrew Steck
This paper documents the growing role that content providers play upstream in the global internet supply chain. Using novel data, we establish three stylized facts: (1) As bandwidth buyers, content providers' share of global used bandwidth has grown dramatically (from 5% to 69%) over the period 2005–2021, with important heterogeneity across regions. (2) Content providers (in particular, Amazon, Google, Meta, and Microsoft) account for an increasingly large share of investment in internet cable infrastructure. (3) The growth in content providers' demand is associated with the roll-out of their data centers globally and corresponding increase in inter-data center traffic; their investment in private cables is in part driven by data center siting, which are in locations that may lack connectivity to public internet cables. We discuss implications of these trends for innovation, internet traffic transparency, technology standard adoption, and network resilience.
{"title":"Content providers and the deployment of Internet infrastructure","authors":"El Hadi Caoui, Andrew Steck","doi":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper documents the growing role that content providers play upstream in the global internet supply chain. Using novel data, we establish three stylized facts: (1) As bandwidth buyers, content providers' share of global used bandwidth has grown dramatically (from 5% to 69%) over the period 2005–2021, with important heterogeneity across regions. (2) Content providers (in particular, Amazon, Google, Meta, and Microsoft) account for an increasingly large share of investment in internet cable infrastructure. (3) The growth in content providers' demand is associated with the roll-out of their data centers globally and corresponding increase in inter-data center traffic; their investment in private cables is in part driven by data center siting, which are in locations that may lack connectivity to public internet cables. We discuss implications of these trends for innovation, internet traffic transparency, technology standard adoption, and network resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47029,"journal":{"name":"Information Economics and Policy","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 101134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101133
Eric Darmon , Thomas Le Texier , Zhiwen Li , Thierry Penard
Antitrust authorities are concerned with the dominant market position of Tech Giants such as Google, Meta, or Amazon. These digital conglomerates are characterized by platform-based business models and multimarket contact (MMC). In traditional one-sided markets, theory and empirical evidence show that MMC tends to relax competition. In this paper, we revisit this result in the context of platform competition with competitive bottleneck and cross-market externalities, and provide new insights into the impact of MMC on platform competition. In this context, when platforms charge the two groups of users (bilateral pricing), we find that MMC always decreases the profitability of platforms regardless of the nature and magnitude of cross-market externalities. Then we consider the case in which platforms can only charge one group of users (unilateral pricing). When platforms charge the side on which they are not directly competing for users (i.e. the side that is not the competitive bottleneck), MMC may relax competition only if cross-group externalities and cross-market externalities are both sufficiently small. From a competition policy perspective, our paper provides insights into how antitrust authorities should review conglomerate mergers in digital markets and assesses the effects of the diversification strategies of digital platforms in the context of cross-market externalities and competitive bottleneck.
{"title":"Multimarket contact, cross-market externalities and platform competition","authors":"Eric Darmon , Thomas Le Texier , Zhiwen Li , Thierry Penard","doi":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antitrust authorities are concerned with the dominant market position of Tech Giants such as Google, Meta, or Amazon. These digital conglomerates are characterized by platform-based business models and multimarket contact (MMC). In traditional one-sided markets, theory and empirical evidence show that MMC tends to relax competition. In this paper, we revisit this result in the context of platform competition with competitive bottleneck and cross-market externalities, and provide new insights into the impact of MMC on platform competition. In this context, when platforms charge the two groups of users (bilateral pricing), we find that MMC always decreases the profitability of platforms regardless of the nature and magnitude of cross-market externalities. Then we consider the case in which platforms can only charge one group of users (unilateral pricing). When platforms charge the side on which they are not directly competing for users (i.e. the side that is not the competitive bottleneck), MMC may relax competition only if cross-group externalities and cross-market externalities are both sufficiently small. From a competition policy perspective, our paper provides insights into how antitrust authorities should review conglomerate mergers in digital markets and assesses the effects of the diversification strategies of digital platforms in the context of cross-market externalities and competitive bottleneck.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47029,"journal":{"name":"Information Economics and Policy","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 101133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-12DOI: 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101132
Jeffrey Prince , Scott Wallsten
Using carefully designed discrete choice surveys, we measure how much individuals care whether their data are stored domestically, i.e., the premium people place on limiting the sharing of their data to their home country compared to elsewhere. We conduct this measure across countries (United States, United Kingdom, South Korea, Japan, Italy, India, and France) and data types (home address and phone number, personal information on finances, biometrics, health status, location, networks, communications, and music preferences). We find only modest evidence of added value resulting from data localization; to the extent that there is added value from localization, it appears to largely come for data types where privacy (i.e., full restrictions on data sharing) is already of high value: financial (account balance) and biometric (facial image) data, and home address and phone number. We also find for the U.S., U.K., Italy, India and France no evidence that excluding China and Russia when allowing for international data sharing affects the data localization premium. Interestingly, for Japan and South Korea, we find evidence of a preference against excluding China and Russia if data are to be shared internationally. We discuss privacy policy implications.
{"title":"Do people around the world care where their data are stored?","authors":"Jeffrey Prince , Scott Wallsten","doi":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using carefully designed discrete choice surveys, we measure how much individuals care whether their data are stored domestically, i.e., the premium people place on limiting the sharing of their data to their home country compared to elsewhere. We conduct this measure across countries (United States, United Kingdom, South Korea, Japan, Italy, India, and France) and data types (home address and phone number, personal information on finances, biometrics, health status, location, networks, communications, and music preferences). We find only modest evidence of added value resulting from data localization; to the extent that there is added value from localization, it appears to largely come for data types where privacy (i.e., full restrictions on data sharing) is already of high value: financial (account balance) and biometric (facial image) data, and home address and phone number. We also find for the U.S., U.K., Italy, India and France no evidence that excluding China and Russia when allowing for international data sharing affects the data localization premium. Interestingly, for Japan and South Korea, we find evidence of a preference <em>against</em> excluding China and Russia if data are to be shared internationally. We discuss privacy policy implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47029,"journal":{"name":"Information Economics and Policy","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 101132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-14DOI: 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101131
Andreea Enache , Richard Friberg , Magnus Wiklander
Using customer-level data from 2017 for two mobile app word games in France and the US, this study explores the adaptability of customer lifetime value (CLV) models, widely used for e-commerce data, to the mobile app domain. We evaluate the Pareto/NBD model and its four extensions, focusing on dropout process simplification, transaction regularity, dropout-transaction rate correlation, and the inclusion of predictive covariates like gameplay and video views. Although the Pareto/NBD model has strong predictive performance, an extension accounting for dropout-transaction rate correlation excels in out-of-sample performance. By comparing with the e-commerce-based CDNOW dataset, we highlight significant disparities in the relative performance of different models, emphasizing the distinctive nature of mobile app data. We find also slight variations in estimated parameters across different markets, platforms, and games.
{"title":"Customer lifetime value applied to mobile apps","authors":"Andreea Enache , Richard Friberg , Magnus Wiklander","doi":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using customer-level data from 2017 for two mobile app word games in France and the US, this study explores the adaptability of customer lifetime value (CLV) models, widely used for e-commerce data, to the mobile app domain. We evaluate the Pareto/NBD model and its four extensions, focusing on dropout process simplification, transaction regularity, dropout-transaction rate correlation, and the inclusion of predictive covariates like gameplay and video views. Although the Pareto/NBD model has strong predictive performance, an extension accounting for dropout-transaction rate correlation excels in out-of-sample performance. By comparing with the e-commerce-based CDNOW dataset, we highlight significant disparities in the relative performance of different models, emphasizing the distinctive nature of mobile app data. We find also slight variations in estimated parameters across different markets, platforms, and games.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47029,"journal":{"name":"Information Economics and Policy","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101131"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101130
Tomaso Duso , Alexander Schiersch
The advent of cloud computing promises to improve the way firms use IT solutions. Firms are expected to replace large and inflexible fixed-cost investments in IT with more targeted, variable spending on cloud solutions. This is also expected to increase firms' productivity by allowing them to quickly adapt their IT infrastructure to their specific needs. We assess this claim using firm-level data provided by the German statistical offices for the years 2014 and 2016, which allows us to observe who the cloud users are. Our analysis explicitly accounts for self-selection into cloud usage within an endogenous treatment regression framework. Municipal broadband availability is used as a plausible exogenous shifter for cloud usage. We show that cloud usage significantly improves labor productivity for large firms, particularly in manufacturing, but we find no effect for small firms.
{"title":"Let's switch to the cloud: Cloud usage and its effect on labor productivity","authors":"Tomaso Duso , Alexander Schiersch","doi":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advent of cloud computing promises to improve the way firms use IT solutions. Firms are expected to replace large and inflexible fixed-cost investments in IT with more targeted, variable spending on cloud solutions. This is also expected to increase firms' productivity by allowing them to quickly adapt their IT infrastructure to their specific needs. We assess this claim using firm-level data provided by the German statistical offices for the years 2014 and 2016, which allows us to observe who the cloud users are. Our analysis explicitly accounts for self-selection into cloud usage within an endogenous treatment regression framework. Municipal broadband availability is used as a plausible exogenous shifter for cloud usage. We show that cloud usage significantly improves labor productivity for large firms, particularly in manufacturing, but we find no effect for small firms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47029,"journal":{"name":"Information Economics and Policy","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101129
Stefano Colombo , Clara Graziano , Aldo Pignataro
We consider a duopoly model where firms charge personalized prices to the consumers they can recognize and a uniform price to the rest of consumers. We assume that each firm can identify only a fraction of consumers at each point of the Hotelling line. This fraction is determined by two factors, denoted as intensive and extensive margin, that define the degree of accuracy and the extension of the information respectively. We show that profits are non-monotonic in the size of the two margins and we characterize under which information conditions the firms’ profits are maximized. Finally, we provide some policy implications concerning the protection of consumers. In particular we show that when firms face restrictions in collecting information so that their competition is prevented, consumers surplus is maximized when personalized and uniform prices coexist.
{"title":"Personalized pricing with imperfect customer recognition","authors":"Stefano Colombo , Clara Graziano , Aldo Pignataro","doi":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider a duopoly model where firms charge personalized prices to the consumers they can recognize and a uniform price to the rest of consumers. We assume that each firm can identify only a fraction of consumers at each point of the Hotelling line. This fraction is determined by two factors, denoted as intensive and extensive margin, that define the degree of accuracy and the extension of the information respectively. We show that profits are non-monotonic in the size of the two margins and we characterize under which information conditions the firms’ profits are maximized. Finally, we provide some policy implications concerning the protection of consumers. In particular we show that when firms face restrictions in collecting information so that their competition is prevented, consumers surplus is maximized when personalized and uniform prices coexist.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47029,"journal":{"name":"Information Economics and Policy","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101129"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101128
Lynne Pepall , Daniel Richards
We develop a model of horizontal differentiation in which firms compete in both price and advertising where the latter adds value to consumption of the advertised product. Targeted advertising means not only that advertising is sent to specific individuals but also that the message content of such advertising is customized. As targeted advertising becomes less costly, market concentration and prices both increase. In equilibria where all consumers receive value-enhancing ads, consumer surplus rises. However, if targeting is incomplete, some consumers will be worse off. In some instances, these losses may be sufficiently large that total consumer surplus declines as well.
{"title":"Targeted advertising, concentration, and consumer welfare","authors":"Lynne Pepall , Daniel Richards","doi":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We develop a model of horizontal differentiation in which firms compete in both price and advertising where the latter adds value to consumption of the advertised product. Targeted advertising means not only that advertising is sent to specific individuals but also that the message content of such advertising is customized. As targeted advertising becomes less costly, market concentration and prices both increase. In equilibria where all consumers receive value-enhancing ads, consumer surplus rises. However, if targeting is incomplete, some consumers will be worse off. In some instances, these losses may be sufficiently large that total consumer surplus declines as well.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47029,"journal":{"name":"Information Economics and Policy","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101127
Daniele Condorelli , Jorge Padilla
Periodic investment in expanding the capacity of telecommunication networks is required to meet growing demand for data-intensive content. Telecommunication companies monetise deployed capacity by offering access to consumers, but complementary content providers capture a growing share of industry profits. As a consequence, network operators may invest suboptimally in capacity. We make this observation within a model where access and content are complementary products but capacity (maximum serviceable demand) is determined by costly investments of the access and content providers. We demonstrate how having content providers contribute a fair share of the infrastructure cost could resolve the externality problem, when the least costly way to meet capacity demands is by additional investments in the telecommunication networks rather than in reducing the bandwidth demand of content.
{"title":"Fair-share payments for Network Investments","authors":"Daniele Condorelli , Jorge Padilla","doi":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2025.101127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Periodic investment in expanding the capacity of telecommunication networks is required to meet growing demand for data-intensive content. Telecommunication companies monetise deployed capacity by offering access to consumers, but complementary content providers capture a growing share of industry profits. As a consequence, network operators may invest suboptimally in capacity. We make this observation within a model where access and content are complementary products but capacity (maximum serviceable demand) is determined by costly investments of the access and content providers. We demonstrate how having content providers contribute a fair share of the infrastructure cost could resolve the externality problem, when the least costly way to meet capacity demands is by additional investments in the telecommunication networks rather than in reducing the bandwidth demand of content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47029,"journal":{"name":"Information Economics and Policy","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2024.101126
Razi Farukh , Matthias Heinz , Anna Kerkhof , Heiner Schumacher
Do news outlets present the topic of migration in an overly positive or negative manner, or do they provide a neutral and holistic perspective on the topic? To study the visual bias of news media in the context of migration, we collect and code migration-related pictures that news outlets publish and – to establish a benchmark – compare them to the pictures that pro- and anti-migration ideological campaigns use in promotion materials. We find that, during the 2015-16 migration crisis, news outlets in Germany adopt differentiated attitudes to migration that largely follow their political orientation. For most news outlets, the attitude to migration is closer to pro- than to anti-migration campaigns. All news outlets except one tabloid newspaper maintain their attitude even when consumers become more critical of migration over time. Further, we conduct an international comparison and find that attitudes to migration are significantly more negative in the Hungarian than in the German market for news.
{"title":"Attitudes to migration and the market for news","authors":"Razi Farukh , Matthias Heinz , Anna Kerkhof , Heiner Schumacher","doi":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2024.101126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2024.101126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Do news outlets present the topic of migration in an overly positive or negative manner, or do they provide a neutral and holistic perspective on the topic? To study the visual bias of news media in the context of migration, we collect and code migration-related pictures that news outlets publish and – to establish a benchmark – compare them to the pictures that pro- and anti-migration ideological campaigns use in promotion materials. We find that, during the 2015-16 migration crisis, news outlets in Germany adopt differentiated attitudes to migration that largely follow their political orientation. For most news outlets, the attitude to migration is closer to pro- than to anti-migration campaigns. All news outlets except one tabloid newspaper maintain their attitude even when consumers become more critical of migration over time. Further, we conduct an international comparison and find that attitudes to migration are significantly more negative in the Hungarian than in the German market for news.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47029,"journal":{"name":"Information Economics and Policy","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2024.101115
Rufus Rock, Ilan Strauss, Tim O'Reilly, Mariana Mazzucato
We investigate Amazon's ability to direct user clicks to more visually prominent search results, even as quality declines with the increasing prevalence of sponsored advertising products. We analyze product results from over 2,000 Amazon Marketplace search queries to estimate how a top three most clicked product's features (price and quality) and screen placement influence a user's clicks. Our econometric results show that the position of a product search result (“position bias”), adjusted for its relative prominence on the screen, strongly shapes whether a user clicks on it. Within the top five search results, where typically four are advertisements, users exhibit decreased sensitivity to a product's relevance or pricing. This allows Amazon's sponsored ads to leverage product prominence as a mechanism for rent extraction from users and producers. Regulatory frameworks might limit platforms from exploiting consumers' satisficing behaviour online, including via moderating excessive advertising in algorithmic search results.
{"title":"Behind the clicks: Can Amazon allocate user attention as it pleases?","authors":"Rufus Rock, Ilan Strauss, Tim O'Reilly, Mariana Mazzucato","doi":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2024.101115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infoecopol.2024.101115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate Amazon's ability to direct user clicks to more visually prominent search results, even as quality declines with the increasing prevalence of sponsored advertising products. We analyze product results from over 2,000 Amazon Marketplace search queries to estimate how a top three most clicked product's features (price and quality) and screen placement influence a user's clicks. Our econometric results show that the position of a product search result (“position bias”), adjusted for its relative prominence on the screen, strongly shapes whether a user clicks on it. Within the top five search results, where typically four are advertisements, users exhibit decreased sensitivity to a product's relevance or pricing. This allows Amazon's sponsored ads to leverage product prominence as a mechanism for rent extraction from users and producers. Regulatory frameworks might limit platforms from exploiting consumers' satisficing behaviour online, including via moderating excessive advertising in algorithmic search results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47029,"journal":{"name":"Information Economics and Policy","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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