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Literacy assessment in the early years of schooling in an era of neoliberalism 新自由主义时代学校早期的识字评估
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1177/14687984231161119
Martina Tassone
This paper explores the literature related to literacy assessment in the early years of schooling in an era of neoliberalism and reports on a key aspect of a study which focused on the literacy assessment practices of early years teachers and literacy leaders in Australian Catholic schools within the Melbourne archdiocese. Background: The study was undertaken in a period following the Melbourne Catholic Education system’s devolution of literacy assessment responsibility to schools after a long period of mandated literacy assessment (1998–2012) but also occurred within a neoliberal high-stakes assessment environment, characterised by heightened levels of teacher accountability. Research Objectives: The intention of the research was to explore the literacy assessment beliefs and practices of teachers in early years classrooms (F–2), to explore the impacts of assessment devolution and the implications in terms of the literacy assessment practices in the early years in Australian Catholic primary schools in the Melbourne Archdiocese. Methods: A predominantly qualitative case study approach consisting of two phases was used to explore literacy assessment in the early years of schooling. Phase 1 consisted of an online questionnaire comprising both open and closed questions, which was completed by 76 literacy leaders from 76 Catholic schools in the Melbourne archdiocese. The questionnaire was designed to elicit information on schools’ literacy assessment practices in the early years and if these had changed since a Catholic Education Melbourne (CEM) policy change in 2012 allowing schools greater autonomy over literacy assessment in the early years. Phase 2 involved semistructured interviews with 23 early years teachers and seven literacy leaders from eight diverse schools to investigate their literacy assessment practices in greater detail and identify how they responded to the opportunities that came with devolved decision-making.
本文探讨了新自由主义时代学校早期识字评估的相关文献,并报告了一项研究的一个关键方面,该研究侧重于墨尔本总教区内澳大利亚天主教学校早期教师和识字领导者的识字评估实践。背景:这项研究是在墨尔本天主教教育系统在经过长时间的强制性识字评估后(1998-2002年)将识字评估责任移交给学校之后的一段时间内进行的,但也发生在新自由主义的高风险评估环境中,其特点是教师问责制水平提高。研究目标:本研究旨在探讨教师在早期课堂上的识字评估信念和实践(F–2),探讨评估权力下放的影响以及墨尔本大主教区澳大利亚天主教小学早期识字评估实践的影响。方法:采用由两个阶段组成的以定性为主的案例研究方法来探索学校早期的识字评估。第一阶段包括一份在线问卷,包括开放式和封闭式问题,由墨尔本总教区76所天主教学校的76名扫盲领袖完成。该问卷旨在获取有关学校早期识字评估做法的信息,以及自2012年墨尔本天主教教育局(CEM)政策改变以来,这些做法是否发生了变化,允许学校在早期对识字评估有更大的自主权。第二阶段包括对来自八所不同学校的23名早期教师和7名扫盲领导进行半结构化访谈,以更详细地调查他们的扫盲评估实践,并确定他们如何应对权力下放决策带来的机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Such tiny signs on a piece of paper. Engagement with language and literacy in a multilingual preschool class 这么小的符号写在一张纸上。在多语种学前班学习语言和读写能力
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1177/14687984231175341
H. Laursen, L. M. Daugaard
Drawing on recent literacy research that foregrounds affect and space, we trace the creation of an early literacy learning space as it emerges through a group conversation between a preschool class teacher and five multilingual children at age 5–6. Our analysis is driven by a fascination of the bodily intensity and emotional energies that arose during the activity, in which the children were to tell each other about a card on which they had drawn a king and asked their parents to write the word ‘king’ in the languages spoken at home. In this article, we ask how such small signs on a piece of paper can have such a big appeal to children and pave the way for a lot of metalanguaging. Our analysis points to a need for an expansion of a common gaze at the sign that goes beyond its communicative and referential meaning and directs attention to its aesthetic and subjective appeal as well as its intersubjective potential. Such a perspective pushes us to deepen our understanding of early literacy, acknowledging children’s affective and reflective paths leading to literacy. It also prompts us to broaden the scope of ‘the metalinguistic’ to embrace the ways it is shaped in interaction and contributes to shared experiences and involvements.
根据最近关于前景影响和空间的扫盲研究,我们追踪了一个早期扫盲学习空间的创建,因为它是通过一个幼儿园老师和五个5-6岁的多语种儿童之间的小组对话出现的。我们的分析是由活动中产生的身体强度和情感能量的魅力所驱动的,在活动中,孩子们告诉对方他们在一张卡片上画了一个国王,并要求他们的父母用家里说的语言写下“国王”这个词。在这篇文章中,我们要问的是,一张纸上这么小的符号是如何对孩子们产生如此大的吸引力,并为大量的元语言铺平道路的。我们的分析指出,需要扩大对符号的共同关注,超越其交流和参考意义,并将注意力转向其美学和主观吸引力以及其主体间潜力。这种观点促使我们加深对早期识字的理解,承认儿童通往识字的情感和反思路径。它还促使我们扩大“元语言”的范围,以拥抱它在互动中形成的方式,并有助于分享经验和参与。
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引用次数: 1
‘But dragons don’t exist, do they?’: Preschoolers’ focus in determining whether a picturebook is a non-fiction or not “但龙并不存在,是吗?”:学龄前儿童决定图画书是否为非小说的重点
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1177/14687984231161115
Anna Backman
Preschoolers are offered few opportunities to become acquainted with non-fiction books, and when they are given the possibility to read non-fiction picturebooks, these are often fictionalised in one way or another. The fictionalisation of children’s non-fiction blurs the boundaries between fiction and non-fiction picturebooks. This could mean that children’s early opportunities to experience how different kinds of books, pictures and texts can be used and produced for different purposes are also blurred. Against this background, reading activities are designed in this study in which a group of five-year-olds is introduced to fiction and non-fiction picturebooks side by side. The study aims to contribute to an understanding of how children distinguish and experience different kinds of picturebooks when they are introduced to differences between them, and answers the research question: What is in focus when preschoolers determine whether a picturebook is a non-fiction or not? The analysis shows that the depiction (whether the picturebook depicts imaginary constructs or established knowledge) is in focus when preschoolers make this determination . This gives the children in the reading activities the opportunity to experience different kinds of picturebooks, but also to question whether non-fiction picturebooks depicting imaginary constructed (‘made up’) things, characters and events are non-fiction and to evaluate the reliability of such fictionalised non-fiction picturebooks.
学龄前儿童几乎没有机会接触非小说类书籍,当他们有机会阅读非小说类图画书时,这些书往往是以某种方式虚构的。儿童非小说的虚构模糊了小说和非小说绘本之间的界限。这可能意味着,孩子们早期体验如何将不同种类的书籍、图片和文本用于不同目的的机会也很模糊。在这种背景下,本研究设计了阅读活动,让一组五岁的孩子并排阅读小说和非小说绘本。这项研究旨在帮助理解当孩子们被介绍到不同种类的图画书之间的差异时,他们是如何区分和体验它们的,并回答研究问题:当学龄前儿童确定图画书是否是非小说时,重点是什么?分析表明,当学龄前儿童做出这一决定时,描述(无论是图画书描述的是想象的结构还是既定的知识)都是重点。这让孩子们在阅读活动中有机会体验不同种类的图画书,但也让他们质疑描绘虚构(“虚构”)事物、人物和事件的非虚构图画书是否是非虚构的,并评估这种虚构的非虚构漫画书的可靠性。
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引用次数: 1
The meaning-making in kindergarten children’s visual narrative compositions 幼儿园儿童视觉叙事作品的意义建构
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/14687984231161114
Sylvia Pantaleo
During a 10-week classroom-based study in a school in western Canada, 17 Kindergarten children had multiple opportunities to learn about how elements of visual art, design and layout in picturebook artwork are fundamental to meaning-making when transacting with this format of literature. Student application of learning about the concepts under study was explored when the children viewed and discussed wordless or almost wordless picturebooks, and when they created their own artwork or visual compositions. Findings from the content analysis of the Kindergarten children’s visual narrative compositions and individual interviews revealed their understanding of how colour, point of view, framing, line to show action, line to show emotion and implied line can be used purposefully by sign-makers to represent particular meanings. Furthermore, application of Halliday’s metafunctions conceptual framework to analyze three focus students’ visual narrative compositions revealed how their semiotic work concomitantly realized the ideational, interpersonal and textual metafunctions. Consistent with the tenets of social semiotics and sociocultural theory, the descriptions of the instructional procedures and student activities convey how the practices in the classroom shaped the students’ visual narrative compositions. The findings enrich understanding of how young children’s knowledge of various semiotic resources can enhance their understanding and interpretations of the kinds of communicative functions realized or fulfilled by various meaning-making resources, and can inform the design of their visual compositions.
在加拿大西部一所学校进行的为期10周的课堂研究中,17名幼儿园的孩子有多次机会了解绘本艺术作品中的视觉艺术、设计和布局元素是如何在处理这种形式的文学作品时实现意义的基础。当孩子们观看和讨论无文字或几乎无文字的图画书时,以及当他们创作自己的艺术作品或视觉作品时,学生们对学习中的概念的应用进行了探索。对幼儿园儿童视觉叙事作品的内容分析和个人访谈结果表明,他们理解标志制作者如何有目的地使用颜色、观点、框架、线条来表现动作、线条来表达情感和隐含线条来表达特定的含义。此外,运用韩礼德的元功能概念框架对三位焦点学生的视觉叙事作品进行分析,揭示了他们的符号工作是如何同时实现概念、人际和文本元功能的。根据社会符号学和社会文化理论的原则,对教学程序和学生活动的描述传达了课堂实践如何塑造学生的视觉叙事作文。研究结果丰富了幼儿对各种符号资源的了解,从而增强他们对各种意义创造资源所实现或履行的交际功能的理解和解释,并为他们的视觉作品设计提供信息。
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引用次数: 2
Creating books and sustaining Indigenous languages with two Atayal communities 与两个泰雅族社区一起创作书籍并维持土著语言
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.1177/14687984231161116
Ching-Ting Hsin, Catherine Compton-Lilly, Ming-Fang Hsieh, Di Tam Luu
This article explores a collaboration designed to support two Indigenous Taiwanese communities to combat language loss and promote Indigenous language literacy. Rather than relying on expert knowledge of literacy and language scholars, we have intentionally sought local knowledge to design and create books that introduce young children to simple phrases and basic conversational vocabulary in Atayal language. To do this, we engaged in a series of conversations with Tribal Leaders from two Indigenous Atayal communities. The full ethnographic study addresses designing, planning and creating bi/trilingual books with Atayal communities; instructional uses of bilingual/trilingual books; assessment of children’s language learning; and reflections from Atayal leaders, teachers, and parents. In this article, we examine the lessons we learned in designing and creating the books, as well as Tribal Leader, parent, caregiver, and teacher responses to the books.
本文探讨了一项旨在支持两个台湾原住民社区对抗语言损失和提高原住民语言素养的合作。我们没有依赖识字和语言学者的专业知识,而是有意寻求当地知识来设计和创作书籍,向幼儿介绍泰雅语的简单短语和基本会话词汇。为此,我们与来自两个泰雅族土著社区的部落领袖进行了一系列对话。完整的民族志研究涉及与泰雅族社区一起设计、规划和创作两种/三种语言的书籍;双语/三语书籍的教学使用;儿童语言学习评估;以及泰雅族领袖、老师和家长的思考。在这篇文章中,我们研究了我们在设计和创作这些书时学到的经验,以及部落领袖、家长、看护人和老师对这些书的反应。
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引用次数: 0
Family learning and working in lockdown: Navigating crippling fear and euphoric joy to support children's literacy. 在封锁中的家庭学习和工作:克服极度恐惧和愉悦的快乐,支持儿童识字
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1177/14687984221122850
Lorna Arnott, Laura Teichert

This paper offers a nuanced perspective of two families' lockdown literacy journeys with their young children during the COVID 19 pandemic. We present informal home learning examples stimulated by play and by school-sanctioned synchronous and asynchronous activities from homes geographically miles apart yet close in terms of shared experience. In response to the catch-up and learning loss narrative which threatens to overshadow some of the positive learning experiences taking place at home, we redirect the 'catch-up' narrative towards a nuanced understanding of family learning at home by articulating the complexity of circumstance. Methodologically, drawing on Autoethnography, we present vignettes of lockdown life from Scotland and Michigan, USA. Throughout this paper we articulate challenges with the catch-up narrative and root our conclusions in the early childhood philosophy that learning extends beyond the mind to a whole body, holistic experience.

本文对2019冠状病毒病疫情期间两个家庭带着年幼的孩子进行的封锁扫盲之旅提供了一个细致入微的视角。我们展示了由游戏和学校批准的同步和异步活动激发的非正式家庭学习示例,这些活动来自地理上相距数英里但在共享经验方面很近的家庭。为了应对追赶和学习损失的叙事,这种叙事可能会掩盖在家中发生的一些积极的学习经历,我们通过阐明环境的复杂性,将“追赶”叙事转向对家庭在家学习的细致入微的理解。在方法论上,我们借鉴民族志,呈现了苏格兰和美国密歇根州的封锁生活小插曲。在这篇论文中,我们用追赶叙事阐明了挑战,并将我们的结论植根于幼儿哲学,即学习超越了思维,延伸到了全身、整体的体验。
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引用次数: 0
Children's spaces in pages: Examining spatiality in COVID-19-themed children's books. 页面中的儿童空间:审视新冠肺炎儿童书籍中的空间性
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1177/14687984221118981
Aireen Grace Andal

This article examines spatiality in selected children's books about COVID-19. Spatiality is an important lens because the coronavirus pandemic is a crisis related to distancing and mobility restrictions-spatial matters. Benedict Anderson's notion of imagined communities was adopted as a framework to how children's books present community belongingness within the spatial restrictions imposed during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a content analysis of pandemic-related children's books published in early 2020 (n = 51), this paper explores the sense of community in three everyday spaces: 'inside' (home), 'outside' (outdoors), and 'in-betweens' (windows and digital space). Findings reveal a two-fold observation: (1) children's books show how the 'normal' in everyday space is disrupted; and (2) layers of imagined communities manifest within the everyday spaces depicted in the books examined. These findings offer insights that while children's literature and geography are different disciplines, there is much to be explored about spaces in children's lives from writers and illustrators of children's books. Likewise, a geographical lens can substantiate discussions in children's literature by unpacking relationships of characters based on the spaces they occupy. With these in mind, it is hoped that conversations about spatial discourses in children's books flourish from this initial exploration.

本文探讨了新冠肺炎儿童读物的空间性。空间性是一个重要的视角,因为冠状病毒大流行是一场与距离和行动限制有关的危机——空间问题。本尼迪克特·安德森(Benedict Anderson)关于想象社区的概念被采纳为儿童书籍如何在新冠肺炎第一波疫情期间实施的空间限制内呈现社区归属的框架。在对2020年初出版的与疫情相关的儿童书籍(n=51)的内容分析中,本文探讨了三个日常空间中的社区感:“室内”(家)、“室外”(室外)和“中间”(窗户和数字空间)。研究结果揭示了两个方面的观察结果:(1)儿童书籍展示了日常空间中的“正常”是如何被破坏的;以及(2)在所研究的书籍中描绘的日常空间中表现出想象中的社区的层次。这些发现提供了以下见解:虽然儿童文学和地理是不同的学科,但儿童书籍的作者和插图画家对儿童生活中的空间有很多需要探索的地方。同样,地理镜头可以通过打开基于角色所占据空间的角色关系来证实儿童文学中的讨论。考虑到这些,我们希望儿童书中关于空间话语的对话能从最初的探索中蓬勃发展。
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引用次数: 0
Lockdown literacies 锁定文字
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/14687984231161720
Kate Pahl, F. Scott, M. Hall, N. Kucirkova
Lockdown literacies
锁定文字
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引用次数: 0
Children's digital play as collective family resilience in the face of the pandemic. 儿童的数字游戏是面对大流行病的集体家庭复原力
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/14687984221124179
Anne Burke, Kristiina Kumpulainen, Caighlan Smith

In this article we explore how digital play as conducted through various social media and online meeting platforms facilitated resiliency and confidence building in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using day-in-the-life methodology and narrative inquiry, we disseminate and examine observations collected on children aged 2-10 during lockdown in a Newfoundland neighbourhood. Children utilized platforms such as TikTok, YouTube, and Zoom to embrace their agentic digital play in ways that repurposed the platforms to fulfil life milestones and social needs otherwise impacted and disrupted by pandemic restrictions. Through a series of vignettes and interviews, our research not only examines how such digital play benefits children and their healthy development, but how parents reacted to and assisted with their children's agentic digital platform manipulation and how this provided positive benefits and enriching experiences to the entire family. We additionally explore the conflicts and tensions both children and parents encountered in securely implementing free play via digital platforms, including fears of excess screen-time, digital dependency, and online threats, all of which risk limiting children's ability to independently explore their creativity and identities through digital play if not handled sensitively. Despite the hurdles to implementing digital play, this study exposes why it is essential for families to navigate this online terrain; this study ultimately poses that digital play and online platforms not only were beneficial to maintaining and building family resilience during the pandemic but will be vital assets in sustaining resiliency and positive mindsets moving forward with pandemic recovery.

在这篇文章中,我们探讨了在新冠肺炎大流行期间,通过各种社交媒体和在线会议平台进行的数字游戏如何促进儿童的复原力和信心建设。使用日常生活方法和叙述性调查,我们传播和检查了在纽芬兰社区封锁期间对2-10岁儿童的观察结果。儿童利用TikTok、YouTube和Zoom等平台接受他们的代理数字游戏,重新调整平台的用途,以满足生活里程碑和社交需求,否则会受到疫情限制的影响和干扰。通过一系列的小插曲和采访,我们的研究不仅考察了这种数字游戏如何有益于儿童及其健康发展,还考察了父母如何对孩子的代理数字平台操作做出反应并提供帮助,以及这如何为整个家庭提供积极的好处和丰富的体验。此外,我们还探讨了儿童和父母在通过数字平台安全实施免费游戏时遇到的冲突和紧张关系,包括对屏幕时间过长的恐惧、数字依赖和网络威胁,如果处理不当,所有这些都有可能限制儿童通过数字游戏独立探索创造力和身份的能力。尽管实施数字游戏存在障碍,但这项研究揭示了为什么家庭在这种在线环境中导航至关重要;这项研究最终提出,数字游戏和在线平台不仅有利于在疫情期间保持和建立家庭韧性,而且将是保持韧性和积极心态的重要资产,推动疫情复苏。
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引用次数: 0
Encountering the world with voice search: A young immigrant and emergent bilingual child’s digital literacies 用语音搜索与世界相遇:一个年轻移民和新兴双语儿童的数字素养
IF 1.6 4区 教育学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/14687984231155718
Yeojoo Yoon
This article explores a 4-year-old recent immigrant and emergent bilingual child’s encounter with voice search technology to understand how assemblages among a young immigrant child, his voice, his family, digital technology, and materials create new possibilities for the understanding of ethnolinguistically marginalized children and families' literacies and digital literacies practices. Data in this article is taken from a larger ethnographic case study and drawn from the child’s home and the preschool classroom. Situated in critical posthumanist scholarship and vital materialism, I show that a child’s unbounded digital and media access and unpredictable encounters through his voice and crossing over languages take part in redistributing the hierarchy of bodies, performances, and productions. Finally, I suggest that understanding children’s use of voice search as one of their key ways of doing literacies and making meaning and noticing the unpredictable, intimate, and playful literacies can help us disrupt the traditional, assimilatory conceptualization of digital literacies.
本文探讨了一个4岁的新移民和新兴双语儿童与语音搜索技术的接触,以了解年轻移民儿童,他的声音,他的家庭,数字技术和材料之间的组合如何为理解民族语言边缘化儿童和家庭的识字和数字识字实践创造新的可能性。本文中的数据来自一个更大的人种学案例研究,并从孩子的家和学前班教室中提取。我置身于批判性的后人类主义学术和重要的唯物主义之中,我展示了一个孩子通过他的声音和跨越语言的无限数字和媒体访问以及不可预测的遭遇,参与了身体、表演和作品的重新分配等级。最后,我建议将儿童使用语音搜索作为他们进行识字和创造意义的关键方式之一,并注意到不可预测的、亲密的和有趣的识字方式,这可以帮助我们打破传统的、同化的数字识字概念。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Early Childhood Literacy
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