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Will the SDGs and the UN Decade of Healthy Ageing Leave Older People Behind? 可持续发展目标和联合国健康老龄化十年是否会让老年人掉队?
4区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/14649934231193808
Penny Vera-Sanso
Since the 1950s, multinational institutions have taken a number of positions towards population ageing and later life. In 1994, the World Bank (WB) saw population ageing as a crisis that needed ‘averting’. The United Nations (UN) approach evolved from the individualized, compassionate ageism of 1981 to a developmental, ‘society for all ages’, perspective in 2002. Yet the UN made comparatively little headway. In 2021 the UN launched its Decade of Healthy Ageing to support the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda’s ‘leave no one behind’ goal. The UN rightly sees ageing as a lifelong, societal and developmental process and strongly supported the evidence that unequal resource distribution is the main contributor to health inequalities across the lifespan. Despite this evidence, the focus is now on a biomedical framing of impaired health and on a multi-stakeholder approach that emphasizes the Silver Economy’s economic potential. The first two years of the decade saw significant efforts to generate private-sector support. While the Decade of Healthy Ageing is still young, there is much good, harm and missed opportunity that can happen in a decade, justifying early consideration of what the Silver Economy’s biomedical approach will do for older people in low and middle income countries (LMICs).
自1950年代以来,跨国机构对人口老龄化和老年生活采取了若干立场。1994年,世界银行(WB)将人口老龄化视为需要“避免”的危机。联合国的方法从1981年个体化的、富有同情心的年龄歧视演变为2002年的发展的、“所有年龄的社会”的观点。然而,联合国取得的进展相对较少。2021年,联合国启动了“健康老龄化十年”,以支持2030年可持续发展议程“不让任何一个人掉队”的目标。联合国正确地将老龄化视为一个终身的社会和发展过程,并强烈支持有关资源分配不平等是整个生命周期中健康不平等的主要原因的证据。尽管有这些证据,但目前的重点是健康受损的生物医学框架和强调白银经济经济潜力的多方利益攸关方方法。在本十年的头两年,为获得私营部门的支持作出了重大努力。虽然“健康老龄化十年”还很年轻,但十年中可能会发生很多好事、坏事和错失的机会,因此有理由尽早考虑“银色经济”的生物医学方法将对低收入和中等收入国家的老年人产生什么影响。
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引用次数: 0
Migration, Gender and Intergenerational Interdependence: Translocal Households Involving Older People and Migrants in Uganda 移徙、性别和代际相互依存:乌干达涉及老年人和移徙者的跨地方家庭
4区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/14649934231171983
Matthew Walsham
Older people play a key role in intergenerational households across the developing world, including in caring for the children of migrants. However, research on ‘translocal households’ in Africa and Asia focuses almost exclusively on households headed by working-age husbands and wives and fails to substantially incorporate older people, whether as household heads or household members. This article presents findings from Kiboga District, Uganda on intrahousehold dynamics and wellbeing within translocal households containing older people and younger migrants. A relational approach is adopted to interrogate gendered notions of dependence, independence and interdependence within these intergenerational relationships. ‘Translocal interdependencies’ are found to underpin these households and are critical to the wellbeing of older people, migrants and their children. However, households are also diverse in character, occupying a ‘spectrum of translocality’ ranging from coherent, supportive translocal households, to those with less unified and less reliable—but often highly persistent—linkages between migrants and older people. Further, older women may overstate, and older men understate, the translocal support to which they have access, with important consequences for development programming targeted at older people. Debates about ageing and development need to reflect the key role played by older people within these gendered webs of translocal interdependence, while acknowledging and seeking to address the many challenges they face.
在整个发展中世界,老年人在代际家庭中发挥着关键作用,包括在照顾移民子女方面。然而,对非洲和亚洲“跨地方家庭”的研究几乎完全集中在以工作年龄的丈夫和妻子为户主的家庭上,而没有大量纳入老年人,无论是作为户主还是家庭成员。本文介绍了乌干达基博加区关于包含老年人和年轻移民的跨地方家庭内部动态和福祉的调查结果。在这些代际关系中,采用关系方法来询问依赖、独立和相互依赖的性别概念。研究发现,“跨地方的相互依赖”是这些家庭的基础,对老年人、移民及其子女的福祉至关重要。然而,家庭的性质也各不相同,占据了“跨地方”的范围,从连贯的、支持性的跨地方家庭,到移民与老年人之间不那么统一、不那么可靠(但往往高度持久)的联系。此外,老年妇女可能夸大她们所能获得的跨地方支助,而老年男子可能低估,这对针对老年人的发展方案拟订产生重要影响。关于老龄化与发展的辩论需要反映老年人在跨地区相互依存的性别网络中发挥的关键作用,同时承认并寻求解决他们面临的许多挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Vulnerable, Heroic … or Invisible? Representations Versus Realities of Later Life in Indonesia 脆弱,英雄,还是隐形?印度尼西亚晚年生活的表象与现实
4区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/14649934231197277
Elisabeth Schröder-Butterfill, Nathan Porath, Yvonne S. Handajani, Ciptaningrat Larastiti, Benidiktus Delpada, Eef Hogervorst, Hezti Insriani, None Jelly, Philip Kreager, Dyah Rahayuningtyas, Yuniferti Sare, None Tresno
Indonesia, like many rapidly ageing lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), tends to portray older citizens as ‘vulnerable’ and ‘dependent’; yet the country has few public policies to support them. To this discourse, an alternative stereotype is emerging, influenced by notions of ‘successful ageing’, which promotes models of older people as healthy and contributing to families and the nation state. In this article, we argue that both stereotypes ignore the varied and context-specific conditions of later life. Importantly, the dominant representations ignore the frailty and dependence that many people in LMICs experience towards the end of their lives. This results in dependence and frailty being concealed from view and treated as a purely familial responsibility, which households living in economic, social and demographic precarity can ill afford. ‘Familism by default’ spells invisible, unsupported and unsustainable care for many older Indonesians. This article draws on ethnographic fieldwork between 2018 and 2022 from two research projects on ageing, livelihoods, vulnerability and care in disparate communities across Indonesia. By juxtaposing dominant representations with the social, economic and health realities in which lives are lived, we trace the implications for policies, values and practices around care in later life.
像许多快速老龄化的中低收入国家(LMICs)一样,印度尼西亚倾向于将老年公民描述为“脆弱”和“依赖”;然而,该国几乎没有支持他们的公共政策。在这一论述中,另一种刻板印象正在出现,受到"成功老龄化"概念的影响,这种观念提倡老年人健康并对家庭和民族国家作出贡献的模式。在这篇文章中,我们认为这两种刻板印象都忽略了晚年生活的变化和具体的环境条件。重要的是,占主导地位的陈述忽略了许多中低收入国家的人在生命结束时所经历的脆弱和依赖。这导致依赖和脆弱被隐藏起来,被视为纯粹的家庭责任,生活在经济、社会和人口不稳定中的家庭无法承担。“默认的家庭主义”对许多印尼老年人来说意味着无形的、没有支持的、不可持续的照顾。本文借鉴了2018年至2022年期间在印度尼西亚不同社区进行的两个关于老龄化、生计、脆弱性和护理的研究项目的民族志实地调查。通过将占主导地位的表象与人们生活的社会、经济和健康现实并置,我们追踪了对晚年生活中护理方面的政策、价值观和做法的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Ageing and Later Life: Unsettling Development Assumptions 老龄化和老年生活:令人不安的发展假设
4区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/14649934231197348
Penny Vera-Sanso, Julie Vullnetari, Tanja Bastia
This Special Issue brings into focus the topic of ageing and of older people, both of which have been neglected and/or narrowly addressed in development studies and policymaking. As such, this collection of articles seeks to unsettle some of the stereotypes that are commonplace in development debates that portray older people as frail, vulnerable, burdensome and passive. It does so by looking at the process of ageing and the lived experiences of older people across a range of topics and geographical locations. We hope that through this collection we have initiated a conversation around the place of ageing and older people in development from a relational and intergenerational perspective; that is, from a perspective that is focused around interdependence between older people and wider society rather than one restricted to the dependence of the former on the latter.
本期特刊聚焦了老龄化和老年人问题,这两个问题在发展研究和决策中都被忽视和/或被狭隘地处理。因此,这组文章试图打破发展辩论中常见的一些陈规定型观念,这些陈规定型观念将老年人描绘成脆弱、易受伤害、负担沉重和被动的人。它通过在一系列主题和地理位置上研究老龄化过程和老年人的生活经历来实现这一目标。我们希望通过这个系列,我们能从关系和代际的角度,发起一场关于老龄化和老年人在发展中的地位的对话;也就是说,从一个关注老年人与更广泛的社会之间相互依赖的角度出发,而不是局限于前者对后者的依赖。
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引用次数: 0
Older People’s Contribution to Development Through Carework: The Role of Childcare by Grandparents in Migration and Development 老年人通过照料对发展的贡献:祖父母照料在移民和发展中的作用
4区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/14649934231195511
Julie Vullnetari
This article applies a generational lens to understanding the role of older people in development, focusing primarily on older parents who stay in areas of origin while their adult children emigrate. An emerging body of literature from around the world demonstrates that older parents frequently provide childcare for their migrant family members, mainly in the country of origin, and sometimes through migrating themselves. This article goes further. It makes the conceptual argument that this carework should be regarded as development work. Drawing on research into Albanian families, located in Albania and Greece, the article asks how does carework by older people contribute to development and what are the relations of power around this? The analysis shows that grandparents provide significant support particularly for childcare but also for social reproduction and critically for building and maintaining productive assets and safety nets for migrants in their home country. In short, grandparent carers are the lynchpins in complex intergenerational strategies of migration and livelihood development. The analysis contributes to the literature on migration and development by bringing older people from the margins to the centre of these debates. Older people’s childcare, together with other productive and reproductive activities that they undertake for migrant children in countries of origin, is central to invisibilized ‘economies of care’ that underpin migration’s contribution to development. Moreover, this carework by older people contributes to development in home and host countries, thus bridging the Global South–Global North divide. Finally, older people’s carework is gendered, with older women doing the vast majority. Taken together, these insights disrupt two dominant (economistic and Eurocentric) narratives that: (a) development in migration contexts only happens in the Global South and (b) the most significant drivers of this development are migrants’ social and financial remittances from the Global North.
本文运用代际视角来理解老年人在发展中的作用,主要关注那些成年子女移民而留在原籍地区的老年父母。来自世界各地的新文献表明,年长的父母经常为其移民家庭成员提供托儿服务,主要是在原籍国,有时他们自己也会移民。本文将更进一步。它提出了一个概念性的论点,即这项工作应被视为发展工作。文章以阿尔巴尼亚和希腊的阿尔巴尼亚家庭为研究对象,询问老年人的照顾工作如何促进发展,以及在这方面的权力关系如何?分析表明,祖父母提供了重要的支持,特别是在儿童保育方面,但也为社会再生产提供了重要支持,对于在本国为移民建立和维持生产性资产和安全网至关重要。简而言之,祖父母照顾者是复杂的代际迁移和生计发展战略的关键。该分析通过将老年人从这些辩论的边缘带到中心,为有关移民和发展的文献做出了贡献。老年人的托儿工作,以及他们在原籍国为移徙儿童开展的其他生产性和生殖活动,是无形的“护理经济”的核心,而“护理经济”是移徙促进发展的基础。此外,老年人的护理工作有助于母国和东道国的发展,从而弥合全球南方和全球北方的鸿沟。最后,老年人的护理工作是性别的,绝大多数是老年妇女做的。综上所述,这些见解颠覆了两种占主导地位的(经济主义和以欧洲为中心的)叙述:(a)移民背景下的发展只发生在全球南方,(b)这种发展的最重要驱动因素是来自全球北方的移民的社会和金融汇款。
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引用次数: 0
Announcing the 2023 Progress in Development Studies Best Article Award Winner 宣布2023年发展研究进展最佳文章奖得主
4区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/14649934231203765
Catherine Locke
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引用次数: 0
Something for Everyone? Addressing Conservative Opposition to Universal Basic Income Programmes 适合每个人的东西?应对保守党对全民基本收入计划的反对
4区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1177/14649934231193799
Colin D. Wooldridge, Andrew F. Johnson, Katherine J. Roberto
Trial universal basic income (UBI) programmes in developing nations around the world have yielded positive results with respect to individual health outcomes, income, women’s empowerment, decreased child labour and much more. Concomitantly, UBI trials provide evidence that fears that UBI decreases labour force participation are based more on classist mythology than reality, and, rather, increases employment. Despite these promising results, implementation of UBI programmes will mean overcoming significant partisan political forces. As such, the focus of this commentary is to explore the most prominent barrier to the implementation of UBI programmes in both developing and wealthy nations, namely, conservative political opposition. UBI programmes are generally promoted by liberal politicians and implemented in liberal jurisdictions. However, these programmes can advance outcomes aligned with conservative principles. We chronicle the current and historical conservative opposition to UBI and argue for UBI programmes using common conservative talking points, positioning them as holistic market-based solutions to counter fragmented social services, means to foster vocational opportunities and a catalyst to promote economic growth. A discussion of how reframing UBI programmes to align with conservative principles alters attitudes towards UBI is included. The acceptance of UBI programmes across the political spectrum is paramount for achieving widespread implementation.
世界各地发展中国家试行的全民基本收入方案在个人健康成果、收入、妇女赋权、童工减少等方面取得了积极成果。与此同时,全民基本收入试验提供的证据表明,对全民基本收入会降低劳动力参与率的担忧更多地是基于阶级主义的神话,而不是现实,而且实际上会增加就业。尽管取得了这些令人鼓舞的成果,但实施全民基本收入规划将意味着克服重要的党派政治力量。因此,这篇评论的重点是探讨在发展中国家和富裕国家实施全民基本收入计划的最突出障碍,即保守的政治反对。全民基本收入计划通常由自由派政治家推动,并在自由派管辖范围内实施。然而,这些规划可以推进符合保守原则的成果。我们记录了当前和历史上保守派对全民基本收入的反对,并利用保守派的共同谈话要点来支持全民基本收入计划,将其定位为对抗分散的社会服务的整体市场解决方案,培育职业机会的手段和促进经济增长的催化剂。本文还讨论了如何调整全民基本收入规划以与保守原则保持一致,从而改变人们对全民基本收入的态度。各政治派别对全民基本收入规划的接受对于实现广泛实施至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Listening to Experiences of Environmental Change in Rural Vietnam: An Intergenerational Approach 倾听越南农村环境变化的经验:一种代际方法
IF 1.3 4区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1177/14649934231173849
L. Beckwith, S. Warrington, H. Nguyen, T. Nguyen, Chamithri Greru, Graham Smith, Thuy Mai Thi Minh, Lan Nguyen, Oliver Hensengerth, P. Woolner, M. Smith
Locally led adaptation is increasingly promoted as an important strategy for addressing the impacts of climate change. However, the understanding of rural realities in the Global South is still limited by insufficient information about the complex and dynamic relationships between rural communities and their environment. These relationships are influenced both by the material aspects of place and by the social and cultural dynamics that shape identities. This paper seeks to address this gap by providing an in-depth examination of how older and younger people are living with environmental change in two rural areas in Vietnam. Recognizing the lack of attention given to older people as important environmental actors, this paper will make three key contributions: move from a focus on the vulnerability of older people to one which highlights their capabilities; introduce an intergenerational approach that builds an inclusive understanding of rural communities; and embrace a complex appreciation of environmental change that looks beyond the usual framings of climate change and impact upon livelihoods’ to other aspects of people’s relationship with a changing environment. In doing so, this paper calls for an increased appreciation for the multiple values of nature, particularly how different community members engage with and appreciate their environment, to support more relevant and sustainable approaches to addressing local environmental challenges.
地方主导的适应日益成为应对气候变化影响的一项重要战略。然而,由于缺乏关于农村社区与其环境之间复杂和动态关系的信息,对全球南方农村现实的了解仍然有限。这些关系既受到地方物质方面的影响,也受到塑造身份的社会和文化动态的影响。本文旨在通过深入研究越南两个农村地区的老年人和年轻人如何适应环境变化来解决这一差距。认识到缺乏对老年人作为重要环境行为者的关注,本文将做出三个关键贡献:从关注老年人的脆弱性转向强调他们的能力;采用代际方法,建立对农村社区的包容性理解;并接受对环境变化的复杂认识,超越气候变化和对生计的影响的通常框架,关注人们与不断变化的环境之间关系的其他方面。为此,本文呼吁提高对自然多重价值的认识,特别是不同社区成员如何参与和欣赏他们的环境,以支持更相关和可持续的方法来应对当地的环境挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Cole, M. (ed.), Education, Equality and Human Rights: Issues of Gender, ‘Race’, Sexuality, Disability and Social Class 书评:Cole, M.(主编),《教育、平等与人权:性别、“种族”、性、残疾和社会阶层问题》
IF 1.3 4区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/14649934231170880
Rohullah Hakimi
Cole, M. (ed.), Education, Equality and Human Rights: Issues of Gender, ‘Race’, Sexuality, Disability and Social Class (5th Edition) (London: Routledge, 2022), 350 pp. £28.99 (paperback), £120.00 (hardback), ISBN: 9781032010991.
(编),教育,平等和人权:性别,“种族”,性,残疾和社会阶层的问题(第5版)(伦敦:劳特利奇,2022),350页。£28.99(平装本),£120.00(精装本),ISBN: 9781032010991。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Onuora-Oguno, A. C. Development and the Right to Education in Africa 书评:奥努拉·奥古诺,A.C.《非洲的发展与受教育权》
IF 1.3 4区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/14649934221150862
O. Ojo
Onuora-Oguno, A. C. Development and the Right to Education in Africa (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019). 239 pp., €23.36 (hardcover), €69.99 (softcover), €58.84 (eBook). ISBN: 978-3-319-90334-7 (hardcover), 978-3-030-07994-9 (softcover), 978-3-319-90335-4 (eBook).
Onuora Oguno,A.C.《非洲的发展与受教育权》(Cham:Palgrave Macmillan,2019)。239页,23.36欧元(精装),69.99欧元(软封面),58.84欧元(电子书)。ISBN:978-3-319-90334-7(精装本),978-3-030-07994-9(软封面),978-3-319-90335-4(电子书)。
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引用次数: 0
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