Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02049
Corynebacterium is a skin commensal bacterium that can contaminate blood cultures. It is however also a rare cause of infective endocarditis (IE). Here we report a case of Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii aortic prosthesis IE in a 76-year-old man where only a single blood culture bottle was positive initially. C. kroppenstedtii is a very rare cause of IE, only reported two times previously. The diagnosis in our case was confirmed by repeated blood culture positivity and eventually by detection of DNA from C. kroppenstedtii on heart valves after valve exchange surgery. At surgery an aortic root abscess was detected and the valve was replaced by a homograft. Recovery was complicated by antibiotic-induced nephrotoxicity and treatment was concluded with moxifloxacin in combination with rifampicin. Recovery was uneventful. This case demonstrates that growth in even a single blood culture bottle may be important in patients with prosthetic heart valves.
{"title":"Even a single positive blood culture may matter – A case of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis caused by Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Corynebacterium</em> is a skin commensal bacterium that can contaminate blood cultures. It is however also a rare cause of infective endocarditis (IE). Here we report a case of <em>Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii</em> aortic prosthesis IE in a 76-year-old man where only a single blood culture bottle was positive initially. <em>C. kroppenstedtii</em> is a very rare cause of IE, only reported two times previously. The diagnosis in our case was confirmed by repeated blood culture positivity and eventually by detection of DNA from <em>C. kroppenstedtii</em> on heart valves after valve exchange surgery. At surgery an aortic root abscess was detected and the valve was replaced by a homograft. Recovery was complicated by antibiotic-induced nephrotoxicity and treatment was concluded with moxifloxacin in combination with rifampicin. Recovery was uneventful. This case demonstrates that growth in even a single blood culture bottle may be important in patients with prosthetic heart valves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214250924001252/pdfft?md5=a4b5a56a62d82aa038dbdb247a4c5abc&pid=1-s2.0-S2214250924001252-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01984
Jacob Beery , Kevin Roberston , Ashley Hynes , Adam Douglas , John Peters , Ryan Freedle , Robin Chamberland , Kevin Reilly , Getahun Abate
In this case report, we present a patient with a history of splenectomy and two recent hospital admissions for severe gastroenteritis with sepsis. The first hospital admission was for Yersinia enterocolitica and the second admission was for Campylobacter fetus gastroenteritis with bacteremia. During both admissions, the patient was treated with a prolonged course of antibiotics and later discharged with full recovery. In our review, we address the risk of enterocolitis in splenectomized patients.
{"title":"Campylobacter gastroenteritis and bacteremia in an asplenic patient with a recent history of Yersinia Enterocolitis: Case report and literature review","authors":"Jacob Beery , Kevin Roberston , Ashley Hynes , Adam Douglas , John Peters , Ryan Freedle , Robin Chamberland , Kevin Reilly , Getahun Abate","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this case report, we present a patient with a history of splenectomy and two recent hospital admissions for severe gastroenteritis with sepsis. The first hospital admission was for <em>Yersinia enterocolitica</em> and the second admission was for <em>Campylobacter fetus</em> gastroenteritis with bacteremia. During both admissions, the patient was treated with a prolonged course of antibiotics and later discharged with full recovery. In our review, we address the risk of enterocolitis in splenectomized patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221425092400060X/pdfft?md5=019e3a8b6ab8cda2abd88e7f8467b869&pid=1-s2.0-S221425092400060X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140906479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helicobacter cinaedi, a gram-negative spiral bacterium, has historically been associated with infections primarily in immunocompromised patients. Recently, however, its potential to cause infections in immunocompetent individuals has been recognized. We report a unique case of a man in his 20 s who reported having sex with men. He presented with symptoms of fever and throat discomfort and was diagnosed with a peritonsillar abscess. While the rapid antigen test for Group A Streptococcus was positive and antibiotics were administered, a puncture fluid from the peritonsillar abscess taken the day after antibiotic treatment revealed the presence of Group C Streptococcus. By the fifth day, the blood culture taken on the first day detected a gram-negative spirochete, which was subsequently identified H. cinaedi. The patient had engaged in oral sex with his male partner, suggesting a potential transmission route. This is significant as H. cinaedi was initially identified from rectal cultures in men who have sex with men (MSM), raising the possibility of pharyngeal transmission through oral sex. In our patient, although H. cinaedi was not isolated from the aspirate of the peritonsillar abscess, its presence in the blood culture and lack of other potential sources of bacteremia make the abscess a likely primary site of infection. This case highlights the importance of considering H. cinaedi as a potential pathogen in immunocompetent patients, particularly in cases of MSM. The potential for H. cinaedi transmission through oral sex and its role in the development of peritonsillar abscesses, a previously unreported association, requires further investigation.
阴性螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter cinaedi)是一种革兰氏阴性螺旋菌,历来主要与免疫力低下患者的感染有关。但最近,人们认识到它有可能导致免疫功能正常的人感染。我们报告了一例独特的病例,患者是一名 20 多岁的男子,自称有男男性行为。他出现发烧和咽喉不适症状,被诊断为腹腔脓肿。虽然 A 群链球菌快速抗原检测呈阳性,并使用了抗生素,但在抗生素治疗后的第二天,从腹腔脓肿中抽取的穿刺液显示存在 C 群链球菌。到了第五天,第一天采集的血液培养物检测出一种革兰氏阴性螺旋体,随后确定为 H. cinaedi。患者曾与其男性伴侣发生口交,这表明存在潜在的传播途径。这一点意义重大,因为 H. cinaedi 最初是从男男性行为者(MSM)的直肠培养物中发现的,这增加了通过口交进行咽部传播的可能性。在我们的患者中,虽然没有从腹膜周围脓肿的抽吸物中分离出 H.cinaedi,但其在血液培养中的存在以及缺乏其他潜在的菌血症来源,使得脓肿很可能是原发感染部位。本病例强调了将 H. cinaedi 作为免疫功能正常患者的潜在病原体的重要性,尤其是在 MSM 病例中。H. cinaedi通过口交传播的可能性及其在发生扁桃体周围脓肿中的作用(这是一种以前未报道过的关联)需要进一步研究。
{"title":"Peritonsillar abscess associated with Helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia: A case report","authors":"Taku Harada , Toshiyuki Nakanishi , Satoshi Kutsuna , Mori Nakai","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Helicobacter cinaedi, a gram-negative spiral bacterium, has historically been associated with infections primarily in immunocompromised patients. Recently, however, its potential to cause infections in immunocompetent individuals has been recognized. We report a unique case of a man in his 20 s who reported having sex with men. He presented with symptoms of fever and throat discomfort and was diagnosed with a peritonsillar abscess. While the rapid antigen test for Group A Streptococcus was positive and antibiotics were administered, a puncture fluid from the peritonsillar abscess taken the day after antibiotic treatment revealed the presence of Group C Streptococcus. By the fifth day, the blood culture taken on the first day detected a gram-negative spirochete, which was subsequently identified H. cinaedi. The patient had engaged in oral sex with his male partner, suggesting a potential transmission route. This is significant as H. cinaedi was initially identified from rectal cultures in men who have sex with men (MSM), raising the possibility of pharyngeal transmission through oral sex. In our patient, although H. cinaedi was not isolated from the aspirate of the peritonsillar abscess, its presence in the blood culture and lack of other potential sources of bacteremia make the abscess a likely primary site of infection. This case highlights the importance of considering H. cinaedi as a potential pathogen in immunocompetent patients, particularly in cases of MSM. The potential for H. cinaedi transmission through oral sex and its role in the development of peritonsillar abscesses, a previously unreported association, requires further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214250924000519/pdfft?md5=ce98e108a58df550be5bf17587a78983&pid=1-s2.0-S2214250924000519-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140759788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bedaquiline (BDQ) is an effective drug currently used for multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) and pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB) treatment. However, resistance to this new drug is emerging. We discussed the characteristics of the first patient in Ethiopia who acquired BDQ and fluoroquinolones (FQs) resistance during treatment follow-up.
Case report
In this case report, we present the case of a 28-year-old male pulmonary TB patient diagnosed with MDR-TB who is a resident of the Oromia Region of North Shewa, Mulona Sululta Woreda, Ethiopia. Sputum specimen was collected initially and for treatment monitoring using culture and for phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) to first-line and second-line TB drugs. Initially, the patient was infected with a mycobacterial strain resistant to the first-line anti-TB drugs Rifampicin (RIF), Isoniazid (INH), and Pyrazinamide (PZA). Later, during treatment, he acquired additional drug resistance to ethambutol (EMB), ofloxacin (OFX), levofloxacin (LFX), moxifloxacin (MFX), and BDQ. The patient was tested with MTBDRplus and MTBDRsl to confirm the presence of resistance-conferring mutation and mutation was detected in rpoB, katG, and gyrA genes. Finally, the patient was registered as having extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and immediately started an individualized treatment regimen.
Conclusion
This case report data has revealed the evolution of BDQ resistance during treatment with a BDQ-containing regimen in Ethiopia. Therefore, there is a need for DST to new second-line drugs to monitor and prevent the spread of DR-TB.
{"title":"Acquired bedaquiline and fluoroquinolones resistance during treatment follow-up in Oromia Region, North Shewa, Ethiopia","authors":"Getu Diriba , Ayinalem Alemu , Betselot Zerihun Ayano , Bazezew Yenew , Michael Hailu , Bedo Buta , Amanuel Wondimu , Zigba Tefera , Zerihun Ababu , Yerosen Ebisa , Shewki Moga , Gemechu Tadesse","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Bedaquiline (BDQ) is an effective drug currently used for multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) and pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB) treatment. However, resistance to this new drug is emerging. We discussed the characteristics of the first patient in Ethiopia who acquired BDQ and fluoroquinolones (FQs) resistance during treatment follow-up.</p></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><p>In this case report, we present the case of a 28-year-old male pulmonary TB patient diagnosed with MDR-TB who is a resident of the Oromia Region of North Shewa, Mulona Sululta Woreda, Ethiopia. Sputum specimen was collected initially and for treatment monitoring using culture and for phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) to first-line and second-line TB drugs. Initially, the patient was infected with a mycobacterial strain resistant to the first-line anti-TB drugs Rifampicin (RIF), Isoniazid (INH), and Pyrazinamide (PZA). Later, during treatment, he acquired additional drug resistance to ethambutol (EMB), ofloxacin (OFX), levofloxacin (LFX), moxifloxacin (MFX), and BDQ. The patient was tested with MTBDR<em>plus</em> and MTBDR<em>sl</em> to confirm the presence of resistance-conferring mutation and mutation was detected in <em>rpoB, katG,</em> and <em>gyrA</em> genes. Finally, the patient was registered as having extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and immediately started an individualized treatment regimen.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This case report data has revealed the evolution of BDQ resistance during treatment with a BDQ-containing regimen in Ethiopia. Therefore, there is a need for DST to new second-line drugs to monitor and prevent the spread of DR-TB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214250924000647/pdfft?md5=66283ef993a21b78e32db7140ead6942&pid=1-s2.0-S2214250924000647-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140948454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01968
Ashton D. Hall , Laura Victoria Medina Rodriguez , Jared Vearrier , Kavya Patel , Bryan C. Hambley , Moises A. Huaman
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious killer worldwide. Over two-thirds of new TB diagnoses in the United States occur among first-generation immigrants, especially within a year of migration. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) accounts for a minority of lymphoma cases but presents similarly to disseminated or extrapulmonary TB. Clinical overlap between TB and HL increases patient risk of misdiagnosis. Concomitant presentation of both diseases is not uncommon but infrequently reported. We present a case of isoniazid-resistant TB with progressively worsening lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly despite appropriate TB treatment. The patient was diagnosed with HL following PET/CT and axillary lymph node biopsy.
{"title":"The great imitator: Tuberculosis with lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly","authors":"Ashton D. Hall , Laura Victoria Medina Rodriguez , Jared Vearrier , Kavya Patel , Bryan C. Hambley , Moises A. Huaman","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious killer worldwide. Over two-thirds of new TB diagnoses in the United States occur among first-generation immigrants, especially within a year of migration. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) accounts for a minority of lymphoma cases but presents similarly to disseminated or extrapulmonary TB. Clinical overlap between TB and HL increases patient risk of misdiagnosis. Concomitant presentation of both diseases is not uncommon but infrequently reported. We present a case of isoniazid-resistant TB with progressively worsening lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly despite appropriate TB treatment. The patient was diagnosed with HL following PET/CT and axillary lymph node biopsy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214250924000441/pdfft?md5=bd3ca549060c8ac8c507148049fda40e&pid=1-s2.0-S2214250924000441-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140607080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malignant syphilis (MS) is a rare variant of secondary syphilis. Also known as rupioid syphilis, MS is characterized by the presence of multiple papules, papulopustules, black lamellate crust that may resemble an oyster shell, or nodules with ulceration lacking central clearing. MS is often associated with immunodeficiency and frequently co-occurs with HIV infection. We here report a case of MS in a patient with HIV infection. HIV infection can cause atypical clinical symptoms of syphilis. In this case, unlike previous cases, cutaneous lesions of MS were limited to the face, making the diagnosis challenging based on clinical findings alone. However, his laboratory findings, appearance of the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, and a dramatic response to antibiotic therapy are characteristic of MS, making the diagnosis even more certain. Our case suggests the importance of physicians considering the possibility of MS when observing black-crusted lesions.
{"title":"Malignant syphilis requiring differentiation from Kaposi's sarcoma","authors":"Mieko Tokano , Norihito Tarumoto , Kazuo Imai , Hiroshi Yamaguchi , Masaaki Takeji , Fumito Inayoshi , Keita Okamoto , Nobuhito Okumura , Shigefumi Maesaki","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Malignant syphilis (MS) is a rare variant of secondary syphilis. Also known as rupioid syphilis, MS is characterized by the presence of multiple papules, papulopustules, black lamellate crust that may resemble an oyster shell, or nodules with ulceration lacking central clearing. MS is often associated with immunodeficiency and frequently co-occurs with HIV infection. We here report a case of MS in a patient with HIV infection. HIV infection can cause atypical clinical symptoms of syphilis. In this case, unlike previous cases, cutaneous lesions of MS were limited to the face, making the diagnosis challenging based on clinical findings alone. However, his laboratory findings, appearance of the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, and a dramatic response to antibiotic therapy are characteristic of MS, making the diagnosis even more certain. Our case suggests the importance of physicians considering the possibility of MS when observing black-crusted lesions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214250924000192/pdfft?md5=e43924ef738e4b4587de17471db24f03&pid=1-s2.0-S2214250924000192-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140607102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01967
Ayemane Salif , Ferdinand Bigirimana , Sophie Willems , Gina Reichman , Johanna Noels , Sigi Van Den Wijngaert , Sophie Lecomte , Evelyne Maillart , Philippe Clevenbergh
Introduction
The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) used as anti-tuberculous vaccine is also a well-known therapy for superficial urothelial cancer. Local or general side effects can occur, although it is generally well tolerated.
Case
We present the case of a 65 year-old caucasian man consulting for gross hematuria and lower urinary tract symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a non-invasive urothelial carcinoma (NMIBC) and Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) IV lesions. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor revealed a non-invasive transitional cell carcinoma. Intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) therapy was provided. After 6 intravesical instillations, the patient presented with prostato-epididymitis. Forthcoming BCG instillations were canceled, and cancer treatment was switched to epirubicine. Treatment with ethambutol, rifampicin and isoniazid was started with rapid resolution of the symptoms. Urinary and semen cultures grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strain BCG. As prostate specific antigen (PSA) rose, prostate’s biopsies were performed showing extensive necrosis boarded by granulomas without signs of malignancy.
Discussion
BCGitis is a rare complication in patients treated for non-invasive urothelial cancer. Several risk factors, local and systemic, should be considered prior to this immunotherapy. BCGitis (local or disseminated) or hypersensitivity reactions to BCG must be included in the differential diagnosis even if therapy was administered several years before the symptoms. Adequate treatment must be started as fast as possible to avoid serious complications.
{"title":"Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) prostato-epididymitis in a patient treated for a non-invasive urothelial cancer: A case report","authors":"Ayemane Salif , Ferdinand Bigirimana , Sophie Willems , Gina Reichman , Johanna Noels , Sigi Van Den Wijngaert , Sophie Lecomte , Evelyne Maillart , Philippe Clevenbergh","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) used as anti-tuberculous vaccine is also a well-known therapy for superficial urothelial cancer. Local or general side effects can occur, although it is generally well tolerated.</p></div><div><h3>Case</h3><p>We present the case of a 65 year-old caucasian man consulting for gross hematuria and lower urinary tract symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a non-invasive urothelial carcinoma (NMIBC) and Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) IV lesions. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor revealed a non-invasive transitional cell carcinoma. Intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) therapy was provided. After 6 intravesical instillations, the patient presented with prostato-epididymitis. Forthcoming BCG instillations were canceled, and cancer treatment was switched to epirubicine. Treatment with ethambutol, rifampicin and isoniazid was started with rapid resolution of the symptoms. Urinary and semen cultures grew <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> complex strain BCG. As prostate specific antigen (PSA) rose, prostate’s biopsies were performed showing extensive necrosis boarded by granulomas without signs of malignancy.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>BCGitis is a rare complication in patients treated for non-invasive urothelial cancer. Several risk factors, local and systemic, should be considered prior to this immunotherapy. BCGitis (local or disseminated) or hypersensitivity reactions to BCG must be included in the differential diagnosis even if therapy was administered several years before the symptoms. Adequate treatment must be started as fast as possible to avoid serious complications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221425092400043X/pdfft?md5=5ce31518f8239a15483b9921ab561dbc&pid=1-s2.0-S221425092400043X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140644331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02039
The risk of infective endocarditis remains a major concern in patients with congenital heart disease; nevertheless, use of devices and prostheses in corrective surgery may have contributed to an increased incidence. Infective endocarditis due to Salmonella species are infrequently reported, therefore, their clinical presentations, prognosis and optimal treatment guideline are poorly described in literature. Here, we report a case of an 18-year-old diabetic lady with history of device closure of Patent ductus arteriosus and closure of peri-membranous small Ventricular septal defect in the year of 2005 and 2018 respectively who presented to us with high-grade fever for 10 days without any focal symptom. She was initially diagnosed as a case of Enteric fever based on serological tests for Salmonella species, later Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed infective endocarditis. The patient was treated with combination of antibiotics for a total 6-week duration. Although very rare, Salmonella have a predilection for the heart valves, particularly mitral and aortic valves. Diagnosis may be difficult, blood culture is often negative and a Transesophageal echocardiography should be performed without delay particularly in high risk patients. In most cases Salmonella endocarditis can be successfully treated with antimicrobials alone.
{"title":"Salmonella infective endocarditis in a young diabetic lady with device closure of PDA and VSD: A rare case report","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The risk of infective endocarditis remains a major concern in patients with congenital heart disease; nevertheless, use of devices and prostheses in corrective surgery may have contributed to an increased incidence. Infective endocarditis due to Salmonella species are infrequently reported, therefore, their clinical presentations, prognosis and optimal treatment guideline are poorly described in literature. Here, we report a case of an 18-year-old diabetic lady with history of device closure of Patent ductus arteriosus and closure of peri-membranous small Ventricular septal defect in the year of 2005 and 2018 respectively who presented to us with high-grade fever for 10 days without any focal symptom. She was initially diagnosed as a case of Enteric fever based on serological tests for Salmonella species, later Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed infective endocarditis. The patient was treated with combination of antibiotics for a total 6-week duration. Although very rare, Salmonella have a predilection for the heart valves, particularly mitral and aortic valves. Diagnosis may be difficult, blood culture is often negative and a Transesophageal echocardiography should be performed without delay particularly in high risk patients. In most cases Salmonella endocarditis can be successfully treated with antimicrobials alone<em>.</em></p></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221425092400115X/pdfft?md5=1ea3c31bf7ad0c2f9c078e9c8195e60a&pid=1-s2.0-S221425092400115X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02055
Background
Parvoviruses, characterized by their tropism for blood cells, can manifest as asymptomatic infections. With their ability to persist in blood, assessing the prevalence of Parvovirus B19 (B19V) and Parvovirus 4 (PARV4) among healthy blood donors is essential for evaluating the potential transmission risks through blood transfusions, emphasizing the need for comprehensive screening protocols.
Methods
Four hundred blood donors participated in the study, with their blood specimens subjected to Real-Time PCR analysis for B19V and PARV4 nucleic acids after obtaining informed consent. Additionally, Complete Blood Count (CBC) assessments and determination of anti-B19 V-IgM and anti-B19 V-IgG antibody titers were performed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for all collected samples.
Results
The results reveal that 12 out of 400 individuals (3 %) exhibited positive results for B19V DNA, while 6 out of 400 individuals (1.5 %) tested positive for PARV4 DNA. Additionally, 8 out of 400 individuals (2 %) displayed positive results for anti-B19V IgM, and 306 out of 400 individuals (76.5 %) exhibited positive results for anti-B19 IgG. Notably, one donation from a donor presenting anti-IgM antibodies was subsequently confirmed as B19V DNA-positive through Real-Time PCR. In the analysis of CBC, a significant disparity in platelet levels was observed between B19V-positive donors, PARV4-positive donors, and B19V-negative donors.
Conclusions
The study suggests that individuals at high risk, lacking detectable B19V antibodies, should undergo systematic screening and exclusion. This precaution is intended to minimize potential contamination risks within the studied cohort, despite the undefined pathogenesis and clinical implications of PARV4.
{"title":"Parvovirus B19 and Parvovirus 4 infections among healthy blood donors; A prevalence report from Iran","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Parvoviruses, characterized by their tropism for blood cells, can manifest as asymptomatic infections. With their ability to persist in blood, assessing the prevalence of Parvovirus B19 (B19V) and Parvovirus 4 (PARV4) among healthy blood donors is essential for evaluating the potential transmission risks through blood transfusions, emphasizing the need for comprehensive screening protocols.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Four hundred blood donors participated in the study, with their blood specimens subjected to Real-Time PCR analysis for B19V and PARV4 nucleic acids after obtaining informed consent. Additionally, Complete Blood Count (CBC) assessments and determination of anti-B19 V-IgM and anti-B19 V-IgG antibody titers were performed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for all collected samples.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results reveal that 12 out of 400 individuals (3 %) exhibited positive results for B19V DNA, while 6 out of 400 individuals (1.5 %) tested positive for PARV4 DNA. Additionally, 8 out of 400 individuals (2 %) displayed positive results for anti-B19V IgM, and 306 out of 400 individuals (76.5 %) exhibited positive results for anti-B19 IgG. Notably, one donation from a donor presenting anti-IgM antibodies was subsequently confirmed as B19V DNA-positive through Real-Time PCR. In the analysis of CBC, a significant disparity in platelet levels was observed between B19V-positive donors, PARV4-positive donors, and B19V-negative donors.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study suggests that individuals at high risk, lacking detectable B19V antibodies, should undergo systematic screening and exclusion. This precaution is intended to minimize potential contamination risks within the studied cohort, despite the undefined pathogenesis and clinical implications of PARV4.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214250924001318/pdfft?md5=0ba6a3d7da2b6a5263e09bccc294ab83&pid=1-s2.0-S2214250924001318-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141953361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}