Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.11.001
Qing Chang , Yukun Song , Md Mahmud Hossain , Huaguo Zhou
The complex geometric layout of partial cloverleaf (parclo) interchanges elevates the chances of drivers inadvertently choosing the incorrect ramp or direction. Previous research on wrong-way driving (WWD) has emphasized the frequent incidents at the off-ramp terminals of parclo interchanges. Many WWD incidents that did not result in a collision haven't received enough attention from researchers. Geometric features such as ramp design, signage placement, and interchange layout significantly influence driver behavior and decision-making. In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between geometric design elements and their impact on WWD incidents at parclo interchange terminals. Over 5000 h of video footage were meticulously reviewed to document instances of WWD at 75 parclo interchange terminals across 13 states. Multiple correspondence analysis was applied to explore the characteristics of the locations with recurring WWD incidents. The results revealed numerous associations among design elements that contributed to the increased risk of WWD incidents, including uncontrolled ramp terminal intersections without street lighting on a two-lane crossroad, poor pavement marking on a wide median between the on- and off-ramps, and so on. The outcomes of this study can be helpful in identifying and improving the critical geometric design criteria in parclo interchanges to minimize WWD incidents.
{"title":"Exploring the impact of design elements on wrong-way driving incidents at partial cloverleaf interchange terminals","authors":"Qing Chang , Yukun Song , Md Mahmud Hossain , Huaguo Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complex geometric layout of partial cloverleaf (parclo) interchanges elevates the chances of drivers inadvertently choosing the incorrect ramp or direction. Previous research on wrong-way driving (WWD) has emphasized the frequent incidents at the off-ramp terminals of parclo interchanges. Many WWD incidents that did not result in a collision haven't received enough attention from researchers. Geometric features such as ramp design, signage placement, and interchange layout significantly influence driver behavior and decision-making. In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between geometric design elements and their impact on WWD incidents at parclo interchange terminals. Over 5000 h of video footage were meticulously reviewed to document instances of WWD at 75 parclo interchange terminals across 13 states. Multiple correspondence analysis was applied to explore the characteristics of the locations with recurring WWD incidents. The results revealed numerous associations among design elements that contributed to the increased risk of WWD incidents, including uncontrolled ramp terminal intersections without street lighting on a two-lane crossroad, poor pavement marking on a wide median between the on- and off-ramps, and so on. The outcomes of this study can be helpful in identifying and improving the critical geometric design criteria in parclo interchanges to minimize WWD incidents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 4","pages":"Pages 550-559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.10.004
Sina Rejali , Kayvan Aghabayk , Nirajan Shiwakoti
Fully automated vehicles (FAVs) are anticipated to enter the passenger vehicle market soon. Given the uncertainties surrounding user adoption of this emerging technology, research is needed to understand their user acceptance. While most studies on the acceptance of automated vehicles have been conducted in upper-middle-income or high-income developed countries, similar research in middle-income countries is limited. This study aims to evaluate a priori acceptance of FAVs in a middle-income developing country by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Trust, subjective norms, perceived safety risk and four decision-making styles (Thoroughness, Hesitancy, Social resistance, and Perfectionism) were included in the extended model. This study aims to evaluate a priori acceptance of FAVs in a middle-income developing country by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Trust, subjective norms, perceived safety risk and four decision-making styles (Thoroughness, Hesitancy, Social resistance, and Perfectionism) were included in the extended model. Structural Equation Modeling was applied to confirm model validation by using data from 1026 drivers from different cities in Iran. A multi-group analysis was conducted to assess whether the relationships between model constructs vary across different demographic and background groups. Additionally, an importance-performance analysis was performed to gain a deeper understanding of the factors influencing behavioral intention. The findings of the model highlighted that beyond the original TAM scales, subjective norms were the strongest predictor in explaining drivers' intentions to use FAVs. Initial trust also moderately contributed to explaining user acceptance of FAVs. The results also revealed that among decision-making styles, thoroughness positively affected behavioral intention through trust, while social resistance had an indirect negative effect on intention. The findings showed that effect of the perceived safety risk on behavioral intention through the initial trust was confirmed; however, importance-performance map analysis revealed that a significant improvement was observed in the safety area that could still be obtained. It is suggested that policymakers start promoting the usefulness and ease of use of FAVs through advertisements, social media, public campaigns and autonomous vehicle test ride events to facilitate the adoption of FAVs when available in countries with similar sociocultural contexts.
全自动驾驶汽车（FAV）预计将很快进入乘用车市场。鉴于用户采用这一新兴技术的不确定性，需要开展研究以了解用户对其的接受程度。大多数关于自动驾驶汽车接受度的研究都是在中上收入或高收入发达国家进行的，而在中等收入国家进行的类似研究却很有限。本研究旨在通过扩展技术接受模型（TAM），评估中等收入发展中国家对自动驾驶汽车的先验接受度。信任、主观规范、感知安全风险和四种决策风格（彻底性、犹豫不决、社会抵制和完美主义）被纳入扩展模型。本研究旨在通过对技术接受模型（TAM）进行扩展，评估中等收入发展中国家对固定电话和自动交换机的先验接受程度。信任、主观规范、感知安全风险和四种决策风格（彻底性、犹豫不决、社会抵制和完美主义）被纳入扩展模型。利用来自伊朗不同城市的 1026 名驾驶员的数据，采用结构方程模型对模型进行了验证。为了评估模型结构之间的关系在不同人口和背景群体中是否存在差异，我们进行了多群体分析。此外，还进行了重要性表现分析，以深入了解影响行为意向的因素。该模型的研究结果表明，除了原有的 TAM 量表外，主观规范是解释司机使用 FAV 意图的最强预测因素。初始信任也在一定程度上解释了用户对 FAV 的接受程度。结果还显示，在决策风格中，彻底性通过信任对行为意向产生积极影响，而社会阻力则对意向产生间接的负面影响。研究结果表明，感知到的安全风险通过最初的信任对行为意向的影响得到了证实；然而，重要性-绩效图分析表明，在安全领域仍然可以观察到显著的改善。建议政策制定者开始通过广告、社交媒体、公共活动和自动驾驶汽车试乘活动来宣传自动驾驶汽车的实用性和易用性，以促进自动驾驶汽车在具有类似社会文化背景的国家得到采用。
{"title":"Assessing public a priori acceptance of fully automated vehicles using an extended technology acceptance model and importance-performance analysis","authors":"Sina Rejali , Kayvan Aghabayk , Nirajan Shiwakoti","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fully automated vehicles (FAVs) are anticipated to enter the passenger vehicle market soon. Given the uncertainties surrounding user adoption of this emerging technology, research is needed to understand their user acceptance. While most studies on the acceptance of automated vehicles have been conducted in upper-middle-income or high-income developed countries, similar research in middle-income countries is limited. This study aims to evaluate a priori acceptance of FAVs in a middle-income developing country by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Trust, subjective norms, perceived safety risk and four decision-making styles (Thoroughness, Hesitancy, Social resistance, and Perfectionism) were included in the extended model. This study aims to evaluate a priori acceptance of FAVs in a middle-income developing country by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Trust, subjective norms, perceived safety risk and four decision-making styles (Thoroughness, Hesitancy, Social resistance, and Perfectionism) were included in the extended model. Structural Equation Modeling was applied to confirm model validation by using data from 1026 drivers from different cities in Iran. A multi-group analysis was conducted to assess whether the relationships between model constructs vary across different demographic and background groups. Additionally, an importance-performance analysis was performed to gain a deeper understanding of the factors influencing behavioral intention. The findings of the model highlighted that beyond the original TAM scales, subjective norms were the strongest predictor in explaining drivers' intentions to use FAVs. Initial trust also moderately contributed to explaining user acceptance of FAVs. The results also revealed that among decision-making styles, thoroughness positively affected behavioral intention through trust, while social resistance had an indirect negative effect on intention. The findings showed that effect of the perceived safety risk on behavioral intention through the initial trust was confirmed; however, importance-performance map analysis revealed that a significant improvement was observed in the safety area that could still be obtained. It is suggested that policymakers start promoting the usefulness and ease of use of FAVs through advertisements, social media, public campaigns and autonomous vehicle test ride events to facilitate the adoption of FAVs when available in countries with similar sociocultural contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 4","pages":"Pages 537-549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research explores enhancing intersection safety, a critical aspect of urban traffic management, by analyzing the effects of infrastructure modifications and understanding driver behavior. Centered on a critical junction near Sichon Municipality, the study evaluates three proposed redesign scenarios using the VISSIM simulation tool and the Safety Surrogate Assessment Model (SSAM). These scenarios include the implementation of a roundabout with guidance feature (Model 2), the introduction of a dumbbell-shaped roundabout (Model 3), and the construction of a roundabout without turning points (Model 4). Findings suggest that Models 2 and 4, which incorporate roundabouts, can reduce conflict points, potentially decreasing traffic collisions. However, these models also indicate possible increases in travel times and queue lengths, highlighting the trade-offs between enhancing safety and maintaining traffic efficiency. An in-depth analysis of Deltas (ΔS) values through Optimized Hot Spot Analysis reveals areas with high and low collision severity, providing direction for targeted safety measures. The study demonstrates the complex effects of intersection redesigns on safety and traffic flow. For instance, Model 3 shows increased conflict points, emphasizing the need for specific design considerations to counteract potential negative impacts. Conversely, Model 4 achieves streamlined traffic flow but necessitates careful design to prevent new safety risks. This research underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to intersection safety that combines infrastructure improvements with insights into driver behavior. By utilizing advanced simulation tools and analyzing driving behavior, the study contributes valuable insights towards designing and assessing traffic safety interventions, aiming for safer and more efficient urban traffic environments.
{"title":"Improving urban intersection safety insights from simulation analysis","authors":"Chaiwat Yaibok , Piyapong Suwanno , Thaksakorn Pornbunyanon , Chollada Kanjanakul , Paramet Luathep , Atsushi Fukuda","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explores enhancing intersection safety, a critical aspect of urban traffic management, by analyzing the effects of infrastructure modifications and understanding driver behavior. Centered on a critical junction near Sichon Municipality, the study evaluates three proposed redesign scenarios using the VISSIM simulation tool and the Safety Surrogate Assessment Model (SSAM). These scenarios include the implementation of a roundabout with guidance feature (Model 2), the introduction of a dumbbell-shaped roundabout (Model 3), and the construction of a roundabout without turning points (Model 4). Findings suggest that Models 2 and 4, which incorporate roundabouts, can reduce conflict points, potentially decreasing traffic collisions. However, these models also indicate possible increases in travel times and queue lengths, highlighting the trade-offs between enhancing safety and maintaining traffic efficiency. An in-depth analysis of Deltas (ΔS) values through Optimized Hot Spot Analysis reveals areas with high and low collision severity, providing direction for targeted safety measures. The study demonstrates the complex effects of intersection redesigns on safety and traffic flow. For instance, Model 3 shows increased conflict points, emphasizing the need for specific design considerations to counteract potential negative impacts. Conversely, Model 4 achieves streamlined traffic flow but necessitates careful design to prevent new safety risks. This research underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to intersection safety that combines infrastructure improvements with insights into driver behavior. By utilizing advanced simulation tools and analyzing driving behavior, the study contributes valuable insights towards designing and assessing traffic safety interventions, aiming for safer and more efficient urban traffic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 4","pages":"Pages 523-536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.10.003
Shunsuke Kamijo
{"title":"History and social impact of IATSS research projects","authors":"Shunsuke Kamijo","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 4","pages":"Pages 572-573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.003
Abderrahim El Hafidy , Taoufik Rachad , Ali Idri
This study investigates the determinants that influence drivers to exceed speed limits by using an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Therefore, data about 254 drivers representing various cities in Morocco were collected via a web-based questionnaire. Then, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to validate the proposed questionnaire, while structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to analyze and validate the hypothesized model. The results suggest that the extended TPB, incorporating additional factors of habit, moral norms and descriptive norms, outperforms the original TPB. Moreover, the findings underscore that speeding behavior is directly influenced by both speeding intention and habit, and indirectly influenced by moral norms and habit through the mediation of intention. The result of this study will contribute to developing new behavior change interventions aiming at combating speeding behavior and also contributing to ongoing efforts aiming at promoting road safety.
{"title":"Factors associated with speeding behavior of Moroccan drivers: Study guided by the theory of planned behavior","authors":"Abderrahim El Hafidy , Taoufik Rachad , Ali Idri","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the determinants that influence drivers to exceed speed limits by using an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Therefore, data about 254 drivers representing various cities in Morocco were collected via a web-based questionnaire. Then, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to validate the proposed questionnaire, while structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to analyze and validate the hypothesized model. The results suggest that the extended TPB, incorporating additional factors of habit, moral norms and descriptive norms, outperforms the original TPB. Moreover, the findings underscore that speeding behavior is directly influenced by both speeding intention and habit, and indirectly influenced by moral norms and habit through the mediation of intention. The result of this study will contribute to developing new behavior change interventions aiming at combating speeding behavior and also contributing to ongoing efforts aiming at promoting road safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 4","pages":"Pages 516-522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.004
Kun-Feng (Ken) Wu, Yu-Jun Chen
Crashes involving alcohol-impaired driving or driving under influence (DUI) are more likely to increase crash probability and severity. Many countries have adopted increasingly stringent policies in curbing DUI. Nevertheless, more and more studies show that while the total number of DUIs has reduced as a whole, DUI recidivism remains challenging. As such, this study seeks to research into whether it is possible to identify frequent DUI recidivists based on their traffic offense history, so that effective countermeasure could be put in place and in time. This study proposes using the drivers' traffic offense history and length of duration between two DUIs, the duration of re-offending, to identify frequent DUI recidivists. This approach is not only widely adopted in public health, but is also flexible in accommodating many modeling issues such as data censoring, recurrent events, and the inclusion of time-varying covariates to address questions like whether the probability of recidivism increases or decreases with subsequent DUI offenses or other traffic offenses or violations. Our major results show that: (1) For all drivers caught for a DUI, 10 % of them would be caught for another DUI within a year; (2) In contrast, the same one-year recidivism probability for those who accumulated two DUIs and two run-the-red-light could be as high as 17 %; (3) Each subsequent DUI increased the probability of a further DUI offense by 57 %; and (4) Each additional DUI offense was associated with 45 % increase in probability of being involved in a crash involving DUI. Overall, there are clear links between a driver's history of traffic offenses, DUI recidivism, and crash involvement, which could provide valuable information for authorities to profile potential recidivists and apply preventative measures in advance to reduce DUI-related crashes.
{"title":"Is a Driver's history of drunk driving and other traffic offenses linked to subsequent drunk driving and traffic crashes? A case study of Taiwan.","authors":"Kun-Feng (Ken) Wu, Yu-Jun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crashes involving alcohol-impaired driving or driving under influence (DUI) are more likely to increase crash probability and severity. Many countries have adopted increasingly stringent policies in curbing DUI. Nevertheless, more and more studies show that while the total number of DUIs has reduced as a whole, DUI recidivism remains challenging. As such, this study seeks to research into whether it is possible to identify frequent DUI recidivists based on their traffic offense history, so that effective countermeasure could be put in place and in time. This study proposes using the drivers' traffic offense history and length of duration between two DUIs, the duration of re-offending, to identify frequent DUI recidivists. This approach is not only widely adopted in public health, but is also flexible in accommodating many modeling issues such as data censoring, recurrent events, and the inclusion of time-varying covariates to address questions like whether the probability of recidivism increases or decreases with subsequent DUI offenses or other traffic offenses or violations. Our major results show that: (1) For all drivers caught for a DUI, 10 % of them would be caught for another DUI within a year; (2) In contrast, the same one-year recidivism probability for those who accumulated two DUIs and two run-the-red-light could be as high as 17 %; (3) Each subsequent DUI increased the probability of a further DUI offense by 57 %; and (4) Each additional DUI offense was associated with 45 % increase in probability of being involved in a crash involving DUI. Overall, there are clear links between a driver's history of traffic offenses, DUI recidivism, and crash involvement, which could provide valuable information for authorities to profile potential recidivists and apply preventative measures in advance to reduce DUI-related crashes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 4","pages":"Pages 487-495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.10.001
Mahsa Bayat , Kayvan Aghabayk , Nirajan Shiwakoti
While current research extensively delves into the importance of driving skills and attitudes concerning traffic safety, a conspicuous gap remains in substantiating a meaningful correlation between self-reported driving skills and attitudes toward traffic safety. This underscores the need for more in-depth investigation and empirical evidence to better elucidate the nature of the relationship between self-perceived driving skills and attitudes in the context of traffic safety. This study investigates the relationship between drivers' skills and their attitudes toward traffic safety. Data from 664 drivers were collected through self-report questionnaires covering driving skills, attitudes, and demographic information. Factor analysis revealed three distinct factors for both driving skills (perceptual-motor skills, safety skills, and decisional skills) and driving attitudes (attitudes toward rule violations and speeding, attitudes toward careless driving of others, and attitudes toward drinking and driving). Structural equation models unveiled a significant connection between drivers' attitudes and safety skills, as well as decisional skills. Improved safety skills correlated with less favorable attitudes toward rule violations, speeding, careless driving of others, and drinking and driving. Similarly, enhanced decisional skills were associated with a rise in attitudes toward rule violations, speeding, and disregarding careless driving of others. Demographic analysis indicated an inverse correlation between age and attitude factors/decisional skills, coupled with a positive correlation with safety skills. Older individuals had less favorable attitudes toward rule violation, speeding, careless driving of others, the combination of drinking and driving, and their decisional skills were lower. Gender analysis revealed that men had a lower favorable viewpoint toward all three attitude dimensions and reported higher perceptual-motor and decisional skills compared to safety skills. The findings underscore the significance of safety and decisional skills in shaping attitudes toward traffic safety. Demographic factors, particularly age and gender, play a role in influencing these skills and attitudes, offering valuable insights for interventions and policy considerations.
{"title":"Investigating the driving skills-attitudes nexus for safer roads","authors":"Mahsa Bayat , Kayvan Aghabayk , Nirajan Shiwakoti","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While current research extensively delves into the importance of driving skills and attitudes concerning traffic safety, a conspicuous gap remains in substantiating a meaningful correlation between self-reported driving skills and attitudes toward traffic safety. This underscores the need for more in-depth investigation and empirical evidence to better elucidate the nature of the relationship between self-perceived driving skills and attitudes in the context of traffic safety. This study investigates the relationship between drivers' skills and their attitudes toward traffic safety. Data from 664 drivers were collected through self-report questionnaires covering driving skills, attitudes, and demographic information. Factor analysis revealed three distinct factors for both driving skills (perceptual-motor skills, safety skills, and decisional skills) and driving attitudes (attitudes toward rule violations and speeding, attitudes toward careless driving of others, and attitudes toward drinking and driving). Structural equation models unveiled a significant connection between drivers' attitudes and safety skills, as well as decisional skills. Improved safety skills correlated with less favorable attitudes toward rule violations, speeding, careless driving of others, and drinking and driving. Similarly, enhanced decisional skills were associated with a rise in attitudes toward rule violations, speeding, and disregarding careless driving of others. Demographic analysis indicated an inverse correlation between age and attitude factors/decisional skills, coupled with a positive correlation with safety skills. Older individuals had less favorable attitudes toward rule violation, speeding, careless driving of others, the combination of drinking and driving, and their decisional skills were lower. Gender analysis revealed that men had a lower favorable viewpoint toward all three attitude dimensions and reported higher perceptual-motor and decisional skills compared to safety skills. The findings underscore the significance of safety and decisional skills in shaping attitudes toward traffic safety. Demographic factors, particularly age and gender, play a role in influencing these skills and attitudes, offering valuable insights for interventions and policy considerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 4","pages":"Pages 496-505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.002
Husam Muslim, Marko Medojevic, Sandra Watanabe, Hisashi Imanaga, Nobuyuki Uchida, Sou Kitajima, Genya Abe
Road traffic crashes caused more than 108,000 deaths and 6,200,000 injuries resulting in 7.7 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 2019. This study estimates that 59 % of these casualties could have been avoided if all vehicles were designed to provide crash protection equivalent to that of the best vehicle safety design in their class and all road users adhered to safety best practices. Results of comparative risk assessments indicate that the application of safety technologies that are considered high priority by the United Nations (anti-lock braking, electronic stability control, occupant restraints, frontal and side airbags, crashworthiness, side-door beam, side structure and padding, and helmets) can save 34,373 lives and avert 2.5 million DALYs annually in ASEAN. While implementing Autonomous emergency braking and lane keeping assistance systems would provide additional reductions estimated at 13,077 fewer deaths and 1,021,220 fewer DALYs, speed-limitation systems would have a larger additional benefit, estimated at 21,394 lives saved and 1,382,530 fewer DALYs. The investigated technologies can be among the best approaches toward zero traffic deaths and can elevate public health burdens in low and middle-income countries.
{"title":"Toward zero traffic deaths and disabilities with active and passive safety technologies in the association of southeast Asian nations","authors":"Husam Muslim, Marko Medojevic, Sandra Watanabe, Hisashi Imanaga, Nobuyuki Uchida, Sou Kitajima, Genya Abe","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Road traffic crashes caused more than 108,000 deaths and 6,200,000 injuries resulting in 7.7 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 2019. This study estimates that 59 % of these casualties could have been avoided if all vehicles were designed to provide crash protection equivalent to that of the best vehicle safety design in their class and all road users adhered to safety best practices. Results of comparative risk assessments indicate that the application of safety technologies that are considered high priority by the United Nations (anti-lock braking, electronic stability control, occupant restraints, frontal and side airbags, crashworthiness, side-door beam, side structure and padding, and helmets) can save 34,373 lives and avert 2.5 million DALYs annually in ASEAN. While implementing Autonomous emergency braking and lane keeping assistance systems would provide additional reductions estimated at 13,077 fewer deaths and 1,021,220 fewer DALYs, speed-limitation systems would have a larger additional benefit, estimated at 21,394 lives saved and 1,382,530 fewer DALYs. The investigated technologies can be among the best approaches toward zero traffic deaths and can elevate public health burdens in low and middle-income countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 4","pages":"Pages 506-515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.002
Nagahiro Yoshida , Tomohito Nakai
Pedestrian-centered streets are being developed to enhance the attractiveness of cities by creating comfortable and walkable spaces. Recent advancements in information and communication technology have allowed for the analysis of the relationship between street spaces and pedestrian behavior using mobile probe data (MPD). This study examined the characteristics of pedestrian behavior around major railway stations using MPD and assessed the impact of street space quality on pedestrian presence and traffic volume. This study utilized the integration value of the Space Syntax theory to measure the street walkability and the size of retail facilities to determine street attractiveness. The results suggested that street space quality played a conditional role in attracting pedestrians and increasing the traffic volume between stations and commercial areas. This analysis method is effective for identifying the streets where the street space between origins and destinations is underestimated in relation to traffic volume. This can facilitate efforts to convert streets into pedestrian-friendly spaces, thereby enhancing walkability.
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Existing studies often overlook the nuanced differences between various road classifications and their respective crash dynamics, hindering the development of targeted interventions to mitigate crash severity. To address this gap, this study investigates factors influencing the likelihood of fatality in road crashes across highways, collector roads, and local roads in Thailand using crash data from 2015 to 2021. Highways connect regions with high-speed traffic and large volumes, collector roads link smaller communities with lower traffic density but allow higher speeds, and local roads primarily pass through villages, with narrow pathways, two traffic lanes, and frequent motorcycle use. The study employs machine learning methodologies utilizing tree-based algorithms, including Decision Trees, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost, Extra Trees, XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost. The XGBoost model delivered superior performance for highways, while Gradient Boosting slightly outperformed XGBoost for local and collector roads. Both models consistently achieved a test accuracy of 0.70, with precision between 0.66 and 0.67, recall ranging from 0.59 to 0.61, and F1-scores from 0.58 to 0.61. The AUC values also consistently ranged from 0.59 to 0.61. SHAP values reveal key factors influencing fatality risk across road types, including speeding, gender disparities, driving under the influence of alcohol, inadequate lighting, and elderly drivers. Specific concerns include reversing on highways, collisions in poorly lit areas on collector roads, and helmet non-use on local roads. The findings support policy recommendations to address speeding, target male and older drivers, prevent reversing incidents, enhance lighting, and promote helmet use. This research deepens our understanding of factors affecting road crash severity and offers valuable insights for improving road safety across various environments.
{"title":"Tree-based approaches to understanding factors influencing crash severity across roadway classes: A Thailand case study","authors":"Thanapong Champahom , Chamroeun Se , Fareeda Watcharamaisakul , Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao , Ampol Karoonsoontawong , Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing studies often overlook the nuanced differences between various road classifications and their respective crash dynamics, hindering the development of targeted interventions to mitigate crash severity. To address this gap, this study investigates factors influencing the likelihood of fatality in road crashes across highways, collector roads, and local roads in Thailand using crash data from 2015 to 2021. Highways connect regions with high-speed traffic and large volumes, collector roads link smaller communities with lower traffic density but allow higher speeds, and local roads primarily pass through villages, with narrow pathways, two traffic lanes, and frequent motorcycle use. The study employs machine learning methodologies utilizing tree-based algorithms, including Decision Trees, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost, Extra Trees, XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost. The XGBoost model delivered superior performance for highways, while Gradient Boosting slightly outperformed XGBoost for local and collector roads. Both models consistently achieved a test accuracy of 0.70, with precision between 0.66 and 0.67, recall ranging from 0.59 to 0.61, and F1-scores from 0.58 to 0.61. The AUC values also consistently ranged from 0.59 to 0.61. SHAP values reveal key factors influencing fatality risk across road types, including speeding, gender disparities, driving under the influence of alcohol, inadequate lighting, and elderly drivers. Specific concerns include reversing on highways, collisions in poorly lit areas on collector roads, and helmet non-use on local roads. The findings support policy recommendations to address speeding, target male and older drivers, prevent reversing incidents, enhance lighting, and promote helmet use. This research deepens our understanding of factors affecting road crash severity and offers valuable insights for improving road safety across various environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"48 3","pages":"Pages 464-476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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