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Literature Review on Language Attrition Causes: Word Frequency, and Identity and Belongings 关于语言损耗原因的文献综述:词频以及身份和归属感
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.6.455
Lan Y. Mao
Language attrition is the phenomenon of degradation and forgetting of the learning outcomes of language learners. This paper focuses on analyzing the factors influencing the emergence of language attrition in language users and language learners by summarizing previous empirical and qualitative studies . It finds that the influencing factors are divided into two main categories, including intralinguistic and extralinguistic factors. The former refers mainly to word frequency and the latter mostly indicates people’s quest for identity and a sense of belonging. And In order to fully analyze the effects of these factors on linguistic attrition, the author respectively discusses the mother tongue attrition and the second language in the first language environment and also in the second environment. Therefore, language change is the result of a combination of multifaceted factors. So this finding can expand the study of language and put forward suggestions on language teaching reform.
语言损耗是指语言学习者学习成果的退化和遗忘现象。本文通过总结以往的实证研究和定性研究,重点分析了语言使用者和语言学习者出现语言损耗的影响因素。研究发现,影响因素主要分为两类,包括语内因素和语外因素。前者主要是指词频,后者主要是指人们对身份和归属感的追求。而为了全面分析这些因素对语言损耗的影响,作者分别讨论了母语损耗和第二语言在第一语言环境中的损耗,以及在第二语言环境中的损耗。因此,语言的变化是多方面因素综合作用的结果。因此,这一发现可以拓展语言研究,为语言教学改革提出建议。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Automated Evaluation Feedback on Students’ Writing Revision 自动评价反馈对学生写作修改的影响
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.6.464
Ximing Yuan
To make essay scoring more manageable, Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) programs have been developed and widely used in China. It makes immediate feedback possible and helps students do self-revision instantly. This study attempts to explore the influences exerted by automated scoring feedback on students writing revision and analyze their revision process. with Juku. Pigai AWE system as an example, the research involves 45 non-English major students in Northwestern Polytechnical University and adopts their writing samples to build a small corpus. With careful study of their modification process and detailed analysis of their writing, the results shows that apart from providing holistic ideas on the article, Pigai system provides a specific review from 6 aspects as well. Besides, students can actively respond to the feedbacks and constantly revise their writing according to the feedback points, but mostly in technical details, morphemes, words, and phrases, short sentences. Online modification expands knowledge input, reduces language errors, improves students’ writing quality, and effectively promotes autonomous learning in students’ interaction with machines. However, limitations existed as well, such as lack of effective feedback on the content. Finally, the researcher proposed a “four-step” writing and evaluation model for future improvement.
为了使作文评分更易于管理,中国开发并广泛使用了自动写作评价(AWE)程序。它使即时反馈成为可能,并帮助学生即时进行自我修改。本研究试图探讨自动评分反馈对学生作文修改的影响,并分析他们的修改过程。Pigai AWE 系统为例,以西北工业大学 45 名非英语专业学生为研究对象,采用他们的写作样本建立了一个小型语料库。通过仔细研究他们的修改过程和详细分析他们的写作,结果表明 Pigai 系统除了提供对文章的整体看法外,还从 6 个方面提供了具体的评论。此外,学生还能积极回应反馈意见,并根据反馈意见不断修改自己的文章,但主要集中在技术细节、词素、单词和短语、短句等方面。在线修改扩大了知识输入,减少了语言错误,提高了学生的写作质量,有效促进了学生与机器交互的自主学习。但也存在一些局限性,如缺乏对内容的有效反馈。最后,研究人员提出了 "四步 "写作与评价模式,供今后改进。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Study of Thematic Structure and Progression Patterns in Political and Science Speeches 政治和科学演讲中的主题结构和进展模式比较研究
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.6.458
Yi Mao, Xiaolan Lei
Taking political and science speeches as subjects, the writer makes an attempt to analyze the similarities and differences between political speeches and science speeches on the basis of Halliday’s theme theory and Zhu Yongsheng’s thematic progression patterns. The quantitative analysis shows that, as to thematic structure, simple themes are used most in political speeches, whereas multiple themes contain the largest proportion of science speeches, and both of them rarely use clausal themes; in addition, interpersonal themes account for a larger percentage in political speeches, whereas textual themes occur more in science speeches. With regard to thematic progression patterns, both of them consist largely of same Theme pattern and continuous pattern, while same Rheme pattern and crossing pattern are rarely employed. This study expands the scope of research on thematic progression patterns and has implications for speakers and English learners.
作者以政治演讲稿和科普演讲稿为研究对象,以哈利迪的主题理论和朱永生的主题递进模式为基础,尝试分析政治演讲稿和科普演讲稿的异同。定量分析结果表明,在主题结构方面,政治演讲稿中简单主题使用最多,而科学演讲稿中多重主题所占比例最大,且两者都很少使用分句主题;此外,政治演讲稿中人际主题所占比例较大,而科学演讲稿中文本主题出现较多。在主题进行模式方面,两者都主要使用同一主题模式和连续模式,而很少使用同一流变模式和交叉模式。这项研究拓展了主题进行模式的研究范围,对演讲者和英语学习者都有启发意义。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis on the Space-Time Vision of “The Garden of Forking Paths” and “The Aleph”—From the Function of the Metaphor of Labyrinth and Mirror 三岔路口的花园》和《阿莱夫》的时空视野分析--从迷宫和镜子的隐喻功能谈起
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.6.461
Rundi Chen
In daily life, people tend to recognize and think about intangible and difficult-to-define concepts with reference to known, tangible, and concrete concepts, creating a way to understand different concepts in relation to each other. In Borges’ s short story “The Garden of Forking Paths” a labyrinthine manuscript of a novel constantly avoids the concept of time, while at the same time illustrating the infinite possibilities of time. The time and labyrinth in the story can be considered a pair of “structural metaphors.” The manuscript written by Hsi P’êng is a symbol of the labyrinth of time, which is like an ever-entwined network, a collection of contingencies, nonlinearities, and multidimensionality. Another story, “The Aleph” tells the tale of the protagonist who is drowned in depression due to the death of his lover, Bejatric when by chance, he discovers a secret hidden in his lover’s cousin’s basement, an Aleph, two or three centimeters in diameter, which concentrates all the images and scenes of the universe. The Aleph is the source of his poetic talent, his hope of finding his deceased lover, and a special “space” constructed by Borges through the metaphor of a “mirror”. The objective of this dissertation is to briefly analyze how Borges constructs a “labyrinth”to objectify his vision of time in the story, and how he uses “mirrors” to express his vision of space.
在日常生活中,人们往往会参照已知的、有形的、具体的概念来认识和思考无形的、难以定义的概念,从而创造出一种理解不同概念之间关系的方法。在博尔赫斯的短篇小说《岔路花园》中,一部迷宫般的小说手稿在不断回避时间概念的同时,也说明了时间的无限可能性。故事中的时间和迷宫可以说是一对 "结构隐喻"。希平写的手稿是时间迷宫的象征,它就像一个不断缠绕的网络,是偶然性、非线性和多维性的集合体。另一个故事 "阿莱夫 "讲述了主人公因恋人贝亚特里克的死而沉浸在抑郁中,一次偶然的机会,他发现了藏在恋人表弟地下室里的秘密--一个直径两三厘米的阿莱夫,它集中了宇宙中所有的图像和场景。阿莱夫 "是博尔赫斯诗歌天赋的源泉,是他寻找已故情人的希望,也是博尔赫斯通过 "镜子 "这一隐喻构建的特殊 "空间"。本论文旨在简要分析博尔赫斯如何在故事中构建 "迷宫 "来客观化他的时间观,以及如何使用 "镜子 "来表达他的空间观。
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引用次数: 0
Spiritual Imbalances of Characters in Maugham’s The Razor’s Edge from the Perspective of Spiritual Ecology 从精神生态学的角度看毛姆《剃刀边缘》中人物的精神失衡
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.6.466
Tiaomei Yan, Yu Sun
William Somerset Maugham is a well-known writer and playwright, and he is also among one of the most popular writers in Britain. The Razor’s Edge, published in 1944, is one of his representative novels. Set in Chicago, this novel reflects characters’ spiritual imbalances, i.e., crazy pursuit towards material life, alienated relationships between people and increasingly assimilated life style, featuring historical events like the booming economy in America after the First World War and the Great Depression in 1933. Considering characters’ problematic spiritual world, spiritual ecology could serve as a suitable and effective method to explain this phenomenon. Spiritual ecology mainly investigates people’s spiritual world that will go through many changes in the face of our society’s development. By applying the theory of spiritual ecology, this paper has analyzed characters’ spiritual imbalances in The Razor’s Edge. It is found that characters mainly encounter three kinds of spiritual imbalances: spiritual materialization, existential alienation and assimilation of the life style. The characters’ unhealthy spiritual world reflected in this novel displays Maugham’s reflection towards economic development and people’s imbalanced spiritual world in the face of material abundance. And in the rapidly developing 21st century, we also meet some spiritual dilemma. By interpreting characters’ spiritual imbalance in the novel, this paper hopes to offer some insights to the modern people.
威廉-萨默塞特-毛姆是著名作家和剧作家,也是英国最受欢迎的作家之一。1944 年出版的《剃刀边缘》是他的代表作之一。小说以芝加哥为背景,以第一次世界大战后美国经济繁荣和 1933 年经济大萧条等历史事件为背景,反映了人物精神上的失衡,即对物质生活的疯狂追求、人与人之间关系的疏离和生活方式的日益同化。考虑到人物精神世界存在的问题,精神生态学可以作为解释这一现象的合适而有效的方法。精神生态学主要研究的是人们的精神世界,面对社会的发展,人们的精神世界会发生很多变化。本文运用精神生态学理论,对《剃刀边缘》中人物的精神失衡现象进行了分析。研究发现,人物主要遭遇三种精神失衡:精神物质化、生存异化和生活方式同化。小说中反映出的人物不健康的精神世界,展现了毛姆对经济发展和物质丰富下人们精神世界失衡的反思。而在飞速发展的21世纪,我们也会遇到一些精神困境。本文希望通过解读小说中人物的精神失衡,为现代人提供一些启示。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on Lin Yutang’s Cultural Identity Through His Translation Work: The Wisdom of Laotse 通过林语堂的翻译工作研究其文化身份:老舍的智慧
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.6.456
Xin Yan, Xiao-Lin Yuan
The translation of Chinese classics has a history of more than a century, and Lin Yutang was a model of translating and introducing Chinese classics to the world in English. Lin Yutang translated Tao Te Ching as The Wisdom of Laotse by means of reconstructing, rewriting and interpreting, which has caused widespread concern and far-reaching influence in the world, and many Westerners began to learn about Chinese Taoist culture from The Wisdom of Laotse. By comparing the translated version with the original one, this paper attempts to study Lin Yutang’s cultural identity through The Wisdom of Laotse from a macro perspective. As a famous Chinese writer, linguist and essayist, Lin Yutang not only switched the linguistic code and adjusted the structure of Tao Te Ching, but also explained its contents and interpreted its thoughts in details with his own understanding, removing the strangeness of the original text, adding the logic and systematization of the Tao Te Ching. Lin introduced the indigenous Chinese Taoist culture to the English world with his insights, which has shaped his own cultural identity as a cultural interpreter, communicator and philosopher.
中国经典的翻译已有一百多年的历史,林语堂是用英语翻译并向世界介绍中国经典的典范。林语堂通过重构、改写和诠释的方式将《道德经》译为《老子智慧》,在世界上引起了广泛关注和深远影响,许多西方人开始从《老子智慧》中了解中国道家文化。本文试图通过对比译本与原著,从宏观角度研究林语堂通过《老子智慧》所表达的文化认同。作为中国著名作家、语言学家和散文家,林语堂不仅转换了《道德经》的语言编码,调整了《道德经》的结构,还以自己的理解详细阐释了《道德经》的内容,解读了《道德经》的思想,消除了原文的陌生感,增加了《道德经》的逻辑性和系统性。林清玄以其独到的见解将中国本土的道家文化介绍给英语世界,塑造了自己作为文化诠释者、传播者和哲学家的文化身份。
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引用次数: 0
A Literature Review of the Image Schema Theory and Concepts of Construction 形象模式理论和构建概念的文献综述
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.6.467
Ziqi Zhu
Cognitive Linguistics holds a view that linguistics forms are usage-based and motivation-based, especially on humans’ embodied conceptualizations. The image schema theory, as a new attempt to make language learning both interesting and effectively, plays a key role in Cognitive Linguistics and Neurology, featuring strong generality and explanatory power. Thus, this paper aims to examine a review of the existing literature on image schema. Besides, applying schematic constructions in teaching has sparked heated discussion among the scholars in the field of Cognitive Linguistics. For example, how to make constructions on idioms and phrasal verbs has also been greatly discussed in L2 acquisition. However, there has been a scarcity of research on the teaching of schematic constructions. To achieve this, this paper also aims to provide some suggestions for teaching practice.
认知语言学认为,语言形式是以使用和动机为基础的,特别是以人类的具身概念为基础。图像图式理论作为使语言学习既有趣又有效的新尝试,在认知语言学和神经学中发挥着重要作用,具有很强的普遍性和解释力。因此,本文旨在对有关图像图式的现有文献进行综述。此外,图式结构在教学中的应用也引发了认知语言学领域学者们的热烈讨论。例如,如何对习语和短语动词进行构式,在第二语言习得中也有大量讨论。然而,关于图式结构教学的研究却很少。为此,本文也旨在为教学实践提供一些建议。
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引用次数: 0
The Linguistic Landscape of a Historic Center Commercial Area: Aspects of Foreignness and Multilingualism Practices in Top-Down and Bottom-Up Signs 历史中心商业区的语言景观:自上而下和自下而上标识中的外来语和多语种做法
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.6.472
Denise Maia Pereira
This paper reports aspects of foreignness and multilingualism practices displayed in the linguistic landscape, top-down and bottom-up signs, and shop owners’ motivation of the choice of languages, of thirteen streets in the historic center commercial area of São Luís. The results of the analyses indicated that 90.6 percent of the foreign language found was English and all of the top-down signage had translation Portuguese-English. All of the top-down city maps had a logo in its top left sign with three languages, Portuguese, English and French translation stating “World Heritage”, a title the city holds. 50 percent of the usage of adding an apostrophe and the letter s in bottom-up signage was done for aesthetic reasons, 40 percent said it indicated plural, and 10 percent said it was to show possession. 70 percent had the perception that foreign language usage is somehow superior to the native language what bestows both the notions of status and trust that are attributed to foreign language usage.
本文报告了圣路易斯历史中心商业区十三条街道的语言景观、自上而下和自下而上的标识以及店主选择语言的动机所显示的外来语和多语言实践的各个方面。分析结果表明,90.6% 的外语为英语,所有自上而下的招牌都有葡英翻译。所有自上而下的城市地图左上方都有一个标志,上面用葡萄牙语、英语和法语三种语言翻译成 "世界遗产",这是该城市拥有的一个称号。50%的人认为在自下而上的标识中添加撇号和字母 s 是为了美观,40%的人认为这是为了表示复数,10%的人认为这是为了表示拥有。70%的人认为,外语的使用在某种程度上优于母语,这赋予了外语使用以地位和信任的概念。
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引用次数: 0
Novice and Expert Writers’ Citational Practice in the Methods Section of Research Articles 新手和专家写作者在研究文章方法部分的引用实践
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.6.444
Yu Bao, Yi Zhang
Citations are crucial rhetorical devices in establishing intellectual linkages, contextualizing research, enhancing persuasiveness. The current study compares five novice writers’ and five expert writers’ form-based citational practice (i.e., frequency and types of citations, and reporting verbs) in the Methods section of research articles. Results show that novice writers cite less in the Methods section as a blind spot than expert writers. Although novice writers share a similar preference for non-integral citations as experts, novice writers in general are less capable of exploiting diverse denotive and evaluative reporting verbs.
引用是建立知识联系、确定研究背景、增强说服力的重要修辞手段。本研究比较了五位新手写作者和五位专家写作者在研究文章的 "方法 "部分基于形式的引用实践(即引用的频率和类型以及报告动词)。结果表明,与专家写作者相比,新手写作者在 "方法 "部分的引用盲点较少。虽然新手写作者与专家写作者一样偏好非整合性引文,但总体而言,新手写作者不太善于利用多样化的指代性和评价性报告动词。
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引用次数: 0
A Study of the Russian Translation and Outreach Paths of the Maritime Cultural Terms in Zhufanzhi under the Perspective of Corpus Translation 语料库翻译视角下《诸蕃志》中海洋文化术语的俄语翻译及外宣路径研究
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.6.453
Hanwen Zhang, Xiaomei Ding, Yiling Cao
Chinese civilization is rich in maritime consciousness and has a long maritime tradition. As a book containing maritime culture, the study of Russian translations of maritime cultural terms in the Zhufanzhi helps to disseminate maritime culture to the outside world and to show the uniqueness of China’s maritime culture. This paper uses a corpus approach to classify and analyse in detail the translation methods used for the maritime cultural terms in the book. It is found that the translators mostly used direct translation, phonetic translation and annotation method for the Russian translation of marine culture terms in Zhufanzhi. By analysing the translation results and combining the background of the times and communication theories, four reasonable and feasible translation paths for foreign propaganda are proposed.
中华文明蕴含着丰富的海洋意识,有着悠久的海洋传统。作为一部蕴含海洋文化的书籍,研究《诸番志》中海洋文化术语的俄译有助于向外界传播海洋文化,展现中国海洋文化的独特性。本文采用语料库的方法,对《诸番志》中海洋文化术语的翻译方法进行了详细的分类和分析。研究发现,译者对《诸蕃志》中海洋文化术语的俄译多采用直译法、音译法和注释法。通过对翻译结果的分析,结合时代背景和传播学理论,提出了四种合理可行的对外宣传翻译路径。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International journal of languages, literature and linguistics
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