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Prioritizing exceptional social needs. Experimental evidence on the role of discrimination and client deservingness in public employees’ and citizens’ discretionary behavior 优先考虑特殊的社会需求。歧视和客户应得性在公职人员和公民自由裁量行为中的作用的实验证据
4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231210025
Brian Dietrich, Michael Jankowski, Kai-Uwe Schnapp, Markus Tepe
This study examines how public employees and citizens exercise administrative discretion in a dilemma. To identify and compare the moral reasoning underlying discretionary choices, we conducted a conjoint experiment among public employees, future civil servants, and lay citizens in Germany. In the conjoint, respondents were forced to prioritize between two equally eligible welfare claimants. Claimants’ profiles vary concerning attributes reflecting earned-deservingness (e.g., non-self-inflicted welfare dependency), need-deservingness (e.g., dependent children), and attributes that can be used for unlawful discrimination (e.g., nationality). While some signs of discrimination exist, need-deservingness is the most important factor shaping respondents’ prioritization choices. More importantly, we find no substantial differences in prioritization choices among public employees and citizens, indicating congruence in moral reasoning. From these findings, we conclude that efforts to reflect on national prejudices in the education of civil servants should be intensified, and a renewed emphasis on administrative ethics is required to equip public employees with the ability to make impartial yet balanced judgments in administrative dilemmas.
本研究探讨公务员和公民如何在两难的情况下行使行政自由裁量权。为了识别和比较自由裁量选择背后的道德推理,我们在德国的公共雇员、未来的公务员和普通公民中进行了一项联合实验。在联合调查中,受访者被迫在两个同等资格的福利申请人之间进行优先排序。申请人的个人资料在反映应得性(例如,非自我造成的福利依赖)、需要性(例如,受抚养的子女)和可用于非法歧视的属性(例如,国籍)方面各不相同。虽然存在一些歧视的迹象,但需求应得性是影响受访者优先选择的最重要因素。更重要的是,我们发现公务员和公民在优先级选择上没有实质性差异,这表明道德推理是一致的。根据这些发现,我们得出结论,应加强在公务员教育中反思民族偏见的努力,并需要重新强调行政伦理,以使公职人员具备在行政困境中做出公正而平衡的判断的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Islamic public administration and Islamic public value: Towards a research agenda 伊斯兰公共行政与伊斯兰公共价值:走向研究议程
4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231201799
Wolfgang Drechsler, Rainer Kattel, Salah Chafik
This essay explores whether religion has a place in addressing public challenges, particularly in the context of Non-Western Public Administration paradigms such as Confucian, Buddhist, and Islamic. The authors focus on Islam as a case study and highlight the need for real-life cases to build a grounded theory. To this end, the essay documents the authors’ ongoing research on Islamic Public Value. We argue that to understand Public Administration in a global context, it is essential to recognize the limitations of a Western perspective, from which the dichotomy of religious versus secular emerged, and in so doing, consider alternative departure points, i.e. paradigms incorporating religious or semi-religious elements.
本文探讨宗教是否在解决公共挑战中占有一席之地,特别是在儒家、佛教和伊斯兰教等非西方公共管理范式的背景下。作者把伊斯兰教作为一个案例研究,并强调需要现实生活中的案例来建立一个有根据的理论。为此,这篇文章记录了作者正在进行的关于伊斯兰公共价值的研究。我们认为,要在全球背景下理解公共行政,有必要认识到西方视角的局限性,宗教与世俗的二分法由此产生,并在此过程中考虑其他出发点,即纳入宗教或半宗教元素的范式。
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引用次数: 0
Explaining interactions in collaborative innovation arrangements: How organizations influence their representatives’ interactions in collaborative innovation arrangements 解释协同创新安排中的互动:组织如何影响其代表在协同创新安排中的互动
4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231200275
Tom Langbroek, Koen Verhoest
Innovation through collaboration has been increasingly adopted to tackle complex social issues. As a result, the development of public sector innovations is to a lesser degree an ‘in-house’ matter and public sector innovations are increasingly more developed in collaborative arrangements that force organizations to interact across organizational borders. Despite the growing body of literature on collaborative innovation, little is known about the influence of organizations on the interactions of their members when they are acting on behalf of their organization in such collaborative arrangements. Through social network analysis, we examine how organizations influence the eagerness of their representatives in arrangements for collaborative innovation to engage in interactions outside official meetings with other participants. We found that the representative’s freedom to act and the extent to which the higher-level managers of the own organization sees the innovation project as a priority stimulates the extent to which the representative interacts with other participants in the arrangement. Moreover, reciprocity and having a coordinating role in the process determines interaction as well.
合作创新已越来越多地被用于解决复杂的社会问题。因此,公共部门创新的发展在较小程度上是“内部”事务,公共部门创新越来越多地在协作安排中发展,迫使组织跨越组织边界进行互动。尽管关于协同创新的文献越来越多,但当组织成员在这种协作安排中代表组织行事时,组织对其成员之间的互动的影响却知之甚少。通过社会网络分析,我们研究了组织如何影响其代表在安排协同创新时与其他参与者在正式会议之外进行互动的热情。我们发现,代表的行动自由以及本组织的高层管理人员将创新项目视为优先事项的程度,刺激了代表与安排中其他参与者互动的程度。此外,互惠性和在过程中的协调作用也决定了互动。
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引用次数: 0
Data science, artificial intelligence and the third wave of digital era governance 数据科学、人工智能与第三波数字时代治理
4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231198737
Patrick Dunleavy, Helen Margetts
This article examines the model of digital era governance (DEG) in the light of the latest-wave of data-driven technologies, such as data science methodologies and artificial intelligence (labelled here DSAI). It identifies four key top-level macro-themes through which digital changes in response to these developments may be investigated. First, the capability to store and analyse large quantities of digital data obviates the need for data ‘compression’ that characterises Weberian-model bureaucracies, and facilitates data de-compression in data-intensive information regimes, where the capabilities of public agencies and civil society are both enhanced. Second, the increasing capability of robotic devices have expanded the range of tasks that machines extending or substituting workers’ capabilities can perform, with implications for a reshaping of state organisation. Third, DSAI technologies allow new options for partitioning state functions in ways that can maximise organisational productivity, in an ‘intelligent centre, devolved delivery’ model within vertical policy sectors. Fourth, within each tier of government, DSAI technologies offer new possibilities for ‘administrative holism’ - the horizontal allocation of power and functions between organisations, through state integration, common capacity and needs-based joining-up of services. Together, these four themes comprise a third wave of DEG changes, suggesting important administrative choices to be made regarding information regimes, state organisation, functional allocation and outsourcing arrangements, as well as a long-term research agenda for public administration, requiring extensive and detailed analysis.
本文根据数据驱动技术的最新浪潮,如数据科学方法和人工智能(这里标记为DSAI),研究了数字时代治理(DEG)模型。它确定了四个关键的顶层宏观主题,通过这些主题可以研究应对这些发展的数字变化。首先,存储和分析大量数字数据的能力消除了对数据“压缩”的需求,这是韦伯模式官僚机构的特征,并促进了数据密集型信息制度中的数据解压缩,其中公共机构和公民社会的能力都得到了增强。其次,机器人设备的能力不断增强,扩大了机器可以扩展或取代工人能力的任务范围,这对重塑国家组织有影响。第三,DSAI技术允许在垂直政策部门的“智能中心,下放交付”模式中,以能够最大化组织生产力的方式划分国家职能的新选择。第四,在每一级政府中,DSAI技术为“行政整体主义”提供了新的可能性——通过国家整合、共同能力和基于需求的服务联合,在组织之间横向分配权力和职能。这四个主题共同构成了第三波DEG变化,建议在信息制度、国家组织、职能分配和外包安排方面做出重要的行政选择,以及公共行政的长期研究议程,需要广泛和详细的分析。
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引用次数: 0
Stakeholder involvement as a form of accountability? Perspectives on the accountability function of stakeholder bodies in Dutch public agencies 利益相关者参与作为问责的一种形式?对荷兰公共机构中利益相关者的问责职能的看法
4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231203283
Lars Brummel
This article analyses how managers and officials within public agencies perceive the accountability function of stakeholder bodies. Many agencies have established formal accountability relationships with societal stakeholders by introducing stakeholder bodies, such as client councils and user panels. The academic literature has however debated whether and how stakeholder bodies can reflect a full accountability mechanism. Based on original qualitative interviews with 25 representatives from nine Dutch agencies, this study distinguishes five different perspectives that agency managers and officials have about the accountability function of stakeholder bodies: a control perspective, an institutional perspective, a managerial perspective, learning perspective, and a reputational perspective. Agency managers or officials do not often describe stakeholder bodies as a form of accountability, but their experiences and perceptions include elements of accountability. Rather than strengthening control and scrutiny, stakeholder bodies are perceived as an accountability mechanism that relates to a mixture of agency demands and motives.
本文分析了公共机构管理者和官员如何看待利益相关者主体的问责功能。许多机构通过引入利益相关者机构,如客户委员会和用户小组,与社会利益相关者建立了正式的问责关系。然而,学术文献对利益相关者团体是否以及如何反映一个完整的问责机制进行了辩论。基于对来自9个荷兰机构的25名代表的原始定性访谈,本研究区分了机构经理和官员对利益相关者机构问责职能的五种不同视角:控制视角、制度视角、管理视角、学习视角和声誉视角。机构管理人员或官员通常不把利益攸关方机构描述为问责制的一种形式,但他们的经验和看法包括问责制的要素。利益相关者团体不是加强控制和审查,而是被视为一种与机构要求和动机混合有关的问责机制。
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引用次数: 0
Legal certainty in automated decision-making in welfare services 福利服务中自动决策的法律确定性
4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231202334
Vanja Carlsson
Within the context of digital automation and profiling in the public sector, the rule of law and its inherent principle of legal certainty are highly debated concepts in relation to the desirable values and norms of equal treatment, transparency, and impartiality. However, scholars and policymakers disagree over whether automated decision-making (ADM) is beneficial for legal certainty. This debate highlights the ambiguity embedded in the substantive meaning of legal certainty. This article aims to analyze how the principle of legal certainty is interpreted and defined during the practical application of ADM in welfare services and to discuss the theoretical prerequisites for these definitions to be realized in ADM processes. The empirical case is the Swedish Public Employment Service, which makes extensive use of a statistical ADM tool for decision-making about whether or not to provide support to jobseekers. While the implementation of ADM by welfare institutions has been encouraged due to the assumption that it strengthens public and democratic principles, the study shows that, in practice, ADM processes are perceived as non-transparent and generate a relatively large proportion of incorrect decisions. This may be specifically disadvantageous for vulnerable individuals, who run the risk of being incorrectly denied the right kind of support while at the same time having a greater need for welfare support. The widespread future use of ADM in welfare services may affect how welfare rights and obligations and public principles are met in a new technological era.
在公共部门的数字自动化和分析的背景下,法治及其内在的法律确定性原则是与平等待遇、透明度和公正性的理想价值观和规范有关的备受争议的概念。然而,学者和政策制定者对自动化决策是否有利于法律确定性存在分歧。这场辩论突出了法律确定性的实质含义所隐含的模糊性。本文旨在分析在ADM在福利服务中的实际应用过程中,法律确定性原则是如何被解释和定义的,并探讨这些定义在ADM过程中得以实现的理论前提。经验案例是瑞典公共就业服务,它广泛使用统计ADM工具来决定是否向求职者提供支持。虽然福利机构实施ADM一直受到鼓励,因为它认为它加强了公共和民主原则,但研究表明,在实践中,ADM过程被认为是不透明的,并产生了相对较大比例的错误决策。这可能对弱势群体尤其不利,他们有可能被错误地拒绝适当的支持,同时更需要福利支持。未来ADM在福利服务中的广泛应用可能会影响福利权利义务和公共原则在新技术时代的实现。
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引用次数: 0
Governance principles and regulatory needs for a national digital education platform 国家数字教育平台的治理原则和监管需求
4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231202327
Alexander Gleiß, Konrad Degen, Alexander Knoth, Key Pousttchi, Ulrike Lucke
The educational sector currently faces a massive digital transformation with various digital offerings entering the market. To provide some orientation in this transforming space, a national digital education platform (NDEP) is under development in Germany as part of a nationwide flagship project. On the one hand, in efficiently connecting the relevant stakeholders to each other and to value-adding education-related offerings, various benefits emerge. On the other hand, monopolising the educational sector and influencing the respective market through a state-controlled platform bears potential regulatory risks from misuse of power by the platform to malpractice by the users. Against this background, we aim to identify and systematise these potential drawbacks prior to the platform’s actual development and implementation. We pursue a qualitative, interpretivist approach for policy analysis, based on ten elite interviews and two workshops. Our results are threefold: (1) We capture the consolidated NDEP architecture; (2) We categorise the range of relevant functions and value propositions of the NDEP; (3) We derive 23 regulatory areas of conflict across the three building blocks that result from the potential ecosystem and function scope configurations of the NDEP. As a contribution to research, we shed new interdisciplinary light on the governance and infrastructure of public-private platforms that enable innovation and collaboration while integrating respective market segments. As a contribution to practice, we provide clear guidance for policy-makers in strategizing the development and governance of and through national digital platforms in education.
随着各种数字产品进入市场,教育部门目前面临着大规模的数字化转型。为了在这个转型的空间中提供一些方向,德国正在开发一个国家数字教育平台(NDEP),作为全国旗舰项目的一部分。一方面,通过有效地将相关利益相关者彼此联系起来,并将其与增值教育相关的产品联系起来,可以产生各种好处。另一方面,通过国家控制的平台垄断教育行业并影响相应的市场,会带来平台滥用权力、用户不当行为等潜在的监管风险。在这种背景下,我们的目标是在平台的实际开发和实现之前识别和系统化这些潜在的缺点。我们在十次精英访谈和两次研讨会的基础上,追求定性的、解释主义的政策分析方法。我们的结果有三个方面:(1)我们捕获了整合的NDEP架构;(2)我们对NDEP的相关功能和价值主张进行了分类;(3)我们从NDEP的潜在生态系统和功能范围配置中得出了跨三个构建块的23个冲突监管领域。作为对研究的贡献,我们为公私平台的治理和基础设施提供了新的跨学科视角,从而在整合各自细分市场的同时实现创新和协作。作为对实践的贡献,我们为政策制定者提供了明确的指导,以制定国家教育数字平台的发展和治理战略。
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引用次数: 1
International public administration and management: Towards the third phase? 国际公共行政与管理:迈向第三阶段?
4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231198995
Edoardo Ongaro, Alessando Sancino
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引用次数: 0
Inside algorithmic bureaucracy: Disentangling automated decision-making and good administration 在算法官僚主义内部:解开自动化决策和良好管理的纠缠
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231197801
Ulrik Roehl, J. Crompvoets
Public administrative bodies around the world are increasingly applying automated, administrative decision-making as underlying technologies such as machine learning mature. Such decision-making is a central element of emerging forms of algorithmic bureaucracies. With its direct exercise of public authority over individual citizens and firms, automated, administrative decision-making makes it particularly important to consider relations to values of good administration. Based on a multiple case-study, the article focuses on how empirical use of automated decision-making influences and transforms issues of good administration in four policy areas in Denmark: Business and social policy; labour market policy; agricultural policy; and tax policy. Supplementing emerging literature, the article exemplifies how public authorities struggle to apply automated decision-making in ways that support rather than undermine good administration. We identify six empirical relations of usage of automated, administrative decision-making and good administration: (I) Giving accurate and comprehensible reasons; (II) Informing addressees’ expectations; (III) Combining material and algorithmic expertise; (IV) Achieving effective oversight; (V) Continuously ensuring quality; and (VI) Managing high complexity. Additionally, we pinpoint related key capabilities for administrative bodies in order to support good administration.
随着机器学习等底层技术的成熟,世界各地的公共行政机构越来越多地应用自动化的行政决策。这种决策是新兴形式的算法官僚机构的核心要素。由于其对公民个人和公司直接行使公共权力,自动化的行政决策使得考虑与良好管理价值观的关系变得尤为重要。基于多个案例研究,文章重点讨论了自动化决策的实证使用如何影响和改变丹麦四个政策领域的良好管理问题:商业和社会政策;劳动力市场政策;农业政策;以及税收政策。这篇文章补充了新兴的文献,举例说明了公共当局如何努力以支持而不是破坏良好管理的方式应用自动化决策。我们确定了使用自动化、行政决策和良好管理的六种经验关系:(I)给出准确和可理解的理由;(II) 告知收件人的期望;(III) 结合材料和算法专业知识;(IV) 实现有效监督;(V) 持续保证质量;以及(六)管理高度复杂性。此外,我们还指出了行政机构的相关关键能力,以支持良好的行政管理。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring emergent collaborations for digital transformation in local governments: The engagement of public libraries in the development of smart cities 探索地方政府数字化转型的新兴合作:公共图书馆参与智慧城市发展
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231197600
Battulga Buyannemekh, José Ramón Gil-García, Mila Gascó-Hernández
Collaboration is increasingly perceived as essential for digital transformation in the public sector. Transforming services and internal operations through the use of information and communication technologies frequently requires the engagement of multiple stakeholders beyond government agencies. This is particularly important in the specific case of smart city initiatives, which intend to leverage technologies to address complex socio-economic and sustainability challenges in local jurisdictions. In addition, emergent research asserts that community organizations such as public libraries can be strategic partners in these multi-actor efforts but does not adequately assess the determinants of these collaborations for developing smart cities, which may result in significant digital transformation at the local level. Based on public management literature on collaboration, this article contributes to digital transformation research by quantitively testing the antecedents of existing collaborations between public libraries and other stakeholders to develop smart cities. Overall, our findings suggest that leadership, preexisting relationships, and agreement on initial aims significantly impact the extent and effectiveness of public libraries' collaborations in developing smart cities.
合作越来越被认为是公共部门数字化转型的关键。通过使用信息和通信技术来转变服务和内部运作,通常需要政府机构以外的多个利益攸关方的参与。这在智能城市倡议的具体案例中尤为重要,该倡议旨在利用技术解决地方司法管辖区复杂的社会经济和可持续性挑战。此外,新兴研究断言,公共图书馆等社区组织可以成为这些多参与者努力的战略合作伙伴,但没有充分评估这些合作发展智能城市的决定因素,这可能会导致地方层面的重大数字化转型。基于有关合作的公共管理文献,本文通过定量测试公共图书馆与其他利益相关者之间现有合作发展智慧城市的前因,为数字化转型研究做出了贡献。总体而言,我们的研究结果表明,领导力、预先存在的关系以及对初始目标的一致性显著影响公共图书馆在发展智能城市方面的合作程度和有效性。
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引用次数: 0
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Public Policy and Administration
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