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Policy initiatives for Artificial Intelligence-enabled government: An analysis of national strategies in Europe 人工智能政府的政策举措:欧洲国家战略分析
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231198411
Colin van Noordt, R. Medaglia, Luca Tangi
Governments have been putting forward various proposals to stimulate and facilitate research on Artificial Intelligence (AI), develop new solutions, and adopt these technologies within their economy and society. Despite this enthusiasm, however, the adoption and deployment of AI technologies within public administrations face many barriers, limiting administrations from drawing on the benefits of these technologies. These barriers include the lack of quality data, ethical concerns, unawareness of what AI could mean, lack of expertise, legal limitations, the need for inter-organisational collaboration, and others. AI strategy documents describe plans and goals to overcome the barriers to introducing AI in societies. Drawing on an analysis of 26 AI national strategy documents in Europe analysed through the policy instrument lens, this study shows that there is a strong focus on initiatives to improve data-related aspects and collaboration with the private sector, and that there are limited initiatives to improve internal capacity or funding.
各国政府一直在提出各种建议,以刺激和促进人工智能(AI)的研究,开发新的解决方案,并在其经济和社会中采用这些技术。然而,尽管有这种热情,在公共行政部门采用和部署人工智能技术面临许多障碍,限制了行政部门利用这些技术的好处。这些障碍包括缺乏高质量的数据、道德问题、不了解人工智能的含义、缺乏专业知识、法律限制、需要组织间合作等等。人工智能战略文件描述了克服将人工智能引入社会的障碍的计划和目标。根据对欧洲26个人工智能国家战略文件的分析,通过政策工具的视角分析,本研究表明,人们非常关注改善数据相关方面和与私营部门合作的举措,而改善内部能力或资金的举措有限。
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引用次数: 0
Reaping the fruits of co-creation through design experiments 通过设计实验收获共同创造的成果
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231197802
J. Torfing, E. Sørensen, M. Dečman
Co-creation has received a growing attention in the public sector as a tool for mobilizing resources, spurring public innovation, and enhancing democratic legitimacy. Reaping the fruits of co-creation largely depends on the attempts made by local leaders to facilitate effective collaboration, overcome emerging problems and obstacles, and cope with the emerging dilemmas and paradoxes. There is limited knowledge about how this is done in practice. Hence, public administration researchers must team up with local leaders of co-creation to jointly test different ways of improving the processes and results of co-creation processes. This endeavour calls for an interactive research strategy where researchers and practitioners work together to conduct design experiments aimed at improving the design of a process by iteratively diagnosing problems and obstacles that prevent goal achievement, seeking to remove the hindrances through targeted interventions, and finally measuring the impact of the interventions vis-à-vis the stated goals. This article serves the dual purpose of producing new context-dependent insights into how leaders of co-creation can tackle emerging problems and obstacles and evaluating the use of design experiments in the field of public administration. It analyses and compares six design experiments conducted in relation to local cases of co-creation that are studied using mixed methods. The main finding is that: (1) the problems emerging in co-creation processes are for the most part manageable; (2) the leadership interventions are relatively undemanding; and (3) the positive impact of most of the interventions finds support in the extant research literature.
作为调动资源、促进公共创新和增强民主合法性的工具,共同创造在公共部门越来越受到关注。共同创造的成果在很大程度上取决于地方领导人为促进有效合作、克服新出现的问题和障碍以及应对新出现的困境和悖论所做的努力。关于如何在实践中做到这一点的知识有限。因此,公共行政研究人员必须与地方共创领导者合作,共同测试改善共创过程和结果的不同方法。这项工作需要一种互动研究策略,研究人员和从业者共同进行设计实验,旨在通过反复诊断阻碍目标实现的问题和障碍来改进流程设计,寻求通过有针对性的干预措施消除障碍,最后衡量干预措施对既定目标的影响。这篇文章的双重目的是,对共同创造的领导者如何应对新出现的问题和障碍,以及评估设计实验在公共管理领域的使用,产生新的基于上下文的见解。它分析并比较了使用混合方法研究的与当地共同创作案例相关的六个设计实验。主要发现是:(1)共同创造过程中出现的问题在很大程度上是可控的;(2) 领导层的干预要求相对较低;以及(3)大多数干预措施的积极影响在现有的研究文献中得到了支持。
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引用次数: 0
Mission invisible? Managing boundaries for flood protection 任务不可见?管理防洪边界
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231191825
Evelijn Martinius
Although boundaries are typically seen as hampering inter-organizational collaboration, a lack of clear boundaries does not kindle collaboration either. This paper investigates how boundary spanners manage boundaries in inter-organizational collaboration. I draw on data from a 12-month ethnography of an inter-organizational innovation pilot between water authorities and utility owners in the Netherlands. The aim of this pilot was to improve the logistical and budgetary efficiency of renovations on dykes with underground utility systems, through collaboration between utility companies and water authorities. Findings show how pilot staff and participants were challenged by the invisibility of collaborative work: collaboration was undervalued, seen as a nuisance, and not as a core responsibility. Within the pilot potential measures of collaborative success and action were formulated, and participants learned about potential obstacles. This helped participants to see the potential of collaborative work clearer, and formulate collaborations that could move forward in acknowledgement of limitations. This paper contributes to the boundary work literature by proposing that managing the (in)visibility of boundaries is substantial to the competency of boundary spanners.
尽管边界通常被视为阻碍组织间合作,但缺乏明确的边界也不会引发合作。本文研究了边界管理者在组织间协作中如何管理边界。我引用了荷兰水务部门和公用事业所有者之间一项为期12个月的跨组织创新试点的民族志数据。该试点的目的是通过公用事业公司和水务部门之间的合作,提高具有地下公用事业系统的堤坝翻修的后勤和预算效率。调查结果显示,试点工作人员和参与者如何受到协作工作隐形性的挑战:协作被低估,被视为一种麻烦,而不是核心责任。在试点中,制定了合作成功和行动的潜在衡量标准,与会者了解了潜在的障碍。这有助于参与者更清楚地看到合作工作的潜力,并制定可以在承认局限性的情况下向前推进的合作。本文对边界工作文献做出了贡献,提出管理边界的可见性对边界管理人员的能力至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Dissecting the organization matters: Gauging the effect of unit-level and organization-level factors on perceived innovation outcomes 剖析组织事项:衡量单位层面和组织层面因素对感知创新结果的影响
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231193605
Emmanuel Dockx, K. Verhoest
Public sector innovation theory argues that the extent to which governments innovate is a question of factors such as capacity, collaboration, leadership, orientation, size, and autonomy. However, public sector organizations cannot be treated as uniform entities. Different units in an organization may have different challenges, networks, and exposure to innovation resources and pressures. Using multi-level survey data from Belgian federal and Flemish public sector managers ( N=351), we provide important new knowledge to understand what characteristics and incentives at both levels (units and their organizations) should be promoted and leveraged to support managers’ perceived innovation outcomes.
公共部门创新理论认为,政府创新的程度是能力、协作、领导力、方向、规模和自主权等因素的问题。然而,公共部门组织不能被视为统一的实体。一个组织中的不同单位可能面临不同的挑战、网络以及创新资源和压力。利用比利时联邦和佛兰德公共部门管理人员的多层次调查数据(N=351),我们提供了重要的新知识,以了解两个层面(单位及其组织)的哪些特征和激励措施应该得到推广和利用,以支持管理者感知的创新成果。
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引用次数: 0
The shifting political-administrative interface under Westminster: Australia’s prime ministerial views from Fraser to Morrison 威斯敏斯特下政治行政界面的转变:澳大利亚总理的观点从弗雷泽转向莫里森
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231191640
Prudence R. Brown
Effective administrative-political relationships are vital for the quality of public administration, both within Westminster-style systems and beyond. However, changes in political practice can put pressure on Westminster administrative conventions. More broadly, recent research interest in the changes in accountability relationships between bureaucrats and political principals and associated challenges to the neutrality of the public service have highlighted the need for further work to explore the changing operation of administrative-political relationships. This article analyses 15 key speeches of eight Australian Prime Ministers to explore whether there has been a significant shift in expectations of the public service, and whether these shifts represent a fracturing of Westminster conventions, or are a result of ongoing trends such as higher expectations of public sector responsiveness and the shift to market mechanisms consistent with New Public Management. The article makes two contributions: it analyses the approaches of Prime Ministers in Australia from different political parties over nearly 50 years and it contributes to understanding shifts in the relationship between governments and the public sector. The analysis also has implications for underlying concerns about how public institutions cope with changes in political leadership, and about how democratic institutions manage under increasingly right-wing governments.
有效的行政-政治关系对公共行政的质量至关重要,无论是在威斯敏斯特式体制内还是在其他体制内。然而,政治实践的变化可能会给威斯敏斯特的行政惯例带来压力。更广泛地说,最近对官僚和政治主体之间的责任关系的变化以及对公共服务中立性的相关挑战的研究兴趣突出表明,需要进一步努力探索行政-政治关系的不断变化的运作。本文分析了8位澳大利亚总理的15次重要演讲,以探讨对公共服务的期望是否发生了重大转变,这些转变是否代表了威斯敏斯特公约的破裂,或者是持续趋势的结果,例如对公共部门响应能力的更高期望以及与新公共管理相一致的市场机制的转变。这篇文章有两个贡献:它分析了近50年来来自不同政党的澳大利亚总理的做法,它有助于理解政府与公共部门之间关系的转变。该分析还暗示了一些潜在的担忧,比如公共机构如何应对政治领导层的变化,以及民主机构如何在日益右翼的政府下进行管理。
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引用次数: 0
Multiple pathways to solve urban challenges: A shared portfolio approach towards smart city development 解决城市挑战的多种途径:智慧城市发展的共享投资组合方法
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231183864
Chantal van den Ouweland, Willem van Winden, Luca Mora
Municipalities often collaborate with other stakeholders in smart city projects to develop and implement technological innovations to address complex urban issues. We propose the shared portfolio approach as an alternative way of collaborating , because we have identified possible limitations when the commonly used single-project approach is adopted in complex contexts, such as the smart city context. The portfolio approach enhances flexibility, an embedded focus and cross-project learning, because partners work on multiple projects – either in parallel or in succession – to develop multiple solutions to a specific problem. An in-depth case study is used to illustrate how the shared portfolio approach works. In practice, these insights can be used by public bodies who aim to collaborate in smart city development or by partners who work on smart city projects and wish to continue their collaboration in a portfolio setting. Conceptually, our paper develops a connection between cross-sector partnership literature and smart city literature by revealing how the shared portfolio approach could be an effective way to deal with the complexities of innovation in the smart city context.
市政当局经常与智慧城市项目中的其他利益相关者合作,开发和实施技术创新,以解决复杂的城市问题。我们建议将共享组合方法作为另一种协作方式,因为我们已经确定了在复杂环境(如智慧城市环境)中采用常用的单一项目方法时可能存在的局限性。投资组合方法增强了灵活性、嵌入式焦点和跨项目学习,因为合作伙伴在多个项目上工作——无论是并行的还是连续的——以开发针对特定问题的多种解决方案。一个深入的案例研究被用来说明共享投资组合方法是如何工作的。在实践中,这些见解可以被致力于智慧城市发展合作的公共机构或致力于智慧城市项目并希望在投资组合设置中继续合作的合作伙伴使用。从概念上讲,我们的论文通过揭示共享投资组合方法如何成为应对智慧城市背景下创新复杂性的有效方法,建立了跨部门合作文献和智慧城市文献之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
The dark side of public-private partnerships: Enforced hybridity and power dynamics in fighting financial crime 公私伙伴关系的黑暗面:打击金融犯罪的强制混合和权力动态
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231191821
Yentl Dudink, Y. Taminiau, M. Veenswijk
Different public-private partnerships may exhibit various characteristics, yet we understand little about the impact of imbalanced power dynamics among partners on the success or failure of partnerships. This study focuses on the private actor, an incumbent bank coerced into a collaborative governance configuration aimed at addressing the wicked problem of fighting financial crime. We investigate the response strategies of organizational members to examine the impact of when hybridity is enforced, meaning that organizations are driven by a multiplicity of values and objectives. We organize these strategies in two narratives: first, organizational members respond with a strategy of separation in resisting the integration of public values; second, organizational members respond with a strategy of transcendence by aiming to resistors to adopt their belief system. The ongoing struggle with the enforced hybridity reveals the dark side of public-private partnerships as members grapple with involuntary changes that threaten the private and commercial objectives of the bank. Our key message is that when private and public actors are involved in forced collaborations, the guise of a reputable, collaborative relationship may be used to conceal negative aspects and power imbalances, which helps to overcome resistance and elicit compliance.
不同的公私伙伴关系可能表现出不同的特征,但我们对伙伴之间不平衡的权力动态对伙伴关系成败的影响知之甚少。这项研究的重点是私人行为者,一家被胁迫进入合作治理结构的现任银行,旨在解决打击金融犯罪的邪恶问题。我们调查了组织成员的反应策略,以检验当混合性被强制执行时的影响,这意味着组织受到多种价值观和目标的驱动。我们将这些策略组织成两种叙事:首先,组织成员在抵制公共价值观整合时采取分离策略;第二,组织成员以超越策略回应,目标是抵抗者采用他们的信仰体系。与强制混合的持续斗争揭示了公私伙伴关系的黑暗面,因为成员们正在努力应对威胁银行私人和商业目标的非自愿变化。我们要传达的关键信息是,当私人和公共行为者参与强制合作时,信誉良好的合作关系可能会被用来掩盖负面方面和权力失衡,这有助于克服阻力并促使遵守。
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引用次数: 1
Geoffrey Kingdon Fry and the British road to public sector reform 杰弗里·金登·弗莱和英国的公共部门改革之路
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231189791
E. Page
To mark the 2023 death of GK Fry this note focuses attention on the approach to public sector reform in Britain discussed in his many works. Starting with his criticism of the 1968 Fulton Committee Report, his work developed a view of reform that foreshadowed debates that later went under the label of ‘new public management’ by at least 20 years. This note explains how he argued that a ‘positive state’ or Fabian approach dominated thinking about public administration for so long and largely accounted for the failure of most of the reforms of the postwar period until the 1980s. Fry’s background and interests to some degree help explain how he reached this perspective and how he set it out, so this note begins and ends with some outline of his life, career and outlook.
为了纪念GK Fry于2023年去世,本说明将注意力集中在他许多著作中讨论的英国公共部门改革方法上。从他对1968年富尔顿委员会报告的批评开始,他的工作形成了一种改革观,预示着后来被贴上“新公共管理”标签至少20年的辩论。这篇说明解释了他是如何认为“积极的国家”或法比安的方法长期以来主导了对公共行政的思考,并在很大程度上解释了战后直到20世纪80年代大多数改革的失败。弗莱的背景和兴趣在一定程度上有助于解释他是如何达到这一观点的,以及他是如何阐述这一观点,所以这篇笔记以他的生活、职业和前景的一些概述开始和结束。
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引用次数: 0
Varieties of governance versatility and institutions: Comparing the governance of primary care performance in six jurisdictions 治理的多样性和机构:六个司法管辖区初级保健绩效治理的比较
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231183506
V. Burau, T. Tenbensel, J. Denis, H. Dickinson, Karen Gardner, P. Groenewegen, E. Kuhlmann
Research on governance often assumes that governance requires combinations of hierarchical, market and network co-ordination. However, governance versatility – understood as the existence of a repertoire of different modes of coordination – is not a characteristic of all instances of governance. The aim of this paper is to offer a more thorough analysis by exploring existing levels of governance versatility and how these are influenced by institutional profiles. Our comparative study of primary care performance across six jurisdictions suggests that higher levels of governance versatility can be shaped by very different institutional profiles. Our analysis raises important questions for future studies of governance versatility.
治理研究通常认为治理需要层次协调、市场协调和网络协调相结合。然而,治理的多功能性——被理解为存在各种不同的协调模式——并不是所有治理实例的特征。本文的目的是通过探索现有的治理通用性水平以及这些水平如何受到机构概况的影响来提供更彻底的分析。我们对六个司法管辖区初级保健绩效的比较研究表明,不同的机构概况可以塑造更高水平的治理通用性。我们的分析为未来对治理多功能性的研究提出了重要的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Facing NPG implementation problems in municipal organizations: The wickedness of combined value systems 面对城市组织中的NPG实施问题:组合价值体系的邪恶
IF 3.1 4区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1177/09520767231189016
L. Kuitert, L. Volker, Jolien Grandia
Implementing new value systems in municipal organizations to add societal value is extremely challenging. Value tensions emerge inside public organizations when the traditional (TPA) and market (NPM) value systems are confronted with new collaborative value systems (NPG). A multi-level case study, based on interviews, observations and documents, was conducted in two large Dutch municipalities to analyze implementation challenges that civil servants encounter due to the implementation of NPG. By integrating a governance mechanisms-based approach with a value tension approach, the paper contributes to the understanding of internal hybridity in municipal organizations, and the wickedness of organizing public administration when implementing NPG, by identifying both vertical - formalization, flexibilization, and misalignment in top-down and bottom-up governance - and horizontal - different organizational pillars, professions, and value interpretations - implementation challenges. The paper concludes that in the paradoxical situation of complex policy arenas, values elements of TPA and NPG governance models associated with “doing it right” remained dominant in the trade-offs with new values of NPG modes associated with “doing the right thing”. Value conflicts hinder civil servants in ‘doing the right thing right’.
在市政组织中实施新的价值体系以增加社会价值极具挑战性。当传统(TPA)和市场(NPM)价值体系面临新的合作价值体系(NPG)时,公共组织内部就会出现价值紧张。在访谈、观察和文件的基础上,在荷兰的两个大城市进行了一项多层次的案例研究,以分析公务员因实施国家政策而面临的执行挑战。通过将基于治理机制的方法与价值张力方法相结合,本文通过识别垂直形式化、灵活性、,自上而下和自下而上的治理以及横向不同的组织支柱、专业和价值解释的错位——实施挑战。本文得出的结论是,在复杂政策领域的矛盾情况下,在与“做正确的事”相关的新的NPG模式价值观的权衡中,TPA和NPG治理模式的价值观要素仍然占主导地位。价值冲突阻碍了公务员“做正确的事”。
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引用次数: 0
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Public Policy and Administration
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