Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2023.2263451
Sabrina S Rapisarda, Kimberly R Kras, Grace LeMoyne, Don Hummer, Kelly Socia
Veterans treatment court (VTC) is the fastest growing type of treatment court in the United States with over 600 VTCs in operation today. Despite this recent proliferation, minimal scholarship has been conducted investigating how the state-level statutory landscape influences VTCs. The current study begins to address this gap by comprehensively reviewing and analyzing state legislation that governs the enactment, operation, and eligibility requirements of VTCs nationwide. Our initial search reveals that 70% of states currently operating VTCs are statutorily authorized at the state-level, of which nearly two-thirds also enumerates operational and eligibility criteria, such as military status and branch, mental health diagnosis, the "nexus", criminal history, military discharge status, offense severity and type, and more. Our analysis indicates considerable variation and nuance across states but coalesced into several unifying themes. The results provide insights on one of the many important powers involved in shaping the operational and eligibility elements of VTCs-state legislatures-and can serve as a catalyst for future research on the myriad factors involved in determining how we conceptualize VTCs and who is included in them.
{"title":"Veterans Treatment Courts: A Nationwide Review of Enacting and Eligibility State Statutes.","authors":"Sabrina S Rapisarda, Kimberly R Kras, Grace LeMoyne, Don Hummer, Kelly Socia","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2023.2263451","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15564886.2023.2263451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Veterans treatment court (VTC) is the fastest growing type of treatment court in the United States with over 600 VTCs in operation today. Despite this recent proliferation, minimal scholarship has been conducted investigating how the state-level statutory landscape influences VTCs. The current study begins to address this gap by comprehensively reviewing and analyzing state legislation that governs the enactment, operation, and eligibility requirements of VTCs nationwide. Our initial search reveals that 70% of states currently operating VTCs are statutorily authorized at the state-level, of which nearly two-thirds also enumerates operational and eligibility criteria, such as military status and branch, mental health diagnosis, the \"nexus\", criminal history, military discharge status, offense severity and type, and more. Our analysis indicates considerable variation and nuance across states but coalesced into several unifying themes. The results provide insights on one of the many important powers involved in shaping the operational and eligibility elements of VTCs-state legislatures-and can serve as a catalyst for future research on the myriad factors involved in determining how we conceptualize VTCs and who is included in them.</p>","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"19 1","pages":"32-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2023.2268620
Kim S. Ménard, Adam Christensen, Deborah D. Lee
ABSTRACTThis study uses lifestyle/routine activities to examine unwanted pursuit perpetration. Regressions were completed on the full sample, and separately for males (3,485) and females (4,022), and for those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ = 607) and those who do not (non-LGBTQ = 6,900). Sex (males), race (minorities), and unwanted pursuit victimization were associated with unwanted pursuit perpetration. Several identities by victimization interactions were also significantly associated with increased unwanted pursuit perpetration. Coefficient tests also revealed significant differences across sex (race, victimization, race by victimization, and LGBTQ by victimization) and across LGBTQ status (sex by victimization and race by victimization).KEYWORDS: Stalkingperpetrationcollege studentssexual minoritiesLGBTQ Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. ANOVA results indicated there were no significant mean differences in unwanted pursuit perpetration by campus location (F = .963, df 11, 7577, p = .48).
{"title":"The Influence of Offender Motivation on Unwanted Pursuit Perpetration Among College Students","authors":"Kim S. Ménard, Adam Christensen, Deborah D. Lee","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2023.2268620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2023.2268620","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis study uses lifestyle/routine activities to examine unwanted pursuit perpetration. Regressions were completed on the full sample, and separately for males (3,485) and females (4,022), and for those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ = 607) and those who do not (non-LGBTQ = 6,900). Sex (males), race (minorities), and unwanted pursuit victimization were associated with unwanted pursuit perpetration. Several identities by victimization interactions were also significantly associated with increased unwanted pursuit perpetration. Coefficient tests also revealed significant differences across sex (race, victimization, race by victimization, and LGBTQ by victimization) and across LGBTQ status (sex by victimization and race by victimization).KEYWORDS: Stalkingperpetrationcollege studentssexual minoritiesLGBTQ Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. ANOVA results indicated there were no significant mean differences in unwanted pursuit perpetration by campus location (F = .963, df 11, 7577, p = .48).","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"2018 27","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2023.2265348
Virginia B. Vincenti, Rakesh K. Maurya
{"title":"Relatives’ Understanding of Perpetrators of Elder Family Financial Exploitation: A Bioecological Approach to Understanding Risk Factors","authors":"Virginia B. Vincenti, Rakesh K. Maurya","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2023.2265348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2023.2265348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135889657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2023.2263849
Muratova Alua, Zhanibekov Akynkozha, Aryn Aizhan, Nurmaganbet Yermek, Yerlan Turgumbayev, Kevin M. Beaver
ABSTRACTThere has been considerable interest in understanding victim-offender overlap, including why it occurs and the factors that are responsible for creating it. At the same time, however, there has been a lack of research examining precisely why some offenders are able to escape victimization and yet others are more susceptible to it. The current study sought to address this gap in the literature. To do so, data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were analyzed. The results revealed that a range of covariates, including low self-control, delinquent peers, social support, parental criminality, intelligence, and poverty, were differentially related to the odds of being victimized among offenders over the life course. We discuss what these findings mean for research on victim-offender overlap and future research in this area.KEYWORDS: Add Healthoffendersoverlaprisk factorsvictimization AcknowledgmentsWave VI of Add Health is supported by two grants from the National Institute on Aging (1U01AG071448, principal investigator Robert A. Hummer, and 1U01AG071450, principal investigators Allison E. Aiello and Robert A. Hummer) to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Co-funding for Wave VI is being provided by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research, and the NIH Office of Disease Prevention. The content of this paper/presentation is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.Add Health was designed by J. Richard Udry, Peter S. Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The project was funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development from 1994-2021, with cooperative funding from 23 other federal agencies and foundations. Add Health is currently directed by Robert A. Hummer; it was previously directed by Kathleen Mullan Harris (Citation2004-2021) and J. Richard Udry (Citation1994-2004).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. In binary logistic regression, issues can surface (e.g., as issues with prediction) when the outcome is considered rare (King & Zeng, Citation2001). There is not a consensus on when an outcome is considered rare, and there are other factors to take into account (e.g., sample size, number of predictors in the models) rather than solely focusing on the proportion of the sample that has experienced the outcome (in this case, victimization). For the most part, the outcomes used in this study would fall outside the parameters of what is considered a “rare” outcome when using binary logistic regressio
【摘要】人们对理解受害者与罪犯的重叠非常感兴趣，包括为什么会发生这种情况以及造成这种情况的因素。然而，与此同时，对于为什么一些罪犯能够逃脱伤害，而另一些罪犯却更容易受到伤害，却一直缺乏研究。目前的研究试图解决这一空白的文献。为此，研究人员分析了来自全国青少年到成人健康纵向研究(Add Health)的数据。结果显示，一系列协变量，包括低自制力、不良同伴、社会支持、父母犯罪、智力和贫困，与罪犯一生中受害的几率存在差异。我们讨论了这些发现对研究受害者-罪犯重叠以及该领域未来研究的意义。Add Health第6期由美国国家老龄化研究所(1U01AG071448，首席研究员Robert A. Hummer和1U01AG071450，首席研究员Allison E. Aiello和Robert A. Hummer)和北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的两项资助资助。第六波的共同资助由尤尼斯·肯尼迪·施莱弗国家儿童健康和人类发展研究所、国家少数民族健康和健康差异研究所、国家药物滥用研究所、国家卫生研究院行为和社会科学研究办公室以及国家卫生研究院疾病预防办公室提供。本文的内容完全由作者负责，并不一定代表美国国立卫生研究院或北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的官方观点。Add Health是由北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的J. Richard Udry、Peter S. Bearman和Kathleen Mullan Harris设计的。1994-2021年，该项目由尤尼斯·肯尼迪·施莱弗国家儿童健康与人类发展研究所资助，其他23个联邦机构和基金会提供合作资金。Add Health目前由Robert A. Hummer执导;它之前由凯瑟琳·穆兰·哈里斯(Citation2004-2021)和j·理查德·尤德里(Citation1994-2004)执导。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。在二元逻辑回归中，当结果被认为是罕见的时，问题就会浮出水面(例如，预测问题)(King & Zeng, Citation2001)。对于什么时候一个结果被认为是罕见的，并没有达成共识，还有其他因素需要考虑(例如，样本量，模型中预测因子的数量)，而不是仅仅关注经历过结果的样本比例(在这种情况下，受害)。在大多数情况下，本研究中使用的结果将超出使用二元逻辑回归时被认为是“罕见”结果的参数。尽管如此，重要的是要记住，在不同的测量方法中，受害的样本比例差异很大，这可能导致模型结果的差异。
{"title":"What Separates Offenders Who are Not Victimized from Offenders Who are Victimized? Results from a Nationally Representative Sample of Males and Females","authors":"Muratova Alua, Zhanibekov Akynkozha, Aryn Aizhan, Nurmaganbet Yermek, Yerlan Turgumbayev, Kevin M. Beaver","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2023.2263849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2023.2263849","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThere has been considerable interest in understanding victim-offender overlap, including why it occurs and the factors that are responsible for creating it. At the same time, however, there has been a lack of research examining precisely why some offenders are able to escape victimization and yet others are more susceptible to it. The current study sought to address this gap in the literature. To do so, data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were analyzed. The results revealed that a range of covariates, including low self-control, delinquent peers, social support, parental criminality, intelligence, and poverty, were differentially related to the odds of being victimized among offenders over the life course. We discuss what these findings mean for research on victim-offender overlap and future research in this area.KEYWORDS: Add Healthoffendersoverlaprisk factorsvictimization AcknowledgmentsWave VI of Add Health is supported by two grants from the National Institute on Aging (1U01AG071448, principal investigator Robert A. Hummer, and 1U01AG071450, principal investigators Allison E. Aiello and Robert A. Hummer) to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Co-funding for Wave VI is being provided by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research, and the NIH Office of Disease Prevention. The content of this paper/presentation is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.Add Health was designed by J. Richard Udry, Peter S. Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The project was funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development from 1994-2021, with cooperative funding from 23 other federal agencies and foundations. Add Health is currently directed by Robert A. Hummer; it was previously directed by Kathleen Mullan Harris (Citation2004-2021) and J. Richard Udry (Citation1994-2004).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. In binary logistic regression, issues can surface (e.g., as issues with prediction) when the outcome is considered rare (King & Zeng, Citation2001). There is not a consensus on when an outcome is considered rare, and there are other factors to take into account (e.g., sample size, number of predictors in the models) rather than solely focusing on the proportion of the sample that has experienced the outcome (in this case, victimization). For the most part, the outcomes used in this study would fall outside the parameters of what is considered a “rare” outcome when using binary logistic regressio","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2023.2263756
Sean Byrne, James Byrne
The following Thematic Issue presents new research on the nature and extent of a wide range of scams, cons, frauds, and deceptive activities, including sextortion, the use of ransomware, phishing, identity theft, Ponzi schemes, online shopping fraud, gift card scams, and health care fraud targeting elderly victims. Are Americans particularly vulnerable to these scams? And does the public actually admire individuals who get involved, in large part due to the positive portrayal of scammers, fraudsters, and con artists in both literature and cinema? The potential impact of literary and cinematic depictions of these scams on the public’s view of both offending and victimization are considered, along with the government’s ongoing attempts to censure a wide range of books and films that may influence the public’s view of morality–and more recently, the public’s view of our government– due to their content.
{"title":"Scams, Cons, Frauds, and Deceptions","authors":"Sean Byrne, James Byrne","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2023.2263756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2023.2263756","url":null,"abstract":"The following Thematic Issue presents new research on the nature and extent of a wide range of scams, cons, frauds, and deceptive activities, including sextortion, the use of ransomware, phishing, identity theft, Ponzi schemes, online shopping fraud, gift card scams, and health care fraud targeting elderly victims. Are Americans particularly vulnerable to these scams? And does the public actually admire individuals who get involved, in large part due to the positive portrayal of scammers, fraudsters, and con artists in both literature and cinema? The potential impact of literary and cinematic depictions of these scams on the public’s view of both offending and victimization are considered, along with the government’s ongoing attempts to censure a wide range of books and films that may influence the public’s view of morality–and more recently, the public’s view of our government– due to their content.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2023.2255589
Skyler Morgan, Christina DeJong, Meredith G. F. Worthen
ABSTRACTThe current study expands on existing scholarship by exploring General Strain Theory to understand the relationships between school-based strain (feeling isolated at school and having trouble with people at school) and delinquency while considering the mediating role of depression among gay/lesbian, bisexual, mostly heterosexual, and heterosexual youth. Using the restricted Add Health data (N = 10,897) findings indicated that gay/lesbian youth report more delinquency than heterosexual youth and bisexual youth, yet mostly heterosexual youth report the highest levels of delinquency. Inconsistent with General Strain Theory’s predictions, depression did not mediate the relationship between school-based strain and delinquency when controlling for sexual identity. Further, our results suggested that certain school-based strains are predictive of delinquency for certain sexual identity groups (heterosexual and bisexual) but not others (mostly heterosexual and gay/lesbian). This work highlights the need for intersectional theoretical extensions, policy applications, and more research on strains, emotions, and delinquency to unravel the nuances of these relationships among the LGBTQ+ community.KEYWORDS: Delinquencygendergeneral strain theoryintersectionalityqueer criminologynegative emotionssexual identityLGBTQ Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. This work focuses on sexual identity, which is one dimension of a person’s sexual orientation. The other dimensions of sexual orientation include sexual attraction and sexual behavior (Fricke & Sironi, Citation2017; Priebe & Svedin, Citation2013). It is important to not conflate attraction or behavior with identity, and thus the findings from this study apply solely to sexual identity.2. Button (Citation2015, p. 489, Citation2016, p. 546) and Button and Worthen’s (Citation2014, p. 280) research used 5 items to construct a victimization scale: (1) missed school during the past month because they felt unsafe, (2) been threatened with a weapon at school during the past year, (3) had property stolen or damaged at school during the past year, (4) been in a physical fight during the past year, and (5) been injured in a physical fight which had to be treated by a nurse or doctor during the past year. Button and Worthen (Citation2017, p. 815) deviated from this by considering items two, three, and four listed above individually. All five of these items measure extreme types of school-based strains.3. However, Cesare Lombroso, one of the earliest criminologists, had a problematic obsession with LGBTQ+ people. Thus, criminology also has roots in the criminalization and demonization of queerness (Groombridge, Citation1999; Woods, Citation2015).4. The genetic sample includes biological siblings (Chen and Harris, Citation2020).5. As per Chen and Harris (Citation2020), we use the cross-sectional weight for Wave 2, which is the wave of our outcome variables. We als
{"title":"Examining Sexual Identity in the Context of General Strain Theory, School-Based Strain, Depression, and Delinquency","authors":"Skyler Morgan, Christina DeJong, Meredith G. F. Worthen","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2023.2255589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2023.2255589","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe current study expands on existing scholarship by exploring General Strain Theory to understand the relationships between school-based strain (feeling isolated at school and having trouble with people at school) and delinquency while considering the mediating role of depression among gay/lesbian, bisexual, mostly heterosexual, and heterosexual youth. Using the restricted Add Health data (N = 10,897) findings indicated that gay/lesbian youth report more delinquency than heterosexual youth and bisexual youth, yet mostly heterosexual youth report the highest levels of delinquency. Inconsistent with General Strain Theory’s predictions, depression did not mediate the relationship between school-based strain and delinquency when controlling for sexual identity. Further, our results suggested that certain school-based strains are predictive of delinquency for certain sexual identity groups (heterosexual and bisexual) but not others (mostly heterosexual and gay/lesbian). This work highlights the need for intersectional theoretical extensions, policy applications, and more research on strains, emotions, and delinquency to unravel the nuances of these relationships among the LGBTQ+ community.KEYWORDS: Delinquencygendergeneral strain theoryintersectionalityqueer criminologynegative emotionssexual identityLGBTQ Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. This work focuses on sexual identity, which is one dimension of a person’s sexual orientation. The other dimensions of sexual orientation include sexual attraction and sexual behavior (Fricke & Sironi, Citation2017; Priebe & Svedin, Citation2013). It is important to not conflate attraction or behavior with identity, and thus the findings from this study apply solely to sexual identity.2. Button (Citation2015, p. 489, Citation2016, p. 546) and Button and Worthen’s (Citation2014, p. 280) research used 5 items to construct a victimization scale: (1) missed school during the past month because they felt unsafe, (2) been threatened with a weapon at school during the past year, (3) had property stolen or damaged at school during the past year, (4) been in a physical fight during the past year, and (5) been injured in a physical fight which had to be treated by a nurse or doctor during the past year. Button and Worthen (Citation2017, p. 815) deviated from this by considering items two, three, and four listed above individually. All five of these items measure extreme types of school-based strains.3. However, Cesare Lombroso, one of the earliest criminologists, had a problematic obsession with LGBTQ+ people. Thus, criminology also has roots in the criminalization and demonization of queerness (Groombridge, Citation1999; Woods, Citation2015).4. The genetic sample includes biological siblings (Chen and Harris, Citation2020).5. As per Chen and Harris (Citation2020), we use the cross-sectional weight for Wave 2, which is the wave of our outcome variables. We als","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2023.2255590
Sarah Paquette, Olivia Ha, Julien Chopin, Eric Beauregard, Evan McCuish
{"title":"Offending Patterns in Cases of Sexual Violence Committed by Multiple Perpetrators","authors":"Sarah Paquette, Olivia Ha, Julien Chopin, Eric Beauregard, Evan McCuish","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2023.2255590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2023.2255590","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135980720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2023.2244468
Marguerite DeLiema, Julia Volker, Arthur Worley
ABSTRACT Retail gift cards are requested by fraud perpetrators in many types of mass marketing scams because they are accessible to consumers and card values can be redeemed remotely and anonymously. We interviewed 27 individuals who experienced a gift card payment scam. Five themes emerged: (1) contexts of vulnerability, (2) cognitive and emotional dissociative states, (3) the mixed efficacy of retail interventions, (4) self-blame, and (5) consumer education and other safeguards. Contextual and situational factors, such as work stress, having a recent experience that corresponded with the premise of the scam, and having an unmet financial or socioemotional need, increased vulnerability. Perpetrators used strong emotional appeals to activate a stress response and to interfere with participants’ reasoned decision making. To prevent victimization, direct questioning by retail employees was less effective than outright refusals to sell them gift cards. Several participants reported severe emotional distress and symptoms associated with trauma following victimization. Participants did not hold the retail stores or gift card issuers accountable for their losses and instead expressed self-blame. They advocated for more consumer education about gift card payment scams as well as more empathy and support for victims.
{"title":"Consumer Experiences with Gift Card Payment Scams: Causes, Consequences, and Implications for Consumer Protection","authors":"Marguerite DeLiema, Julia Volker, Arthur Worley","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2023.2244468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2023.2244468","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Retail gift cards are requested by fraud perpetrators in many types of mass marketing scams because they are accessible to consumers and card values can be redeemed remotely and anonymously. We interviewed 27 individuals who experienced a gift card payment scam. Five themes emerged: (1) contexts of vulnerability, (2) cognitive and emotional dissociative states, (3) the mixed efficacy of retail interventions, (4) self-blame, and (5) consumer education and other safeguards. Contextual and situational factors, such as work stress, having a recent experience that corresponded with the premise of the scam, and having an unmet financial or socioemotional need, increased vulnerability. Perpetrators used strong emotional appeals to activate a stress response and to interfere with participants’ reasoned decision making. To prevent victimization, direct questioning by retail employees was less effective than outright refusals to sell them gift cards. Several participants reported severe emotional distress and symptoms associated with trauma following victimization. Participants did not hold the retail stores or gift card issuers accountable for their losses and instead expressed self-blame. They advocated for more consumer education about gift card payment scams as well as more empathy and support for victims.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"55 1","pages":"1282 - 1310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78652388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2094517
Bethany L. Backes, Anna Wasim, M. Stephenson, Leila G. Wood
ABSTRACT As law enforcement agencies increasingly equip officers with cameras to capture evidence, there is growing interest to explore how video evidence, and specifically video-recorded victim statements, impact domestic violence investigation and prosecution practices. This study sought to better understand how the use of cameras by law enforcement impacted evidence in domestic violence cases. Data were collected from 44 law enforcement officers across five counties as part of an evaluation examining the implementation and subsequent case outcomes of a state-led initiative to collect video-recorded victim statements in domestic violence cases. Findings suggest video statements are a positive mechanism for improving the comprehensiveness of victim statements and enhancing evidence for use in prosecution. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
{"title":"“See What We See”: Law Enforcement Perceptions on Using Cameras for Evidence Collection in Domestic Violence Cases","authors":"Bethany L. Backes, Anna Wasim, M. Stephenson, Leila G. Wood","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2094517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2094517","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As law enforcement agencies increasingly equip officers with cameras to capture evidence, there is growing interest to explore how video evidence, and specifically video-recorded victim statements, impact domestic violence investigation and prosecution practices. This study sought to better understand how the use of cameras by law enforcement impacted evidence in domestic violence cases. Data were collected from 44 law enforcement officers across five counties as part of an evaluation examining the implementation and subsequent case outcomes of a state-led initiative to collect video-recorded victim statements in domestic violence cases. Findings suggest video statements are a positive mechanism for improving the comprehensiveness of victim statements and enhancing evidence for use in prosecution. Implications and future research directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"1148 - 1165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46363778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2051109
Fangzhou Wang, Xiaoli Zhou
ABSTRACT Sha Zhu Pan (杀猪盘, Pig-Butchering scam) is a new online romance scam targeting mainly Chinese-speaking individuals. While a few studies in Chinese have paid attention to Sha Zhu Pan, no study in English considers the role of scammers’ persuasive techniques in shaping the progress of fraudulent discourse. This study attempts to address this gap by analyzing the rhetorical moves of the Sha Zhu Pan scammers through using data from both victims and offenders. Victims’ testimonial data were collected from Zhihu, a prominent Chinese online platform for posting questions and answers and users’ personal experiences. This study also uses four complete police reports from law enforcement in China to provide objective evidences from offenders’ perspective in a natural setting. This study advances the model of criminal persuasion for Sha Zhu Pan developed from Gardner’s original persuasive framework. Such a model points out the type of persuasive techniques that the Sha Zhu Pan scammers frequently use during different stages of the scam. The results reflect a preliminary understanding of scammers’ behaviors, showing that the language of this financially and emotionally devastated crime indeed follows a premeditated arrangement. Moreover, such evidences can also support the proposal of related theoretical and policy implications for researchers, the government in China and other countries.
{"title":"Persuasive Schemes for Financial Exploitation in Online Romance Scam: An Anatomy on Sha Zhu Pan (杀猪盘) in China","authors":"Fangzhou Wang, Xiaoli Zhou","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2051109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2051109","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sha Zhu Pan (杀猪盘, Pig-Butchering scam) is a new online romance scam targeting mainly Chinese-speaking individuals. While a few studies in Chinese have paid attention to Sha Zhu Pan, no study in English considers the role of scammers’ persuasive techniques in shaping the progress of fraudulent discourse. This study attempts to address this gap by analyzing the rhetorical moves of the Sha Zhu Pan scammers through using data from both victims and offenders. Victims’ testimonial data were collected from Zhihu, a prominent Chinese online platform for posting questions and answers and users’ personal experiences. This study also uses four complete police reports from law enforcement in China to provide objective evidences from offenders’ perspective in a natural setting. This study advances the model of criminal persuasion for Sha Zhu Pan developed from Gardner’s original persuasive framework. Such a model points out the type of persuasive techniques that the Sha Zhu Pan scammers frequently use during different stages of the scam. The results reflect a preliminary understanding of scammers’ behaviors, showing that the language of this financially and emotionally devastated crime indeed follows a premeditated arrangement. Moreover, such evidences can also support the proposal of related theoretical and policy implications for researchers, the government in China and other countries.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"915 - 942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44983786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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