Pub Date : 2022-06-07DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2086117
Emily Moir, Lacey Schaefer
ABSTRACT Many jurisdictions are currently experiencing the effects of “mass supervision,” managing record-breaking numbers of people on probation and parole orders. Despite large numbers of people supervised on community corrections, little is understood about how these individuals navigate their supervision and their efforts to refrain from reoffending. In this article we analyze interviews with 53 probationers and parolees about their experiences with community supervision and their desistance journeys. Using an informant-by-variable matrix, our findings demonstrate that these community-supervised correctional clients generally want to steer clear of crime opportunities. The participants described how they utilized individualized and targeted strategies to reduce, resist, and replace these reoffending risks, recruiting handlers to help facilitate or encourage the use of these strategies. These results showcase the utility of opportunity-reduction models of supervision, contributing to our understanding of the decision-making processes of individuals subject to community corrections orders.
{"title":"Steering Clear of Crime: The Strategies Used by Probationers and Parolees to Reduce, Resist, and Replace Reoffending Risks","authors":"Emily Moir, Lacey Schaefer","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2086117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2086117","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many jurisdictions are currently experiencing the effects of “mass supervision,” managing record-breaking numbers of people on probation and parole orders. Despite large numbers of people supervised on community corrections, little is understood about how these individuals navigate their supervision and their efforts to refrain from reoffending. In this article we analyze interviews with 53 probationers and parolees about their experiences with community supervision and their desistance journeys. Using an informant-by-variable matrix, our findings demonstrate that these community-supervised correctional clients generally want to steer clear of crime opportunities. The participants described how they utilized individualized and targeted strategies to reduce, resist, and replace these reoffending risks, recruiting handlers to help facilitate or encourage the use of these strategies. These results showcase the utility of opportunity-reduction models of supervision, contributing to our understanding of the decision-making processes of individuals subject to community corrections orders.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"1093 - 1112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42327559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2075064
Cassandra Cross, Karen M. Holt, R. O’Malley
ABSTRACT Romance fraud involves the guise of a perceived genuine relationship to gain a financial reward. While those who commit these crimes employ a variety of techniques, emerging evidence suggests the use of sextortion to financially gain from victims. To date, sextortion has been explored generally in the image-based sexual abuse and sexual violence literature but not in the context of romance fraud. This article explores reports of 258 individuals who made a complaint to Scamwatch (Australian online fraud reporting portal) about romance fraud, captured between July 2018 and July 2019 (inclusive). Each of these complaints directly references the use of sextortion, through a threat to expose an intimate image or recording in response to a monetary request. Using an established cyber sextortion typology, this article applies these categories in the context of romance fraud to determine if there is consistency in the use of this technique, or whether its use in the context of romance fraud is unique.
{"title":"“If U Don’t Pay they will Share the Pics”: Exploring Sextortion in the Context of Romance Fraud","authors":"Cassandra Cross, Karen M. Holt, R. O’Malley","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2075064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2075064","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Romance fraud involves the guise of a perceived genuine relationship to gain a financial reward. While those who commit these crimes employ a variety of techniques, emerging evidence suggests the use of sextortion to financially gain from victims. To date, sextortion has been explored generally in the image-based sexual abuse and sexual violence literature but not in the context of romance fraud. This article explores reports of 258 individuals who made a complaint to Scamwatch (Australian online fraud reporting portal) about romance fraud, captured between July 2018 and July 2019 (inclusive). Each of these complaints directly references the use of sextortion, through a threat to expose an intimate image or recording in response to a monetary request. Using an established cyber sextortion typology, this article applies these categories in the context of romance fraud to determine if there is consistency in the use of this technique, or whether its use in the context of romance fraud is unique.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"10 1","pages":"1194 - 1215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81398465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2069898
B. K. Widanaralalage, Benjamin A. Hine, Anthony D. Murphy, Karim Murji
ABSTRACT Research on men’s experiences of sexual victimization is limited and largely outdated. The present study seeks to remedy this issue by qualitatively examining the accounts of nine male-on-male survivors of rape and sexual abuse in the UK. It examines survivors’ experiences of psychological distress post-incident, the influence and manifestation of male rape myths, challenges in self-recognition and disclosure, and barriers to accessing therapeutic support and reporting to the Criminal Justice System (CJS). Participants took part in one-to-one, semi-structured video interviews, and an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was utilized to identify four superordinate themes of participants’ experiences: i) gendered narratives, ii) coping with the abuse, iii) masculinity, and iv) reporting to the police. These themes emphasized the stigma and hostility repeatedly encountered by survivors after their victimization. Participants provided an account of short and long-term psychological issues following the abuse, emphasizing the role of self-perceptions of masculinity in the development of unhealthy coping mechanisms. Findings also highlighted the prevalence of prejudice and rape mythology that characterized negative encounters within the public, voluntary agencies, and the CJS. Results are discussed in relation to current service provision in the UK, recommendations for future research, and avenues for improvements across multiple vital entry points.
{"title":"“I Didn’t Feel I Was A Victim”: A Phenomenological Analysis of the Experiences of Male-on-male Survivors of Rape and Sexual Abuse","authors":"B. K. Widanaralalage, Benjamin A. Hine, Anthony D. Murphy, Karim Murji","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2069898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2069898","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research on men’s experiences of sexual victimization is limited and largely outdated. The present study seeks to remedy this issue by qualitatively examining the accounts of nine male-on-male survivors of rape and sexual abuse in the UK. It examines survivors’ experiences of psychological distress post-incident, the influence and manifestation of male rape myths, challenges in self-recognition and disclosure, and barriers to accessing therapeutic support and reporting to the Criminal Justice System (CJS). Participants took part in one-to-one, semi-structured video interviews, and an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was utilized to identify four superordinate themes of participants’ experiences: i) gendered narratives, ii) coping with the abuse, iii) masculinity, and iv) reporting to the police. These themes emphasized the stigma and hostility repeatedly encountered by survivors after their victimization. Participants provided an account of short and long-term psychological issues following the abuse, emphasizing the role of self-perceptions of masculinity in the development of unhealthy coping mechanisms. Findings also highlighted the prevalence of prejudice and rape mythology that characterized negative encounters within the public, voluntary agencies, and the CJS. Results are discussed in relation to current service provision in the UK, recommendations for future research, and avenues for improvements across multiple vital entry points.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"17 1","pages":"1147 - 1172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42869870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2069899
Kyriaki Fousiani, Jan‐Willem van Prooijen
ABSTRACT In the present research, we examine how power and group membership of an offender influence observers’ motives for punishment. As compared to powerless offenders, powerful offenders should elicit a stronger motivation of an observer to incapacitate them and protect society (i.e., utilitarian punishment motivation). Moreover, demonization of the offender (e.g., perceiving the offender as evil) should mediate the effect of power on punishing motives. Finally, we investigated whether group membership of an offender would moderate the effects of power on punishing motives. In three studies, we manipulated an offender’s power (high, low) and group membership (ingroup, outgroup, and – in Study 1 – ambiguous). Supporting our hypotheses, all three studies revealed that powerful offenders triggered stronger utilitarian punishment motivation as opposed to powerless offenders, while demonization of the offender mediated this effect. Moreover, Studies 1 and 2 showed that powerless offenders triggered stronger restorative punishment motivation as opposed to powerful offenders while low demonization of the offender mediated this effect. Contrary to our expectations, however, group membership did not moderate the effect of power on observer’s punishing motives. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
{"title":"Motives for Punishing Powerful Vs. Powerless Offenders: The Mediating Role of Demonization","authors":"Kyriaki Fousiani, Jan‐Willem van Prooijen","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2069899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2069899","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the present research, we examine how power and group membership of an offender influence observers’ motives for punishment. As compared to powerless offenders, powerful offenders should elicit a stronger motivation of an observer to incapacitate them and protect society (i.e., utilitarian punishment motivation). Moreover, demonization of the offender (e.g., perceiving the offender as evil) should mediate the effect of power on punishing motives. Finally, we investigated whether group membership of an offender would moderate the effects of power on punishing motives. In three studies, we manipulated an offender’s power (high, low) and group membership (ingroup, outgroup, and – in Study 1 – ambiguous). Supporting our hypotheses, all three studies revealed that powerful offenders triggered stronger utilitarian punishment motivation as opposed to powerless offenders, while demonization of the offender mediated this effect. Moreover, Studies 1 and 2 showed that powerless offenders triggered stronger restorative punishment motivation as opposed to powerful offenders while low demonization of the offender mediated this effect. Contrary to our expectations, however, group membership did not moderate the effect of power on observer’s punishing motives. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"1070 - 1092"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49500770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2062080
Byongook Moon, John D. McCluskey
ABSTRACT Several empirical studies have found that violence against teachers is a highly prevalent phenomenon in schools across the United States and has detrimental negative effects on victimized teachers. However, no empirical research has been conducted to explore the moderating effect of procedural justice on the relationship between victimization and physical/emotional distress. The present research, using a sample of victimized teachers via physical assault and theft/vandalism in a metropolitan region in Texas, investigates whether victimized teachers’ perception of procedural justice can play a significant role in moderating the negative impacts of violence against teachers on victimized teachers’ physical and emotional wellbeing. The results indicate that victimization via theft/vandalism and physical assault is closely related to victimized teachers’ emotional and physical distress. The findings show that the level of procedural justice schools demonstrate when handling teacher victimization incidents is associated with beneficial effects of reducing physical and emotional harm among victimized teachers.
{"title":"Aggression Toward Teachers and Negative Consequences: The Moderating Effects of Procedural Justice","authors":"Byongook Moon, John D. McCluskey","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2062080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2062080","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Several empirical studies have found that violence against teachers is a highly prevalent phenomenon in schools across the United States and has detrimental negative effects on victimized teachers. However, no empirical research has been conducted to explore the moderating effect of procedural justice on the relationship between victimization and physical/emotional distress. The present research, using a sample of victimized teachers via physical assault and theft/vandalism in a metropolitan region in Texas, investigates whether victimized teachers’ perception of procedural justice can play a significant role in moderating the negative impacts of violence against teachers on victimized teachers’ physical and emotional wellbeing. The results indicate that victimization via theft/vandalism and physical assault is closely related to victimized teachers’ emotional and physical distress. The findings show that the level of procedural justice schools demonstrate when handling teacher victimization incidents is associated with beneficial effects of reducing physical and emotional harm among victimized teachers.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"1030 - 1045"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45767395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2062081
Paige E. Vaughn, Joshua H. Williams, R. Rosenfeld, Mica Deckard
ABSTRACT Studies find mixed results regarding the effects of race on criminal justice case processing, likely because they rarely account for the race of both the victim and offender, and few consider how prosecutorial case screening may influence later criminal justice stages. This study examines the impact of victim and defendant race on case screening, bail, and sentencing outcomes for 1,131 firearm offenses that occurred between 2015 and 2018 in St. Louis, MO. Regressions modeling the relationships between each outcome and victim and defendant race (estimated separately and as defendant-victim racial dyads) find that cases involving Black victims, alone and in combination with Black defendants, are more likely than others to be dismissed by prosecutors during case screening, whereas legally relevant factors affect bail and sentencing outcomes. The results suggest that disregarding initial gatekeeping stages of criminal justice case processing may lead to the mistaken conclusion that racial disparities do not exist.
{"title":"Minority Victim Neglect and the Case Processing of Firearm Crimes","authors":"Paige E. Vaughn, Joshua H. Williams, R. Rosenfeld, Mica Deckard","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2062081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2062081","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies find mixed results regarding the effects of race on criminal justice case processing, likely because they rarely account for the race of both the victim and offender, and few consider how prosecutorial case screening may influence later criminal justice stages. This study examines the impact of victim and defendant race on case screening, bail, and sentencing outcomes for 1,131 firearm offenses that occurred between 2015 and 2018 in St. Louis, MO. Regressions modeling the relationships between each outcome and victim and defendant race (estimated separately and as defendant-victim racial dyads) find that cases involving Black victims, alone and in combination with Black defendants, are more likely than others to be dismissed by prosecutors during case screening, whereas legally relevant factors affect bail and sentencing outcomes. The results suggest that disregarding initial gatekeeping stages of criminal justice case processing may lead to the mistaken conclusion that racial disparities do not exist.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"1046 - 1069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46469452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-09DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2051107
Robert Thornberg, Bertil Wegmann, Linda Wänström, Y. Bjereld, J. Hong
ABSTRACT This study examined whether student–teacher relationship quality at the individual level and student–teacher relationship quality and peer climate at the class level were associated with being a bully, a victim, a bully/victim, or uninvolved in school bullying, controlling for gender, age, socioeconomic status and immigrant background at the individual level and socioeconomic status at the class level. Data from the Swedish Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey from 2017/2018 were analyzed. In the current study, a sample of 3,578 students from 213 school classes was included. The findings showed that student–teacher relationship quality at the individual level was associated with a lower probability of being a bully, a bully/victim, or a victim compared to being uninvolved. In addition, class climate at the class level was associated with a lower probability of being a bully/victim or a victim compared to being uninvolved. Supportive class climate and student–teacher relationship is thus important dimensions to focus on in the everyday bullying prevention in school.
{"title":"Associations between Student–Teacher Relationship Quality, Class Climate, and Bullying Roles: A Bayesian Multilevel Multinomial Logit Analysis","authors":"Robert Thornberg, Bertil Wegmann, Linda Wänström, Y. Bjereld, J. Hong","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2051107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2051107","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined whether student–teacher relationship quality at the individual level and student–teacher relationship quality and peer climate at the class level were associated with being a bully, a victim, a bully/victim, or uninvolved in school bullying, controlling for gender, age, socioeconomic status and immigrant background at the individual level and socioeconomic status at the class level. Data from the Swedish Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey from 2017/2018 were analyzed. In the current study, a sample of 3,578 students from 213 school classes was included. The findings showed that student–teacher relationship quality at the individual level was associated with a lower probability of being a bully, a bully/victim, or a victim compared to being uninvolved. In addition, class climate at the class level was associated with a lower probability of being a bully/victim or a victim compared to being uninvolved. Supportive class climate and student–teacher relationship is thus important dimensions to focus on in the everyday bullying prevention in school.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"17 1","pages":"1196 - 1223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47562735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-20DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2052215
Raquel Espejo-Siles, D. Farrington, Izabela Zych, Vicente J. Llorent
ABSTRACT Antisocial behavior and somatization are common problems in schools that have several consequences. However, the relation among these problems is not clear. This longitudinal research aims to better understand whether antisocial behavior is related to and predicts somatization, in order to prevent and reduce both disorders in young people. A longitudinal study with a one-year follow-up was carried out with students from several schools in Spain (N = 384). Validated questionnaires were used to assess antisocial behavior and somatization. Descriptive, correlational and linear regression analyses were performed. Most of the antisocial behaviors had significant correlations with somatization in both waves of the study. High scores in theft, violence and substance use were related to high scores in somatization cross-sectionally and one year later, in boys and girls. Female gender, high scores in violence and high scores in status offenses were related concurrently to more somatic symptoms. Female gender, high scores in violence and high scores in substance use predicted more somatic symptoms one year later. Antisocial behavior was found to be highly related to somatization. Early substance use prevention programs and programs to decrease violence at school could help reduce substance use, violence and somatization in students.
{"title":"Antisocial Behavior as a Longitudinal Predictor of Somatization in Adolescents","authors":"Raquel Espejo-Siles, D. Farrington, Izabela Zych, Vicente J. Llorent","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2052215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2052215","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Antisocial behavior and somatization are common problems in schools that have several consequences. However, the relation among these problems is not clear. This longitudinal research aims to better understand whether antisocial behavior is related to and predicts somatization, in order to prevent and reduce both disorders in young people. A longitudinal study with a one-year follow-up was carried out with students from several schools in Spain (N = 384). Validated questionnaires were used to assess antisocial behavior and somatization. Descriptive, correlational and linear regression analyses were performed. Most of the antisocial behaviors had significant correlations with somatization in both waves of the study. High scores in theft, violence and substance use were related to high scores in somatization cross-sectionally and one year later, in boys and girls. Female gender, high scores in violence and high scores in status offenses were related concurrently to more somatic symptoms. Female gender, high scores in violence and high scores in substance use predicted more somatic symptoms one year later. Antisocial behavior was found to be highly related to somatization. Early substance use prevention programs and programs to decrease violence at school could help reduce substance use, violence and somatization in students.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"732 - 743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47032645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-13DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2041518
Leonel da Cunha Gonçalves, S. Baggio, N. Schnyder, M. Zaballa, H. Baysson, I. Guessous, A. Rossegger, J. Endrass, H. Wolff, S. Stringhini, L. Gétaz
ABSTRACT This study focused on COVID-19 preventive behaviors and fears among prison staff members after the first wave of the pandemic. Cross-sectional data from 171 participants were collected in Switzerland. The level of fears (58.5%) and protective behaviors (100%) were high. Correctional officers adhered less to preventive measures than other staff members (p = .001). Fears were related to a reduction of social contacts (p = .006) and worries about physical health was related to preventive behaviors in general (p = .006). There is a need to raise prison staff awareness regarding their vulnerability to the SARS-CoV-2 in order to improve the effectiveness of health campaigns in prison settings. Special attention should be given to correctional officers.
{"title":"COVID-19 Fears and Preventive Behaviors among Prison Staff","authors":"Leonel da Cunha Gonçalves, S. Baggio, N. Schnyder, M. Zaballa, H. Baysson, I. Guessous, A. Rossegger, J. Endrass, H. Wolff, S. Stringhini, L. Gétaz","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2041518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2041518","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study focused on COVID-19 preventive behaviors and fears among prison staff members after the first wave of the pandemic. Cross-sectional data from 171 participants were collected in Switzerland. The level of fears (58.5%) and protective behaviors (100%) were high. Correctional officers adhered less to preventive measures than other staff members (p = .001). Fears were related to a reduction of social contacts (p = .006) and worries about physical health was related to preventive behaviors in general (p = .006). There is a need to raise prison staff awareness regarding their vulnerability to the SARS-CoV-2 in order to improve the effectiveness of health campaigns in prison settings. Special attention should be given to correctional officers.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"673 - 690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47839117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2022.2045659
I. Nooraini, Taufik Mohammad
ABSTRACT Offenders who return to the community need social support to prevent recidivism, which has been challenging, necessitating a formal program (i.e., befrienders programs) where volunteers “befriend” these offenders as a way to provide social capital. However, the challenge to the recruitment to these programs is the question if just anyone could be a befriender for these offenders. This study explores the willingness of individuals to befriend an offender, along with their previous experience of exposure to a friend with a criminal background, which will provide insights for the recruitment purpose. This mixed-design study explored if 180 university students had a friend with an offender-status and their willingness to befriend other offenders along with their explanation. Chi-square tests of independence showed that having a friend with an offender-status has a relationship with the participants’ willingness to befriend other offenders, while there is no gender difference in their willingness. Content analysis showed various motivations for willingness that point to the general aspect of humanity and empathy of the participants, although prior contacts with an offender may impact getting to know other offenders. The study argues that recruitment process for the befriending program can be done through assessing prior contact with an offender.
{"title":"Friends as Social Capital: A Preliminary Analysis of Previous Experience with – and Current Willingness to Befriend – Offenders in Malaysia","authors":"I. Nooraini, Taufik Mohammad","doi":"10.1080/15564886.2022.2045659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2045659","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Offenders who return to the community need social support to prevent recidivism, which has been challenging, necessitating a formal program (i.e., befrienders programs) where volunteers “befriend” these offenders as a way to provide social capital. However, the challenge to the recruitment to these programs is the question if just anyone could be a befriender for these offenders. This study explores the willingness of individuals to befriend an offender, along with their previous experience of exposure to a friend with a criminal background, which will provide insights for the recruitment purpose. This mixed-design study explored if 180 university students had a friend with an offender-status and their willingness to befriend other offenders along with their explanation. Chi-square tests of independence showed that having a friend with an offender-status has a relationship with the participants’ willingness to befriend other offenders, while there is no gender difference in their willingness. Content analysis showed various motivations for willingness that point to the general aspect of humanity and empathy of the participants, although prior contacts with an offender may impact getting to know other offenders. The study argues that recruitment process for the befriending program can be done through assessing prior contact with an offender.","PeriodicalId":47085,"journal":{"name":"Victims & Offenders","volume":"18 1","pages":"744 - 764"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42487713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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