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Somewhere downstairs: Re-animating a departmental geography collection 楼下某处让地理系藏书重新焕发生机
IF 1 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.05.003
David Matless

This paper discusses the re-animation of a geography departmental collection through a study of the archives and map collection of the School of Geography, University of Nottingham. The discussion is situated within parallel examples of work on geographical archives and map collections, and wider debates on engagement with archival sources. The paper considers how a previously dormant collection has been re-animated in recent years, conveys the range of source material involved, and discusses the possibilities of digitisation. The paper thereby raises questions which could be asked of the holdings of any academic department, from whatever time period.

本文通过对诺丁汉大学地理学院档案和地图藏品的研究,讨论了地理系藏品的重获新生问题。本文的讨论与地理档案和地图藏品方面的研究并行不悖,也与关于如何利用档案资料的广泛讨论相吻合。论文探讨了一个以前沉睡的藏品近年来是如何重新焕发生机的,介绍了相关原始资料的范围,并讨论了数字化的可能性。本文由此提出了一些问题,这些问题可以针对任何时期任何学术部门的藏品提出。
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引用次数: 0
Obituary: Yehoshua Ben-Arieh, 1928–2023 讣告叶霍舒亚-本-阿里(Yehoshua Ben-Arieh),1928-2023 年
IF 1 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.05.002
Rehav (Buni) Rubin
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引用次数: 0
Reexamining reclamation: A comparative analysis of agricultural transformation in nineteenth century Sweden 重新审视开垦:十九世纪瑞典农业转型的比较分析
IF 1 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.05.001
Oscar Jacobsson

Wetland reclamation was an intrinsic part of nineteenth-century global agricultural transformations. In Swedish research, reclamation has mainly been situated in larger general processes of population rise, commercialization and societal/technological development. The intersection of reclamation, physical environments and local economies has seldom been studied in detail. This paper conducts a local analysis of nineteenth-century wetland reclamation in two parishes in Sweden, Knätte and Mörlunda, through combining a study of specific reclamation processes with an analysis of local agrarian-economic development. The results show that these processes varied depending on specific historical-geographical circumstances. In Knätte, reclamation was not primarily related to population rise, but to increasing commercialization during the period. The case in Mörlunda instead shows how reclamation was first a response to increasing population but later developed into a project of agricultural market adaptation. In both cases, the physical environment led to varying degrees of geographic constraint in the process. In combination, these results point to the importance of detailed case studies in nuancing our understanding of nineteenth-century wetland reclamation both in Sweden and internationally.

湿地开垦是十九世纪全球农业变革的内在组成部分。在瑞典的研究中,开垦主要被置于人口增长、商业化和社会/技术发展等更大的总体进程中。很少有人对开垦、自然环境和地方经济之间的交集进行详细研究。本文通过将对具体开垦过程的研究与对当地农业经济发展的分析相结合,对瑞典 Knätte 和 Mörlunda 两个教区十九世纪的湿地开垦进行了地方分析。研究结果表明,这些过程因特定的历史地理环境而异。在克奈特,开垦主要与人口增长无关,而是与这一时期日益增长的商业化有关。相反,莫伦达的案例表明,开垦最初是为了应对人口增长,但后来却发展成为一个适应农业市场的项目。在这两个案例中,自然环境在这一过程中都造成了不同程度的地理限制。综合来看,这些结果表明,详细的案例研究对于加深我们对 19 世纪瑞典和国际湿地开垦的理解非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Landed estates and the place of public houses: Agricultural and industrial change in the English East Midlands, c.1860–1930 土地庄园与公共房屋的地位:英国东米德兰地区的农业和工业变革,约 1860-1930 年
IF 1 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.03.012
David Beckingham

This article uses the records the Manvers and Portland estates in Nottinghamshire and north-east Derbyshire to consider the provision and management of licensed premises between the 1860s and 1930s. Using archival materials of land agents and solicitors, it examines the changing place of public houses in a range of local communities affected by agricultural decline and industrial change in the region. These include: small agricultural villages on the Manvers estate, where pubs were let with farmland; and, on the Portland estate, urbanising settlements and new colliery villages constructed in rural locations. The pub is presented as a place to see how agents balanced older social relations and responsibilities with the broader economic and social geographies remaking the region. The sale of estate pubs offers important insights into the process by which regional breweries assembled their own pub holdings, the legacy of which shaped the geography of drink well into the twentieth century.

本文利用诺丁汉郡和德比郡东北部曼弗斯庄园和波特兰庄园的记录,研究了 19 世纪 60 年代至 20 世纪 30 年代期间特许经营场所的提供和管理情况。文章利用土地经纪人和律师的档案资料,研究了受该地区农业衰退和工业变革影响的一系列当地社区中公共房屋不断变化的地位。这些社区包括:曼弗斯庄园的小型农业村落,酒馆与农田一起出租;波特兰庄园的城市化定居点和在农村地区建造的新煤矿村落。通过酒馆可以了解代理商如何平衡旧有的社会关系和责任,以及该地区更广泛的经济和社会地理环境。庄园酒馆的出售为了解地区酿酒厂组建自己的酒馆的过程提供了重要的视角,这些酒馆的遗产一直影响到 20 世纪的饮酒地理。
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引用次数: 0
IF 1 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.04.006
John R. Gold
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引用次数: 0
German colonial geography as a racial-Völkish reordering project beyond the East. 德国殖民地理学是超越东方的种族-沃尔克式重新排序项目。
IF 1 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.04.007
Gerhard Rainer

There is very little research on German colonial geography in general, and the boom in this subdiscipline during the National Socialist period has not received any scholarly attention so far. Against that backdrop, this paper aims to contribute: a) to a finer-grained picture of colonial, racial-Völkish thinking – and its application – in German geography during the National Socialist period and b) to our understanding of the continuities and ruptures in German geographical scholarship after WWII. To that end, I focus on the biography of Oskar Schmieder (1891–1980). Two interrelated aspects of Schmieder's writings will guide the analysis: first, his conceptualization of race, Volk, and soil regarding (Germans in) South America and, secondly, the political colonial project that he pursued for Nazi Germany. Studying Oskar Schmieder shows that German geographers not only stood up for the re-establishment of a German colonial empire during the National Socialist period, but also fought for its Fascist orientation – which, at least for Schmieder, was to differ from the German colonial pre-1914 empire. Being primarily known as a representative of Länderkunde, Schmieder's institutionally and conceptually influential career after 1945 can be seen as a prime example of the continuities within the discipline in Germany.

关于德国殖民地理学的研究总体上非常少,而这一分支学科在国家社会主义时期的蓬勃发展至今尚未得到任何学术关注。在此背景下,本文旨在:a) 更细致地描绘国家社会主义时期德国地理学中的殖民、种族-沃尔克思想及其应用;b) 帮助我们理解二战后德国地理学术的连续性和断裂。为此,我将重点关注奥斯卡-施密德(1891-1980 年)的传记。我将从施密德著作中两个相互关联的方面进行分析:第一,他对(南美)德国人的种族、人民和土壤的概念化;第二,他为纳粹德国追求的政治殖民计划。对奥斯卡-施密德的研究表明,德国地理学家不仅支持在国家社会主义时期重建德意志殖民帝国,而且还为其法西斯取向而斗争--至少对施密德来说,这与 1914 年前的德意志殖民帝国是不同的。施密德主要作为联邦德国学的代表人物而闻名,他在 1945 年后的职业生涯在制度和概念上都具有影响力,可被视为该学科在德国的延续性的一个典型例子。
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引用次数: 0
An axis, not a line of division: Cooperative planning and development on the U.S.-Mexico border, 1960s 轴线,而非分界线:20 世纪 60 年代美墨边境的合作规划与发展
IF 1 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.03.001
Joshua Savala

The article looks at the conversations and ideas exchanged between US and Mexican architects and planners in the early 1960s and their vision of redesigning the borderlands. Through a reading of Robert Evans Alexander's archival material (donated to Cornell University) and primary source material written by Guillermo Rossell, I argue that broader ideas of spatial justice influenced their conceptions of design. Moreover, Rossell brought to the table the idea that the border was a region and thus required a binational, regional design. The binational commission on planning developed in the midst of the Cold War and this was an element in their minds. And a part of this conversation, especially on the part of Mexican architects and planners, was development. Yet it was development through tourism, not industry. The article should be of interest to scholars working on the border, architecture and planning, development, tourism, and collaborative planning.

文章探讨了 20 世纪 60 年代初美国和墨西哥建筑师和规划师之间的对话和思想交流,以及他们对重新设计边境地区的愿景。通过阅读罗伯特-埃文斯-亚历山大(Robert Evans Alexander)的档案资料(捐赠给康奈尔大学)和吉列尔莫-罗塞尔(Guillermo Rossell)撰写的原始资料,我认为更广泛的空间正义思想影响了他们的设计理念。此外,罗塞尔还提出了边界是一个区域的观点,因此需要两国的、区域性的设计。两国规划委员会是在冷战时期成立的,这也是他们心中的一个因素。特别是在墨西哥建筑师和规划师看来,对话的一部分就是发展。但这是通过旅游业而非工业实现的发展。研究边境、建筑与规划、发展、旅游和合作规划的学者应该会对这篇文章感兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping a French department in the northeastern Amazonia. The 1947 Oyapock mission in a context of decolonization 绘制亚马孙东北部法国省地图。非殖民化背景下的 1947 年奥亚波克考察团
IF 1 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.03.002
Victor Campolo

This article delves into the interplay between the political, social, and cultural context and the material conditions of governing a cartographic mission within a French territory in the northeastern Amazon. It brings to the fore the collaborative endeavors involving a spectrum of stakeholders, ranging from local knowledge to various institutions, financial and technical resources, and human and logistical support. This research aims to offer an understanding of the cartographic mission during the period of departmentalization, with a specific focus on the situated and context-specific nature of knowledge production. By scrutinizing the fieldwork and the distinct labor regimes of local members of the mission in AEF and French Guiana, along with investigating the intra-imperial circulation of epistemic practices, it examines the colonial integration of cartographers through their trajectories. In a broader context, the article underscores the pivotal role played by geographical knowledge, enriching the landscape of research on the history of cartography during the transformation of the French colonial empire. Employing an approach encompassing material and social dimensions, this study shows the intricacies inherent in colonial cartography and illuminates its implications in the post-World War II era. In doing so, it unlocks fresh avenues for comprehending the geographical and colonial dynamics that characterize this period.

本文深入探讨了政治、社会和文化背景与在亚马逊东北部法属领地管理制图任务的物质条件之间的相互作用。文章突出了涉及各方面利益相关者的合作努力,包括当地知识、各种机构、财政和技术资源以及人力和后勤支持。本研究旨在了解部门化时期的制图任务,特别关注知识生产的情景和特定背景性质。通过仔细研究制图团当地成员在 AEF 和法属圭亚那的实地工作和不同的劳动制度,以及调查帝国内部的知识实践循环,文章通过制图师的工作轨迹研究了制图师的殖民融合。在更广泛的背景下,文章强调了地理知识所发挥的关键作用,丰富了法国殖民帝国转型期间制图史研究的内容。本研究采用一种涵盖物质和社会层面的方法,展示了殖民地制图的内在复杂性,并阐明了其在二战后时代的影响。在此过程中,它为理解这一时期的地理和殖民动态开辟了新的途径。
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引用次数: 0
The atlas of local jurisdictions of Ancien Régime France 旧政体时期法国地方辖区地图集
IF 1 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.03.008
Victor Gay , Paula E. Gobbi , Marc Goñi

This article describes the construction and content of an atlas of local jurisdictions of Ancien Régime France: bailliages. Bailliages were at the center of the Ancien Régime's jurisdictional apparatus: they administered the ordinary royal justice, delineated the area of influence of heterogeneous customary laws, and served as electoral constituencies for the Estates General of 1614 and 1789. Yet, their territorial extent was relatively unknown to the royal authority, leading early scholars to assert the impossibility of mapping the geography of bailliages. Based on Armand Brette's Atlas des bailliages et juridictions assimilées published in 1904, we develop a historical geographic information system containing shapefiles and associated data files of bailliage courts at the time of the convocation of the Estates General of 1789. This new source has many potential applications, including mapping the different legal systems that coexisted in France, such as Roman law in pays de droit écrit and customary law in pays de droit coutumier, and studying elections to the Estates General of 1789.

这篇文章介绍了旧法国地方辖区地图集:bailliages 的构建和内容。市镇是旧政体司法机构的中心:它们负责管理普通的皇家司法,划定各种习惯法的影响范围,并充当 1614 年和 1789 年议会的选区。然而,皇家当局对它们的领土范围并不了解,因此早期的学者断言不可能绘制baillia的地理图。基于阿尔芒-布雷特 (Armand Brette) 1904 年出版的《保释法院和同类法院地图集》,我们开发了一个历史地理信息系统,其中包含 1789 年议会召开时保释法院的形状文件和相关数据文件。这一新的资料来源有许多潜在的应用,包括绘制在法国并存的不同法律体系的地图,如在文法国家的罗马法和在商法国家的习惯法,以及研究 1789 年的议会选举。
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引用次数: 0
Negotiating Danish identity with(in) Copenhagen's postcolonial landscape of commemoration 在哥本哈根的后殖民纪念景观中商讨丹麦人的身份问题
IF 1 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.04.004
Doron Eldar

The paper investigates changes to Copenhagen's landscape of commemoration concerning its former colony, the Danish West Indies (DWI), prompted by the 2017 centennial anniversary of the Islands' sale to the US. It argues that Denmark, like other European nations, navigates a postcolonial identity crisis and that the landscape of commemoration plays a significant role within it. The paper advances our understanding of postcolonial Europe's identity crisis not only by shedding light on the under-explored case of Denmark, but also by emphasizing the role of the landscape of commemoration in this crisis. In addition to demonstrating how landscapes function as ‘arenas’ for negotiating expressions of hegemonic identity and territorial claims, it argues that the commemorative landscape is pivotal in tackling the construction of ‘Europe’ as a detached, self-made entity rather than a space (re)produced through connections with other (ed) places and people. It underscores that Europe's allegedly monochromatic historical fabric is woven from diverse global threads. Re-membering Europe with the people and regions vital to its (re)production re-writes them into European history and re-locates detached Europe (with)in the world.

本文调查了哥本哈根有关其前殖民地丹麦西印度群岛(DWI)的纪念景观的变化,这些变化是由 2017 年该群岛被出售给美国一百周年所引发的。本文认为,丹麦与其他欧洲国家一样,正在经历一场后殖民身份危机,而纪念活动在其中发挥着重要作用。本文不仅揭示了未被充分探讨的丹麦案例,还强调了纪念景观在这场危机中的作用,从而加深了我们对后殖民地时期欧洲身份危机的理解。除了展示景观是如何作为 "舞台 "来协商霸权身份和领土诉求的表达方式的,该书还认为,纪念性景观在解决将 "欧洲 "构建为一个独立的、自制的实体,而不是通过与其他(已被)地方和人民的联系(重新)创造的空间方面起着关键作用。它强调了欧洲所谓的单色历史结构是由全球不同的线编织而成的。将欧洲与对(再)创造欧洲至关重要的人民和地区重新联系在一起,将他们重新写入欧洲历史,并将脱离的欧洲重新(与)定位在世界上。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Historical Geography
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