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The (minority) stress of hiding: the effects of LGBT identities and social support on aging adults’ concern about housing 隐藏的(少数)压力:LGBT身份和社会支持对老年人住房问题的影响
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.2010627
B. Savage, M. Barringer
Abstract The lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender (LGBT) aging adult population is increasing rapidly in the United States. The literature reveals three shortcomings regarding research into the experiences of LGBT aging adults: (1) their needs have been largely overlooked, (2) there are few large-scale quantitative studies of this population, and (3) LGBT older adults are often treated as a monolith despite the potential for significant variations between subgroups under the umbrella. The current study addresses these issues by utilizing data from a nationwide AARP 2018 survey to study a central concern of LGBT aging adults: housing. Specifically, drawing upon the conceptual framework of minority stress, we examine how the LGBT identity of older people affects how concerned they are about having to hide their identity in order to find suitable housing as they age. Findings reveal (1) significant variations in the degree of worry among segments of the aging LGBT population, and (2) ameliorating factors such as social support may decrease the degree to which they worry about hiding their identity to access housing. These results may have implications for policies and practices aimed at increasing the community resilience available to support LGBT adults as they age.
摘要在美国,女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和/或变性人(LGBT)的老龄化成年人口正在迅速增加。文献揭示了对LGBT老年人经历的研究存在三个不足:(1)他们的需求在很大程度上被忽视,(2)很少对这一人群进行大规模的定量研究,(3)尽管在保护伞下的亚组之间可能存在显著差异,但LGBT老年成年人往往被视为一个整体。目前的研究利用美国退休人员协会2018年的一项全国性调查数据来研究LGBT老年人的一个核心问题:住房,从而解决了这些问题。具体来说,根据少数群体压力的概念框架,我们研究了老年人的LGBT身份如何影响他们对随着年龄的增长而不得不隐藏自己的身份以寻找合适住房的担忧。研究结果显示:(1)老龄化LGBT人群的担忧程度存在显著差异,(2)社会支持等改善因素可能会降低他们对隐瞒身份以获得住房的担忧程度。这些结果可能会对旨在提高社区弹性的政策和实践产生影响,以支持成年LGBT人群。
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引用次数: 8
Immigration control and the white working class: explaining state-level laws in the US, 2005–2017 移民管制与白人工人阶级:解释美国2005年至2017年的州级法律
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.2004272
Saran Ghatak, Vincent Ferraro
Abstract Immigration control has emerged as a fiery partisan issue in American politics as evidenced by the controversies over policies of the Trump administration over the last four years. While legislative reform remains deadlocked at the federal level, a number of states have passed laws with reference to immigrants—documented or otherwise—within their boundaries. This study draws upon group threat theory to identify the factors affecting restrictive immigration laws at the state-level. Using cross-sectional time-series state-level data from 2005-2017, this study expands upon existing research in several important ways, including by investigating the effect of the non-Hispanic white working class. Results indicate that the passage of restrictive immigration legislation over the period of study was driven by increases in state-level inequality and increases in the size of the low-skilled white population. Implications for group threat theory are discussed.
摘要移民控制已成为美国政治中一个激烈的党派问题,特朗普政府过去四年的政策争议就是明证。尽管联邦层面的立法改革仍然陷入僵局,但一些州已经通过了涉及其境内移民的法律,无论是有记录的还是其他形式的。本研究利用群体威胁理论来确定影响国家级限制性移民法的因素。本研究使用2005-2017年的横断面时间序列州级数据,在几个重要方面扩展了现有研究,包括调查非西班牙裔白人工人阶级的影响。结果表明,在研究期间,限制性移民立法的通过是由州级不平等加剧和低技能白人人口规模增加推动的。讨论了群体威胁理论的启示。
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引用次数: 1
Expert knowledge or emotional connection? Examining clients’ expectations for highly-skilled professional care 专业知识还是情感联系?检查客户对高技能专业护理的期望
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.1945514
Adilia E. E. James
Abstract Current research suggests that clients devalue semi-skilled care workers’ substantive knowledge and compel these workers to provide emotional intimacy. I refer to this characterization of care workers’ expertise and labor as from the heart knowledge and care. In this study, I evaluate if clients expect highly-skilled care workers with professional degrees to provide from the heart knowledge and care, too. I conducted qualitative interviews to examine clients’ expectations for their relationships with care professionals. While other studies suggest that clients devalue emotional intimacy cultivated by workers who they perceive as having few work skills, the clients in my study valued—and often rewarded—emotional intimacy cultivated by workers who they perceived as highly-skilled. I explore the limits of Zelizer’s conceptualization of the “connected lives” approach by highlighting the link between status and worker-client relationships.
摘要当前的研究表明,客户贬低了半熟练护理人员的实质知识,并迫使这些护理人员提供情感亲密。我将护理人员的专业知识和劳动描述为发自内心的知识和护理。在这项研究中,我评估了客户是否希望拥有专业学位的高技能护理人员也能提供发自内心的知识和护理。我进行了定性访谈,以检查客户对他们与护理专业人员关系的期望。虽然其他研究表明,客户贬低了他们认为几乎没有工作技能的员工培养的情感亲密感,但我研究中的客户重视并经常奖励他们认为技能高超的员工培养出的情感亲密。我通过强调地位和员工-客户关系之间的联系,探讨了泽利泽对“互联生活”方法概念化的局限性。
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引用次数: 0
What can influence a county’s resilience and susceptibility to coronavirus in Nebraska? 什么会影响内布拉斯加州一个县对冠状病毒的抵抗力和易感性?
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.1926378
Hui-Peng Liew
Abstract This study sought to classify and assign the 93 counties in Nebraska into distinctive spatial-temporal clusters based on their trends in the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths. A secondary goal of this study was to assess the potential role of preexisting sociodemographic, environmental, and health conditions in determining the county’s resilience and susceptibility to 2019-nCov. Spatial-temporal cluster analysis yielded three distinct confirmed cases and death clusters. Results from spatial-temporal cluster and regression analyses suggested that COVID-19 and HIV and obesity prevention should be integrated. Emergency response planning and mitigation should focus on counties characterized by noticeable increases in the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths and/or counties with relatively high population and ethnic minorities.
摘要本研究试图根据新冠肺炎确诊病例和死亡人数的趋势,将内布拉斯加州的93个县划分为不同的时空集群。这项研究的第二个目标是评估先前存在的社会人口、环境和健康状况在确定该县对2019冠状病毒病的恢复力和易感性方面的潜在作用。时空聚类分析产生了三个不同的确诊病例和死亡聚类。时空聚类和回归分析结果表明,应将新冠肺炎与艾滋病毒和肥胖预防结合起来。应急响应规划和缓解应重点关注新冠肺炎确诊病例和死亡人数显著增加的县和/或人口和少数民族相对较多的县。
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引用次数: 0
Pandemic emotions: the extent, correlates, and mental health consequences of fear of COVID-19 大流行情绪:对COVID-19的恐惧程度、相关性和心理健康后果
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.1926380
Melissa M. Sloan, Murat Haner, Amanda Graham, F. Cullen, Justin T. Pickett, C. Jonson
Abstract COVID-19 has had unprecedented effects on populations around the world. Given the political context of the pandemic and the nation’s response to it, this study sought to assess the extent of Americans’ personal fear about the virus as well as their fear for others (altruistic fear), identify potential predictors of these fears, and examine the mental health impact of heightened COVID-19 fears. Overall, a majority of respondents worried about various aspects of the virus, from being exposed to dying, and reported often worrying about others, including family, the elderly, and healthcare professionals. Building on the fear of crime literature, we find that certain individuals, including those who believe they are at a high risk of dying from the virus, non-Whites, and those who closely follow news coverage of the pandemic, are likely to experience elevated fear and, possibly, its consequences.
COVID-19对全球人口产生了前所未有的影响。鉴于大流行的政治背景和国家对它的反应,本研究试图评估美国人对病毒的个人恐惧程度以及他们对他人的恐惧(利他主义恐惧),确定这些恐惧的潜在预测因素,并研究COVID-19恐惧加剧对心理健康的影响。总体而言,大多数受访者担心病毒的各个方面,从接触到死亡,并报告经常担心其他人,包括家人、老人和医疗保健专业人员。在对犯罪的恐惧文献的基础上,我们发现某些人,包括那些认为自己死于病毒的风险很高的人、非白人以及密切关注疫情新闻报道的人,可能会感到恐惧加剧,并可能感受到其后果。
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引用次数: 29
The work–life management strategies of indoor female sex workers in Poland 波兰室内女性性工作者的工作-生活管理策略
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-11 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.1960658
I. Ślęzak
Abstract The purpose of the article is to analyze the strategies deployed by female sex workers in Poland when navigating the areas of work and life. The article draws on unstructured interviews, analyzed using the procedures of grounded theory methodology. I approach the provision of sexual services (as the participants of the study do) as stigma-burdened, non-regulated work that may offer an opportunity to establish a work–life balance. In practice, this enterprise is jeopardized by a number of factors within the legal, social, and organizational frames of sex work. I discern several work-life management strategies depending on what realm, work or life, is prioritized by sex workers as well as whether they choose to segment or integrate these realms. Much as establishing strong boundaries between the domains of work and life is the predominant strategy, some sex workers strive to make these boundaries permeable or remove them altogether. The strategies practiced are also informed by the sex workers’ life and occupational conditions as well as the experience or anticipation of social stigma.
摘要本文的目的是分析波兰女性性工作者在工作和生活领域的策略。文章借鉴非结构化访谈的方法,运用扎根理论方法论的程序进行分析。我认为提供性服务(就像研究参与者所做的那样)是一项背负耻辱、不受监管的工作,可能会提供建立工作与生活平衡的机会。在实践中,这家企业受到性工作的法律、社会和组织框架内的许多因素的危害。我发现了几种工作生活管理策略,这取决于性工作者优先考虑的领域,工作或生活,以及他们是否选择细分或整合这些领域。尽管在工作和生活领域之间建立强有力的界限是主要策略,但一些性工作者努力使这些界限变得可渗透或完全消除。性工作者的生活和职业条件以及对社会污名的经历或预期也为所采取的策略提供了信息。
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引用次数: 0
The implications of gender, socioeconomic statuses, and healthy behaviors for teenagers’ subjective health 性别、社会经济地位和健康行为对青少年主观健康的影响
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-09 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.1946453
Holly Heffer, C. Knoester
Abstract This study uses data from a large urban birth cohort in the U.S. (N = 3,011) to examine how, and to what extent, gender, socioeconomic statuses (SES), and healthy behaviors (i.e., sleep quality, healthy eating, and physical activities) shape teenagers’ subjective health. Regression analyses are used to first analyze the extent to which gender and SES predict teenagers’ subjective health, then to assess the extent to which gender and SES predict teenagers’ healthy behaviors, and finally to consider the extent to which healthy behaviors mediate relationships between subjective health and both gender and SES. The results reveal that the associations between subjective health and both gender and SES are partially the result of indirect associations through healthy behaviors. In addition, the frequencies to which adolescents engage in vigorous physical activity, eat fruits and vegetables, and have problems sleeping appear to be particularly important to teenagers’ subjective health. This research should help encourage discussion about health promoting strategies, with particular relevance for the subjective health of young girls and those with lower SES.
摘要本研究使用了来自美国一个大型城市出生队列的数据(N = 3011)来研究性别、社会经济地位(SES)和健康行为(即睡眠质量、健康饮食和体育活动)如何以及在多大程度上影响青少年的主观健康。回归分析首先分析了性别和社会经济地位对青少年主观健康的预测程度,然后评估了性别和经济社会地位对青少年健康行为的预测程度;最后考虑了健康行为在多大程度上介导了主观健康与性别和社会经济地位之间的关系。结果表明,主观健康与性别和社会经济地位之间的关联部分是通过健康行为间接关联的结果。此外,青少年进行剧烈体育活动、吃水果和蔬菜以及睡眠问题的频率似乎对青少年的主观健康特别重要。这项研究应有助于鼓励讨论促进健康的战略,特别是与年轻女孩和社会经济地位较低的女孩的主观健康有关。
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引用次数: 1
Left, right, Black, and White: how White college students talk about their inter- and intra- racial swiping preferences on Tinder 左、右、黑人和白人:白人大学生如何在Tinder上谈论他们的种族间和种族内刷单偏好
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.1916663
Alana Peck, D. Berkowitz, Justine E. Tinkler
Abstract Previous studies reveal that Black women are the least likely to be selected or matched on dating/hookup apps, followed closely behind by Black men. Our study seeks to better understand how, when asked to confront their preferences, white heterosexual college-aged students justify their racial tastes on the popular dating app, Tinder. Drawing on data from 137 peer-to-peer interviews with students at two large universities in the southeastern United States, our findings reveal that heterosexual white interviewees justified their reasons for swiping left (i.e. rejecting) on Black potential matches in multiple ways. Where a small handful responded using overtly racist language, the overwhelming majority embedded their responses in colorblind racist rhetoric that drew upon language couched in cultural incompatibility, relied on stereotypes and generalizations that often conflated race with social class, and attributed their racial preferences to family values and regional demographic restrictions. Situating our findings within the “white racial frame” and sociological scholarship on new racism, we argue that white respondents’ evasion of honest racial language in their responses perpetuates ideologies of colorblind racism. Additionally, our findings contribute to how sexual and colorblind racism is reinvented and perpetuated in online spaces through the dissemination of neoliberal discourses around personal preference that both disguise and normalize racism in internet dating. We discuss the implications of our findings for sociological research on race, gender, and intimate marketplaces.
摘要先前的研究表明,黑人女性在约会/勾搭应用程序上被选中或匹配的可能性最小,紧随其后的是黑人男性。我们的研究试图更好地了解,当被要求面对自己的偏好时,白人异性恋大学生是如何在流行的约会应用Tinder上证明自己的种族品味的。根据美国东南部两所大型大学137名学生的对等访谈数据,我们的研究结果显示,异性恋白人受访者以多种方式证明了他们在黑人潜在匹配中左倾(即拒绝)的理由。在少数人使用公开的种族主义语言回应的情况下,绝大多数人将他们的回应嵌入了色盲种族主义言论中,这些言论利用了文化不相容的语言,依赖于经常将种族与社会阶级混为一谈的刻板印象和概括,并将他们的种族偏好归因于家庭价值观和地区人口限制。将我们的发现置于“白人种族框架”和关于新种族主义的社会学学术中,我们认为白人受访者在回应中回避诚实的种族语言,使色盲种族主义的意识形态永久化。此外,我们的研究结果有助于通过传播围绕个人偏好的新自由主义话语,在网络约会中掩饰和规范种族主义,从而在网络空间中重塑和延续性种族主义和色盲种族主义。我们讨论了我们的发现对种族、性别和亲密市场的社会学研究的影响。
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引用次数: 9
Effects of nonresponse and coverage problems on survey estimates of physical activity 无应答和覆盖问题对体力活动调查估计的影响
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.1926379
P. Brenner
Abstract To what extent do survey nonresponse and coverage problems bias estimates of physical activity? Research has focused on social desirability as a cause of observed bias but there are relatively few studies of nonresponse and coverage. I analyze data from a survey designed to allow estimation of nonresponse bias using a two-phase sampling design that resamples nonrespondents from an initial wave of telephone and IVR (interactive voice response) interviewing for follow-up face-to-face interviews. Both initial and nonresponse interview waves included measures of physical activity frequency and duration. Estimates are compared between first-round respondents and those from follow-up interviews of nonrespondents, accounting for mode and other design elements. Telephone, but not IVR, interviews were found to include bias from two sources. Findings suggest that coverage is a cause of bias in the measure of frequency of physical activity but nonresponse may bias the measure of physical activity duration.
调查无反应和覆盖问题在多大程度上对体育活动的估计存在偏差?研究集中在社会期望作为观察到的偏见的原因,但相对较少的研究无反应和覆盖。我分析了一项调查的数据,该调查旨在使用两阶段抽样设计来估计无反应偏差,该抽样设计从最初的电话和IVR(交互式语音应答)访谈中重新抽取非受访者进行后续面对面访谈。初始和无反应访谈波都包括身体活动频率和持续时间的测量。在考虑模式和其他设计元素的情况下,对第一轮受访者和后续访谈中未受访者的估计进行比较。电话访谈,而非IVR访谈,被发现包含来自两个来源的偏见。研究结果表明,覆盖率是测量身体活动频率偏差的一个原因,但无反应可能导致测量身体活动持续时间偏差。
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引用次数: 0
Brotherhood and sexism as manhood acts for trans men in the Southeastern United States 美国东南部跨性别男性的兄弟情谊和性别歧视行为
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.1919578
Megan Y. Phillips, Baker A. Rogers
Abstract While several studies have explored manhood acts and compensatory manhood acts in cisgender men, few have examined them in the trans community. This research fills gaps in the literature by examining an understudied population in the Southeastern United States, an area of the country where queer lives are often ignored. Additionally, it allows for the continued separation of masculinities from only those bodies assigned male at birth. Using 51 interviews with trans men, we examine the experiences of trans men in the South and the manhood acts they employ to enhance their claims to masculinities and to compensate for their presumed lack of biological maleness. By becoming a member of a brotherhood and participating in sexism, some of the participants in this study are able to bolster their claims to manhood.
摘要虽然一些研究探讨了顺性别男性的成年行为和补偿性成年行为,但很少有研究在跨性别群体中对其进行研究。这项研究通过调查美国东南部一个研究不足的人口来填补文献空白,在这个地区,酷儿的生活经常被忽视。此外,它允许男性气质与出生时被指定为男性的身体继续分离。通过对跨性别男性的51次采访,我们研究了南方跨性别男性在男性化方面的经历,以及他们为增强自己的男性气质和弥补生理上缺乏男性气质而采取的男性行为。通过成为兄弟会的一员并参与性别歧视,这项研究的一些参与者能够支持他们的男子气概。
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引用次数: 6
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Sociological Spectrum
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