Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.1887022
Patricia E. Tweet, J. Pardee
Abstract The redevelopment of urban spaces by hospitals and universities, often aided by the public sector, has been heralded by academic researchers and policy-makers as a public good, especially in deindustrializing cities. Expansion of such service institutions is claimed to boost the local economy and stabilize depopulating neighborhoods in the urban core. As hospitals affiliated with universities expand, they trigger broader consolidation across the entire health care sector, intensifying the acquisition of independent hospitals. Examining hospitals within their health care systems in Rochester, New York, we introduce two new concepts, “medical gentrification” and “medical transposition,” to capture the changes underway. As a mid-sized city, in Rochester it is possible to see how organizations intersect across the entire landscape. We argue that in some neighborhoods change is connected to the distinct characteristics of health care system restructuring. We explore differences in resident mobilization to confront health care-related redevelopment of the spaces they occupy and use, and analyze their meaning and significance.
{"title":"Medical gentrification and transposition: health care systems as urban redevelopers","authors":"Patricia E. Tweet, J. Pardee","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2021.1887022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2021.1887022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The redevelopment of urban spaces by hospitals and universities, often aided by the public sector, has been heralded by academic researchers and policy-makers as a public good, especially in deindustrializing cities. Expansion of such service institutions is claimed to boost the local economy and stabilize depopulating neighborhoods in the urban core. As hospitals affiliated with universities expand, they trigger broader consolidation across the entire health care sector, intensifying the acquisition of independent hospitals. Examining hospitals within their health care systems in Rochester, New York, we introduce two new concepts, “medical gentrification” and “medical transposition,” to capture the changes underway. As a mid-sized city, in Rochester it is possible to see how organizations intersect across the entire landscape. We argue that in some neighborhoods change is connected to the distinct characteristics of health care system restructuring. We explore differences in resident mobilization to confront health care-related redevelopment of the spaces they occupy and use, and analyze their meaning and significance.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"41 1","pages":"229 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2021.1887022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47484829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.1893239
M. Lynch, L. Genco
Abstract Green criminology has stimulated criminological examinations of crimes against wildlife, discussions of nonhuman animals as victims of crime, and expanded conceptualization of animal rights. In recent years, increased attention has been directed toward studies of wildlife crimes, which have primarily been restricted to studying crimes against animals that occur through animal trafficking and poaching. At the same time, empirical studies of the social control of animal crimes, especially against nonwildlife animals, have been neglected. As a result, empirical knowledge concerning how nonwildlife animal laws are enforced and the extent to which they are enforced is lacking. The present study addresses that gap in knowledge by examining the enforcement of two animal protection laws in the US that apply to nonwildlife animals: the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) and the Horse Protection Act (HPA). The results indicate that these laws have low enforcement rates, and that the majority of enforcement efforts involve the lowest levels of formal social control available in those statutes. Furthermore, there are relatively few fines for such violations, and when fines are meted out, they tend to be small. Quantitative and qualitative data from 3,719 cases for the years 2010–2014 were employed to assess the extent of, and how the AWA and HPA Acts were enforced in the US. The empirical evidence suggests lack of enforcement of these statutes which, as the qualitative data suggests, involves some serious harm outcomes that were accompanied by rather small penalties.
{"title":"Cruelty against Animals’ Welfare (CAAW) Violations: a Study of Animal Welfare Act and Horse Welfare Act Enforcement Actions in the US, 2010–2014","authors":"M. Lynch, L. Genco","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2021.1893239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2021.1893239","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Green criminology has stimulated criminological examinations of crimes against wildlife, discussions of nonhuman animals as victims of crime, and expanded conceptualization of animal rights. In recent years, increased attention has been directed toward studies of wildlife crimes, which have primarily been restricted to studying crimes against animals that occur through animal trafficking and poaching. At the same time, empirical studies of the social control of animal crimes, especially against nonwildlife animals, have been neglected. As a result, empirical knowledge concerning how nonwildlife animal laws are enforced and the extent to which they are enforced is lacking. The present study addresses that gap in knowledge by examining the enforcement of two animal protection laws in the US that apply to nonwildlife animals: the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) and the Horse Protection Act (HPA). The results indicate that these laws have low enforcement rates, and that the majority of enforcement efforts involve the lowest levels of formal social control available in those statutes. Furthermore, there are relatively few fines for such violations, and when fines are meted out, they tend to be small. Quantitative and qualitative data from 3,719 cases for the years 2010–2014 were employed to assess the extent of, and how the AWA and HPA Acts were enforced in the US. The empirical evidence suggests lack of enforcement of these statutes which, as the qualitative data suggests, involves some serious harm outcomes that were accompanied by rather small penalties.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"41 1","pages":"255 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2021.1893239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41739697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.1885531
Deena A. Isom, Toniqua C. Mikell, Hunter M. Boehme
Abstract While racial and political tensions have ebbed and flowed throughout American history, one thing makes the current moment distinct—the invasive presence of information through technology. Therefore, the polarization and bias of certain media outlets may exacerbate perceived differences between racial and ethnic groups, political parties, religions, and so forth, increasing tensions and the gaps between ‘us’ and ‘them.’ Using qualitative data from a study of the Alt-Right, we analyze the relationships between perceptions of social concerns, feelings of status threat, perceptions of media and technology, and affiliation with the Alt-Right among White Americans. In general, we find three primary themes regarding Alt-Right affiliation for White Americans: (1) threats to us, (2) return to the good ole days, and (3) faux news. Our findings yield valuable insight into the complex relationships between internalized and institutionalized racial hierarchies and extremist ideologies for White Americans. Implications for policy and research are discussed.
{"title":"White America, threat to the status quo, and affiliation with the alt-right: a qualitative approach","authors":"Deena A. Isom, Toniqua C. Mikell, Hunter M. Boehme","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2021.1885531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2021.1885531","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While racial and political tensions have ebbed and flowed throughout American history, one thing makes the current moment distinct—the invasive presence of information through technology. Therefore, the polarization and bias of certain media outlets may exacerbate perceived differences between racial and ethnic groups, political parties, religions, and so forth, increasing tensions and the gaps between ‘us’ and ‘them.’ Using qualitative data from a study of the Alt-Right, we analyze the relationships between perceptions of social concerns, feelings of status threat, perceptions of media and technology, and affiliation with the Alt-Right among White Americans. In general, we find three primary themes regarding Alt-Right affiliation for White Americans: (1) threats to us, (2) return to the good ole days, and (3) faux news. Our findings yield valuable insight into the complex relationships between internalized and institutionalized racial hierarchies and extremist ideologies for White Americans. Implications for policy and research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"41 1","pages":"213 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2021.1885531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48687293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.1900761
M. Moore, Mark H. Heirigs
Abstract Suicide is one of the leading causes of death globally and is increasing in many countries across the world. Gender inequality has been demonstrated to be predictive of suicide. However, scholars have argued over the direction of gender inequality’s impact on suicide. Using the gender inequality index the results indicate that as countries become more equal, the suicide rate increases for males and females. Furthermore, the findings illustrate that as female educational levels and female labor force participation increase, suicide increases. These findings provide support for the status integration theory of suicide.
{"title":"Suicide & gender inequality: a cross-national examination","authors":"M. Moore, Mark H. Heirigs","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2021.1900761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2021.1900761","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Suicide is one of the leading causes of death globally and is increasing in many countries across the world. Gender inequality has been demonstrated to be predictive of suicide. However, scholars have argued over the direction of gender inequality’s impact on suicide. Using the gender inequality index the results indicate that as countries become more equal, the suicide rate increases for males and females. Furthermore, the findings illustrate that as female educational levels and female labor force participation increase, suicide increases. These findings provide support for the status integration theory of suicide.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"41 1","pages":"273 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2021.1900761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44377490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.1900760
Joseph O. Baker, Amy E. Edmonds
Abstract We extend theories about “immigration backlash” and right-wing populism in three ways by analyzing trend data to examine the interplay between views of immigration, partisan polarization, and voting patterns in presidential elections. First, we document how immigration views became more aligned with partisan polarization between 2000 and 2018. Second, we show that immigration views were significantly more predictive of voting for Donald Trump in 2016 compared to Republican presidential candidates in the 1992 through 2012 elections. Due to increased partisan polarization, the indirect effects of immigration views on presidential voting (as mediated through political ideology and party identification) also increased over time, and were stronger in 2016 compared to previous elections. Finally, we show evidence of a post-Trump backlash on immigration views, with political independents and Democrats becoming significantly more favorable toward immigration after 2016. By 2018, the American public was more polarized over matters of immigration than at any time previous in the available data, and these views corresponded more strongly with voting patterns. These findings highlight the increasing importance of immigration for understanding partisan politics in the contemporary U.S., and reiterate the importance of anti-immigrant sentiment and partisan polarization to the success of right-wing populism in electoral democracies.
{"title":"Immigration, presidential politics, and partisan polarization among the American public, 1992–2018","authors":"Joseph O. Baker, Amy E. Edmonds","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2021.1900760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2021.1900760","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We extend theories about “immigration backlash” and right-wing populism in three ways by analyzing trend data to examine the interplay between views of immigration, partisan polarization, and voting patterns in presidential elections. First, we document how immigration views became more aligned with partisan polarization between 2000 and 2018. Second, we show that immigration views were significantly more predictive of voting for Donald Trump in 2016 compared to Republican presidential candidates in the 1992 through 2012 elections. Due to increased partisan polarization, the indirect effects of immigration views on presidential voting (as mediated through political ideology and party identification) also increased over time, and were stronger in 2016 compared to previous elections. Finally, we show evidence of a post-Trump backlash on immigration views, with political independents and Democrats becoming significantly more favorable toward immigration after 2016. By 2018, the American public was more polarized over matters of immigration than at any time previous in the available data, and these views corresponded more strongly with voting patterns. These findings highlight the increasing importance of immigration for understanding partisan politics in the contemporary U.S., and reiterate the importance of anti-immigrant sentiment and partisan polarization to the success of right-wing populism in electoral democracies.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"41 1","pages":"287 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2021.1900760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45657913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.1875089
J. Uddin, Z. Ahmmad, H. Uddin, Andrew Tatch
Abstract Early life psychosocial adversities and developmental disorders are common among children in the United States. However, there is relatively little research on how family processes and neighborhood-level factors may promote well-being among children dually burdened with developmental disorders (DD) and adverse childhood experience (ACE). Using secondary analysis of the National Survey of Children’s Health 2016–2018 (N = 56,831), we examined the associations of family resilience and other protective factors with flourishing and school engagement among subgroups of children with dual exposure to DD and ACE. Results indicate that family resilience, family meals, and mother’s mental health promote flourishing and school engagement amid varying levels of exposure to ACE and DD. Social interventions designed to improve family and neighborhood resources can protect child well-being amid multiple adversities.
{"title":"Family resilience and protective factors promote flourishing and school engagement among US children amid developmental disorder and adverse psychosocial exposure","authors":"J. Uddin, Z. Ahmmad, H. Uddin, Andrew Tatch","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2021.1875089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2021.1875089","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Early life psychosocial adversities and developmental disorders are common among children in the United States. However, there is relatively little research on how family processes and neighborhood-level factors may promote well-being among children dually burdened with developmental disorders (DD) and adverse childhood experience (ACE). Using secondary analysis of the National Survey of Children’s Health 2016–2018 (N = 56,831), we examined the associations of family resilience and other protective factors with flourishing and school engagement among subgroups of children with dual exposure to DD and ACE. Results indicate that family resilience, family meals, and mother’s mental health promote flourishing and school engagement amid varying levels of exposure to ACE and DD. Social interventions designed to improve family and neighborhood resources can protect child well-being amid multiple adversities.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"41 1","pages":"177 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2021.1875089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43568563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.1875088
Martino Comelli
Abstract This article aims to advance the theoretical understanding of how welfare affects household needs and willingness to take on debt across OECD countries. Previous sociological literature has attempted to explain indebtedness through the quantity of welfare spending, by searching for a tradeoff between the lack of welfare and the increase of household debt. Based on the “life cycle” hypothesis, according to which people take on debt when they are younger and pay it off as they age, this paper argues that divergence in household debt across countries is a function of the welfare state’s orientation toward old-age provisions and the insider/outsider cleavage in the labor market. A welfare state that is generous toward the youth, facilitates the possibility for people to plan ahead in life and, by stabilizing financial expectations, makes people less risk averse. Higher debt ratios are more common in Northern countries as social protection is more extensive; while in continental countries, where welfare benefits are narrower and tend to target the already employed and the elderly, people are more risk-averse toward debt. The proposed theory is supported by an illustrative empirical analysis using data from the OECD SOCX, the Comparative Welfare Entitlements Dataset (CWED2) and the ECRI statistical package.
{"title":"The impact of welfare on household debt","authors":"Martino Comelli","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2021.1875088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2021.1875088","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article aims to advance the theoretical understanding of how welfare affects household needs and willingness to take on debt across OECD countries. Previous sociological literature has attempted to explain indebtedness through the quantity of welfare spending, by searching for a tradeoff between the lack of welfare and the increase of household debt. Based on the “life cycle” hypothesis, according to which people take on debt when they are younger and pay it off as they age, this paper argues that divergence in household debt across countries is a function of the welfare state’s orientation toward old-age provisions and the insider/outsider cleavage in the labor market. A welfare state that is generous toward the youth, facilitates the possibility for people to plan ahead in life and, by stabilizing financial expectations, makes people less risk averse. Higher debt ratios are more common in Northern countries as social protection is more extensive; while in continental countries, where welfare benefits are narrower and tend to target the already employed and the elderly, people are more risk-averse toward debt. The proposed theory is supported by an illustrative empirical analysis using data from the OECD SOCX, the Comparative Welfare Entitlements Dataset (CWED2) and the ECRI statistical package.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"41 1","pages":"154 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2021.1875088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48860752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-27DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2021.1875090
Lee Hair
Abstract Subscription crowdfunding platforms, such as Patreon and Twitch, market themselves as spaces where digital creative workers can secure stable income from a loyal group of patrons, and where patrons can reap exclusive rewards and strengthen their relationship with beloved creators. Drawing on Zelizer’s concept of relational work, this study examines how digital creative workers simultaneously connect and transact with their patrons on such platforms. A thematic analysis of forty Patreon campaigns revealed that digital artists employ parasocial relational work to obscure the economic nature of crowdfunding. Artists frame monetary subscriptions as social support between two intimate parties and compensate their patrons with socially intimate rewards, such as self-disclosure and real-time interaction. In sum, digital artists encourage their patrons to support them as friends would by promising to treat their patrons as friends in return, a finding in line with current trends in creative labor and audience studies.
{"title":"Friends, not ATMs: parasocial relational work and the construction of intimacy by artists on Patreon","authors":"Lee Hair","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2021.1875090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2021.1875090","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Subscription crowdfunding platforms, such as Patreon and Twitch, market themselves as spaces where digital creative workers can secure stable income from a loyal group of patrons, and where patrons can reap exclusive rewards and strengthen their relationship with beloved creators. Drawing on Zelizer’s concept of relational work, this study examines how digital creative workers simultaneously connect and transact with their patrons on such platforms. A thematic analysis of forty Patreon campaigns revealed that digital artists employ parasocial relational work to obscure the economic nature of crowdfunding. Artists frame monetary subscriptions as social support between two intimate parties and compensate their patrons with socially intimate rewards, such as self-disclosure and real-time interaction. In sum, digital artists encourage their patrons to support them as friends would by promising to treat their patrons as friends in return, a finding in line with current trends in creative labor and audience studies.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"41 1","pages":"196 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2021.1875090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41485485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2020.1791772
Joya Misra, C. Curington, Venus Green
Abstract Intersectionality is a powerful concept within sociology, urging scholars to consider how an array of socially constructed dimensions of difference intersect to shape each person’s experiences and actions. This paper provides a number of different blueprints for designing intersectional research, which can be adapted for different purposes. The key methodological tenets of intersectional research are oppression, relationality, complexity, context, comparison, and deconstruction. This paper defines these tenets, addresses misunderstandings of their implications, and applies these tenets to existing intersectional research. Multiple qualitative, comparative, and quantitative strategies can be used to carry out intersectional research; there is not just one way to do intersectional empirical research. While intersectional methods require thought in designing the research, they are doable. What is more, they provide much more nuanced understandings of social relations and inequality. If race, class, gender and other socially constructed dimensions of difference are understood not as static but as dynamic, researchers can employ a wide variety of methodological tools to analyze power relations via their intersections.
{"title":"Methods of intersectional research","authors":"Joya Misra, C. Curington, Venus Green","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2020.1791772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2020.1791772","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Intersectionality is a powerful concept within sociology, urging scholars to consider how an array of socially constructed dimensions of difference intersect to shape each person’s experiences and actions. This paper provides a number of different blueprints for designing intersectional research, which can be adapted for different purposes. The key methodological tenets of intersectional research are oppression, relationality, complexity, context, comparison, and deconstruction. This paper defines these tenets, addresses misunderstandings of their implications, and applies these tenets to existing intersectional research. Multiple qualitative, comparative, and quantitative strategies can be used to carry out intersectional research; there is not just one way to do intersectional empirical research. While intersectional methods require thought in designing the research, they are doable. What is more, they provide much more nuanced understandings of social relations and inequality. If race, class, gender and other socially constructed dimensions of difference are understood not as static but as dynamic, researchers can employ a wide variety of methodological tools to analyze power relations via their intersections.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"41 1","pages":"9 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2020.1791772","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43865174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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