首页 > 最新文献

Sociological Spectrum最新文献

英文 中文
Experiencia Compartida: The effect of discrimination on Latino attitudes toward illegal immigration Experiencia Compartida:歧视对拉丁裔非法移民态度的影响
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2020.1719381
Stacey U. Tucker
Abstract Increasingly, research is being done on American attitudes toward immigration, particularly illegal immigration. Such research has focused on overall U.S. attitudes, predominantly the positions of Whites and African Americans, leaving a gap in the literature on Latino attitudes. In popular discussions on immigration, especially news accounts of “solidarity” movements, there is an underlying assumption of group congruence among Latinos. Latinos, however, are a diverse population, with varied opinions on political and social issues, including that of immigration. Using data from the 2010 National Survey of Latinos (https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/dataset/2010-national-survey-of-latinos/), this study explores the attitudes of Latinos in the U.S. toward illegal immigration by examining the effects of discrimination on the development of these attitudes. The outcomes of ordered logit (ordinal regression) show that having experienced discrimination increases favorability toward illegal immigration. This suggests that attitudes toward illegal immigration go beyond ethnic solidarity to include perceived shared experiences.
越来越多的人开始研究美国人对移民,尤其是非法移民的态度。这类研究关注的是美国人的整体态度,主要是白人和非洲裔美国人的立场,在拉丁裔态度的文献中留下了空白。在关于移民的流行讨论中,尤其是关于“团结”运动的新闻报道中,有一种潜在的假设,即拉丁美洲人之间的群体一致性。然而,拉美裔是一个多元化的群体,他们对政治和社会问题(包括移民问题)有着不同的看法。使用2010年全国拉丁裔调查(https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/dataset/2010-national-survey-of-latinos/)的数据,本研究通过检查歧视对这些态度发展的影响,探讨了美国拉丁裔对非法移民的态度。有序logit(有序回归)的结果表明,经历过歧视的人对非法移民的好感度增加。这表明,对非法移民的态度超越了种族团结,包括感知到的共同经历。
{"title":"Experiencia Compartida: The effect of discrimination on Latino attitudes toward illegal immigration","authors":"Stacey U. Tucker","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2020.1719381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2020.1719381","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Increasingly, research is being done on American attitudes toward immigration, particularly illegal immigration. Such research has focused on overall U.S. attitudes, predominantly the positions of Whites and African Americans, leaving a gap in the literature on Latino attitudes. In popular discussions on immigration, especially news accounts of “solidarity” movements, there is an underlying assumption of group congruence among Latinos. Latinos, however, are a diverse population, with varied opinions on political and social issues, including that of immigration. Using data from the 2010 National Survey of Latinos (https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/dataset/2010-national-survey-of-latinos/), this study explores the attitudes of Latinos in the U.S. toward illegal immigration by examining the effects of discrimination on the development of these attitudes. The outcomes of ordered logit (ordinal regression) show that having experienced discrimination increases favorability toward illegal immigration. This suggests that attitudes toward illegal immigration go beyond ethnic solidarity to include perceived shared experiences.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"40 1","pages":"48 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2020.1719381","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43742174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Collective Adaptation to Structural Strain: Commiserating and Problem-Solving in groups 对结构应变的集体适应:群体中的同情和问题解决
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2019.1705215
M. Sadri, James L. Williams, D. Barber
Abstract Numerous studies have explored group cohesion and social action under stressful circumstances. Several theories such as social identity theory, social categorization theory and grievance theories of social action have specifically addressed this issue. However, Robert Merton's “typology of modes of adaptations” to structural strain has not been effectively applied to studies of group cohesion and social action under stressful circumstances. Most of the applications of this typology have remained within the range of individual decision making. Using a field experiment, this paper explores the applicability of Merton's typology to collective responses to structural strain. The experiment breached the normal expectations of student performance in a college classroom. The analysis of participants' responses revealed not only individual adjustments anticipated in Merton’s model but also a rich repertoire of avoidance and evasion that took place in a collective context; namely: “attitude adjustment (commiseration) and “concerted action” (problem solving). These phenomena are introduced as “intervening variables” capable of mediating individual adaptations to structural strain. The paper discusses implications of the findings and suggests possible paths of future research.
摘要许多研究探讨了压力环境下的群体凝聚力和社会行为。社会身份理论、社会分类理论和社会行为的冤屈理论等理论都专门针对这一问题。然而,罗伯特·默顿对结构应变的“适应模式类型学”并没有有效地应用于压力环境下的群体凝聚力和社会行动研究。这种类型学的大多数应用都停留在个人决策的范围内。通过现场实验,本文探讨了默顿类型学对结构应变集体反应的适用性。这个实验违背了人们对学生在大学课堂上表现的正常期望。对参与者反应的分析不仅揭示了默顿模型中预期的个人调整,还揭示了在集体背景下发生的丰富的回避和逃避;即:“态度调整(同情)”和“协同行动”(解决问题)。这些现象被引入作为“干预变量”,能够介导个体对结构应变的适应。本文讨论了这些发现的含义,并提出了未来研究的可能途径。
{"title":"Collective Adaptation to Structural Strain: Commiserating and Problem-Solving in groups","authors":"M. Sadri, James L. Williams, D. Barber","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2019.1705215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2019.1705215","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Numerous studies have explored group cohesion and social action under stressful circumstances. Several theories such as social identity theory, social categorization theory and grievance theories of social action have specifically addressed this issue. However, Robert Merton's “typology of modes of adaptations” to structural strain has not been effectively applied to studies of group cohesion and social action under stressful circumstances. Most of the applications of this typology have remained within the range of individual decision making. Using a field experiment, this paper explores the applicability of Merton's typology to collective responses to structural strain. The experiment breached the normal expectations of student performance in a college classroom. The analysis of participants' responses revealed not only individual adjustments anticipated in Merton’s model but also a rich repertoire of avoidance and evasion that took place in a collective context; namely: “attitude adjustment (commiseration) and “concerted action” (problem solving). These phenomena are introduced as “intervening variables” capable of mediating individual adaptations to structural strain. The paper discusses implications of the findings and suggests possible paths of future research.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"39 1","pages":"392 - 404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2019.1705215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46275465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Islamophobia: Social Distance, Avoidance, and Threat 伊斯兰恐惧症:社会距离、回避和威胁
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2019.1704668
Terri A. Winnick
Abstract A sample of undergraduate college students (N = 610) enrolled in Introductory Sociology courses participated in a study exploring attitudes toward and social distance from persons who are Arab, Pakistani, and Muslim vis a vis other ethnic and religious groups. Data were collected between 2010 and 2016 using the Bogardus Social Distance scale and a 16-item Islamophobia scale. Respondents positioned Arabs, Pakistanis, and Muslims at the bottom of a closeness hierarchy. In multiple regression analyses where race, religion, political affiliation and preferred news source are regressed on Islamophobia scores we find that being Christian, being a Republican and watching Fox News, separately and together, significantly influence negative attitudes toward Muslims and persons from those regions, while knowing someone Muslim diminishes these views. The persistence of these sentiments is explored.
选取选修社会学导论课程的大学生(N = 610)为研究对象,探讨了阿拉伯人、巴基斯坦人和穆斯林相对于其他种族和宗教群体的态度和社会距离。数据收集于2010年至2016年间,使用了Bogardus社交距离量表和16项伊斯兰恐惧症量表。受访者将阿拉伯人、巴基斯坦人和穆斯林排在亲密等级的最底层。在多元回归分析中,种族、宗教、政治派别和偏好的新闻来源对伊斯兰恐惧症得分进行了回归,我们发现,作为基督徒、共和党人和观看福克斯新闻(Fox news),无论是单独还是一起,都会显著影响对穆斯林和来自这些地区的人的负面态度,而认识一个穆斯林会减少这些观点。本文探讨了这些情绪的持久性。
{"title":"Islamophobia: Social Distance, Avoidance, and Threat","authors":"Terri A. Winnick","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2019.1704668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2019.1704668","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A sample of undergraduate college students (N = 610) enrolled in Introductory Sociology courses participated in a study exploring attitudes toward and social distance from persons who are Arab, Pakistani, and Muslim vis a vis other ethnic and religious groups. Data were collected between 2010 and 2016 using the Bogardus Social Distance scale and a 16-item Islamophobia scale. Respondents positioned Arabs, Pakistanis, and Muslims at the bottom of a closeness hierarchy. In multiple regression analyses where race, religion, political affiliation and preferred news source are regressed on Islamophobia scores we find that being Christian, being a Republican and watching Fox News, separately and together, significantly influence negative attitudes toward Muslims and persons from those regions, while knowing someone Muslim diminishes these views. The persistence of these sentiments is explored.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"39 1","pages":"359 - 374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2019.1704668","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48863760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Light Environmentalists and Quiet Activism: Identity Alignment among Participants in Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring Programs 轻环保主义者和安静的行动主义:志愿者水质监测项目参与者的身份一致性
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2019.1704328
J. McCauley
Abstract The environmental movement has seen declining political activism over the last 20 years, while engagement in nonpolitical conservation behaviors has increased (e.g., recycling, carrying reusable shopping bags, etc.). Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring bridges gaps in movement tactics by allowing participants to engage in public, collective pro-movement behavior without engaging in politics or protest. In light of this, I analyze how VWQM participants conceptualize their role in and relationship to an evolving environmental movement, articulate group (collective, movement) and individual identities (personal, activist), and use VWQM as a vehicle for identity alignment. Results indicate : (1) Participants see VWQM as a unique opportunity to support the environmental movement in a way congruent with their personal identity, (2) participants readily accept collective and movement identities associated with the environmental movement but resist identities related to activism, and (3) movement participation and identity development is jointly influenced by processes of movement institutionalization and neoliberalism.
在过去的20年里,环境运动的政治激进主义有所下降,而非政治保护行为的参与有所增加(例如,回收利用,使用可重复使用的购物袋等)。志愿者水质监测通过允许参与者参与公共的、集体的支持运动的行为而不参与政治或抗议,弥补了运动策略上的差距。鉴于此,我分析了VWQM参与者如何概念化他们在不断发展的环境运动中的角色和关系,阐明群体(集体,运动)和个人身份(个人,活动家),并使用VWQM作为身份对齐的工具。结果表明:(1)参与者将VWQM视为一个独特的机会,以一种与个人身份一致的方式支持环境运动;(2)参与者容易接受与环境运动相关的集体和运动身份,但抵制与行动主义相关的身份;(3)运动参与和身份发展共同受到运动制度化和新自由主义进程的影响。
{"title":"Light Environmentalists and Quiet Activism: Identity Alignment among Participants in Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring Programs","authors":"J. McCauley","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2019.1704328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2019.1704328","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The environmental movement has seen declining political activism over the last 20 years, while engagement in nonpolitical conservation behaviors has increased (e.g., recycling, carrying reusable shopping bags, etc.). Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring bridges gaps in movement tactics by allowing participants to engage in public, collective pro-movement behavior without engaging in politics or protest. In light of this, I analyze how VWQM participants conceptualize their role in and relationship to an evolving environmental movement, articulate group (collective, movement) and individual identities (personal, activist), and use VWQM as a vehicle for identity alignment. Results indicate : (1) Participants see VWQM as a unique opportunity to support the environmental movement in a way congruent with their personal identity, (2) participants readily accept collective and movement identities associated with the environmental movement but resist identities related to activism, and (3) movement participation and identity development is jointly influenced by processes of movement institutionalization and neoliberalism.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"39 1","pages":"375 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2019.1704328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46335901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Work–Family Balance and Tenure Reasonableness: Gender Differences in Faculty Assessment 工作家庭平衡与任期合理:教师评估中的性别差异
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2019.1691097
Rodica Lisnic, A. Zajicek, Brinck Kerr
Abstract Perceptions of work–family balance and of the reasonableness of tenure expectations are key faculty retention factors. Using a national job satisfaction survey with 2438 tenure-track assistant professors, we explore whether faculty assessment of departmental and institutional support for family–work balance and their satisfaction with family-friendly policies influence their perceptions of the reasonableness of tenure expectations. We pay attention to the importance of gender in our models. Results reveal that women are less likely than men to report tenure expectations as scholars are reasonable and that departments and institutions are supportive of family–work balance. Departmental support for family–work balance, caring for an ill family member, satisfaction with family-friendly policies, and workload have the strongest association with reasonableness. Satisfaction with family-friendly policies has a significant relationship with reasonableness of tenure expectations only for faculty with family care responsibilities. Implications for family-friendly policies and practices in academia are discussed.
对工作与家庭平衡的认知和对终身教职期望的合理性是留住教师的关键因素。通过对2438名终身助理教授的全国工作满意度调查,我们探讨了教师对部门和机构对家庭工作平衡支持的评估以及他们对家庭友好政策的满意度是否会影响他们对终身期望合理性的看法。在我们的模型中,我们关注性别的重要性。结果显示,女性比男性更不可能报告终身职位期望,因为学者是合理的,部门和机构支持家庭与工作的平衡。部门对家庭工作平衡的支持、照顾生病的家庭成员、对家庭友好政策的满意度和工作量与合理性的关系最密切。对家庭友好政策的满意度与任期期望的合理性有显著的关系,只有对有家庭照顾责任的教师。讨论了学术界对家庭友好政策和做法的影响。
{"title":"Work–Family Balance and Tenure Reasonableness: Gender Differences in Faculty Assessment","authors":"Rodica Lisnic, A. Zajicek, Brinck Kerr","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2019.1691097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2019.1691097","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Perceptions of work–family balance and of the reasonableness of tenure expectations are key faculty retention factors. Using a national job satisfaction survey with 2438 tenure-track assistant professors, we explore whether faculty assessment of departmental and institutional support for family–work balance and their satisfaction with family-friendly policies influence their perceptions of the reasonableness of tenure expectations. We pay attention to the importance of gender in our models. Results reveal that women are less likely than men to report tenure expectations as scholars are reasonable and that departments and institutions are supportive of family–work balance. Departmental support for family–work balance, caring for an ill family member, satisfaction with family-friendly policies, and workload have the strongest association with reasonableness. Satisfaction with family-friendly policies has a significant relationship with reasonableness of tenure expectations only for faculty with family care responsibilities. Implications for family-friendly policies and practices in academia are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"39 1","pages":"340 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2019.1691097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47501065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Underemployment Versus Relocation: Coping Mechanisms of Palestinian Women in Israel with Patriarchal and Spatial Impositions 就业不足与重新安置:以色列巴勒斯坦妇女在父权和空间强加下的应对机制
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2019.1691096
Tal Meler
Abstract Over the past decade, rates of Palestinian women in Israel with an academic degree have increased. However, the corresponding increase in their rate of employment has been slower, and the paucity of suitable positions is evident. The aim of the present, qualitative study was to gain insight into the barriers that educated Palestinian women face in finding employment suitable for their training, the coping mechanisms they employ in their attempt to overcome these barriers, and factors that contribute to the selection of these coping mechanisms. Towards that aim, educated Palestinian women residing in northern Israel (n = 17) and ones who relocated to southern Israel for employment purposes (n = 42) were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed three coping mechanisms with the shortage of suitable employment: underemployment, retraining, and relocation to southern Israel for employment. This study may help policymakers find ways to increase the percentage of Palestinian women working in their field of training.
在过去的十年中,在以色列拥有学位的巴勒斯坦妇女的比例有所增加。然而,他们就业率的相应增长速度较慢,而且合适职位的缺乏是显而易见的。本定性研究的目的是深入了解受过教育的巴勒斯坦妇女在寻找适合其培训的工作时所面临的障碍,她们为克服这些障碍所采用的应付机制,以及有助于选择这些应付机制的因素。为此目的,对居住在以色列北部的受过教育的巴勒斯坦妇女(17名)和为就业目的迁往以色列南部的受过教育的巴勒斯坦妇女(42名)进行了半结构化访谈。调查结果揭示了三种应对合适就业短缺的机制:就业不足、再培训和迁往以色列南部就业。这项研究可能有助于决策者找到增加巴勒斯坦妇女在其培训领域工作的百分比的方法。
{"title":"Underemployment Versus Relocation: Coping Mechanisms of Palestinian Women in Israel with Patriarchal and Spatial Impositions","authors":"Tal Meler","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2019.1691096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2019.1691096","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the past decade, rates of Palestinian women in Israel with an academic degree have increased. However, the corresponding increase in their rate of employment has been slower, and the paucity of suitable positions is evident. The aim of the present, qualitative study was to gain insight into the barriers that educated Palestinian women face in finding employment suitable for their training, the coping mechanisms they employ in their attempt to overcome these barriers, and factors that contribute to the selection of these coping mechanisms. Towards that aim, educated Palestinian women residing in northern Israel (n = 17) and ones who relocated to southern Israel for employment purposes (n = 42) were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed three coping mechanisms with the shortage of suitable employment: underemployment, retraining, and relocation to southern Israel for employment. This study may help policymakers find ways to increase the percentage of Palestinian women working in their field of training.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"39 1","pages":"300 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2019.1691096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45289250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Noxious Chemical Exposure Trends as Measures of Green Victimization: Public Health, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Trends, and Green Criminology 有毒化学品暴露趋势作为绿色受害措施:公共卫生、国家健康和营养检查调查趋势和绿色犯罪学
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2019.1691098
M. Lynch, Hyojong Song
Abstract Green criminologists have argued that exposure to environmental pollution constitutes a serious form of green victimization of the general public and public health. This claim has not been widely assessed empirically. The present study employs data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) over time to examine trends in exposure to environmental toxins among the U.S. population. NHANES data allow such an assessment through the collection of biological sampling used to determine exposure to environmental toxins. We examined trends for NHANES exposure estimates for biological indicators of pollutant exposure over time for 64 chemicals that have multiple measures. We divide the exposure trends into declining, stable, increasing, and unclear trajectory patterns and discuss the health consequences associated with exposure to measured chemical exposures. Discussion of the implications of this analysis and the need for future studies is provided.
摘要绿色犯罪学家认为,暴露在环境污染中是公众和公共健康的一种严重的绿色受害形式。这一说法尚未得到广泛的实证评估。本研究采用了美国国家健康和营养检查调查(NHANES)的数据,以研究美国人群暴露于环境毒素的趋势。NHANES的数据允许通过收集用于确定暴露于环境毒素的生物采样进行这种评估。我们研究了64种具有多种测量方法的化学品的污染物暴露生物指标的NHANES暴露估计值随时间的变化趋势。我们将暴露趋势分为下降、稳定、增加和不明确的轨迹模式,并讨论了与测量化学暴露相关的健康后果。讨论了这一分析的含义以及未来研究的必要性。
{"title":"Noxious Chemical Exposure Trends as Measures of Green Victimization: Public Health, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Trends, and Green Criminology","authors":"M. Lynch, Hyojong Song","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2019.1691098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2019.1691098","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Green criminologists have argued that exposure to environmental pollution constitutes a serious form of green victimization of the general public and public health. This claim has not been widely assessed empirically. The present study employs data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) over time to examine trends in exposure to environmental toxins among the U.S. population. NHANES data allow such an assessment through the collection of biological sampling used to determine exposure to environmental toxins. We examined trends for NHANES exposure estimates for biological indicators of pollutant exposure over time for 64 chemicals that have multiple measures. We divide the exposure trends into declining, stable, increasing, and unclear trajectory patterns and discuss the health consequences associated with exposure to measured chemical exposures. Discussion of the implications of this analysis and the need for future studies is provided.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"39 1","pages":"319 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2019.1691098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41595249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Which resources matter for what impacts? Resource mobilization and impacts of local SMOs in rural Lithuania, 2004–2006 哪些资源对什么影响很重要?2004-2006年立陶宛农村地方SMO的资源调动和影响
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2019.1669238
Jurgita Abromaviciute, Ryan Seebruck, Bob Edwards
Abstract Resource Mobilization Theory (RMT) posits that the key to social movement organizations’ (SMOs’) success is their ability to mobilize resources. Yet there has been little research verifying this claim. This study uses the case of post-Soviet rural Lithuania to test the link between human, social, material, and organizational resources of SMOs and three types of organizational impacts: issue awareness, local support, and media coverage. Using original data from 165 rural advocacy organizations that spans the period of 2004 to 2006, we demonstrate that the effects of different resources vary in significance and strength for differentoutcomes. Furthermore, no single resource type consistently predicts all impacts. This research contributes to RMT by (1) identifying which resource types predict specific organizational impacts, (2) extending RMT to the unique context of post-Soviet Lithuania, and (3) illuminating the relationship between resources and impacts for an understudied unit of analysis (small, newly founded nonprofessionalized organizations).
摘要资源调动理论(RMT)认为,社会运动组织成功的关键是其调动资源的能力。然而,很少有研究证实这一说法。本研究以后苏联时期立陶宛农村为例,测试了SMO的人力、社会、物质和组织资源与三种类型的组织影响之间的联系:问题意识、地方支持和媒体报道。利用2004年至2006年期间165个农村倡导组织的原始数据,我们证明了不同资源的影响在重要性和强度上各不相同。此外,没有任何一种资源类型能够始终如一地预测所有影响。这项研究通过(1)确定哪些资源类型可以预测特定的组织影响,(2)将RMT扩展到后苏联立陶宛的独特背景,以及(3)为研究不足的分析单位(新成立的小型非专业组织)阐明资源和影响之间的关系,为RMT做出了贡献。
{"title":"Which resources matter for what impacts? Resource mobilization and impacts of local SMOs in rural Lithuania, 2004–2006","authors":"Jurgita Abromaviciute, Ryan Seebruck, Bob Edwards","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2019.1669238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2019.1669238","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Resource Mobilization Theory (RMT) posits that the key to social movement organizations’ (SMOs’) success is their ability to mobilize resources. Yet there has been little research verifying this claim. This study uses the case of post-Soviet rural Lithuania to test the link between human, social, material, and organizational resources of SMOs and three types of organizational impacts: issue awareness, local support, and media coverage. Using original data from 165 rural advocacy organizations that spans the period of 2004 to 2006, we demonstrate that the effects of different resources vary in significance and strength for differentoutcomes. Furthermore, no single resource type consistently predicts all impacts. This research contributes to RMT by (1) identifying which resource types predict specific organizational impacts, (2) extending RMT to the unique context of post-Soviet Lithuania, and (3) illuminating the relationship between resources and impacts for an understudied unit of analysis (small, newly founded nonprofessionalized organizations).","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"39 1","pages":"281 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2019.1669238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47486958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
“It’s a Lifestyle”: Social Class, Flexibility, and Young Adults’ Stories About Defining Adulthood “这是一种生活方式”:社会阶层、灵活性和年轻人关于定义成年的故事
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2019.1669239
C. Dalessandro
Abstract In discussions of how social class matters during the transition to adulthood, the simultaneous importance of both class origins and future class trajectories is underexplored. In this paper, I use interviews with 60 emerging adults in the United States to investigate their stories about progress towards adulthood during the emerging adult years. I find that regardless of class backgrounds and trajectories, participants agree on three subjective criteria—identity exploration, learning responsibility, and gaining control—as most important to the project of becoming an adult. However, personal stories about living up to these subjective criteria diverge by future class plans. While those on class-advantaged (middle- and upper-middle-class) tracks draw heavily from traditional, concrete markers of adulthood to explain the accomplishment of subjective expectations, those on class-disadvantaged (working-class and poor) tracks stress the importance of “flexibility” as important in their stories about becoming an adult. While emerging adults use subjective criteria to explain reaching adulthood, this subjectivity also helps conceal the ongoing importance of access to material resources and opportunities for transitioning to adulthood along a normative path. Subjectivity also allows for individualization in emerging adults’ stories, which helps obscure broader patterns of inequality.
摘要在讨论社会阶层在向成年过渡期间的重要性时,阶级起源和未来阶级轨迹的同时重要性没有得到充分的探讨。在这篇论文中,我对美国60名新兴成年人进行了采访,调查他们在新兴成年时期走向成年的故事。我发现,无论阶级背景和轨迹如何,参与者都同意三个主观标准——身份探索、学习责任和获得控制权——这对成年项目来说是最重要的。然而,关于达到这些主观标准的个人故事因未来的课堂计划而有所不同。虽然那些处于阶级优势(中产阶级和中上层阶级)轨道上的人在很大程度上借鉴了传统的、具体的成年标记来解释主观期望的实现,但那些处于阶级劣势(工人阶级和贫困阶级)轨道的人强调了“灵活性”的重要性,这在他们关于成年的故事中同样重要。虽然新兴成年人使用主观标准来解释成年,但这种主观性也有助于掩盖获得物质资源和沿着规范道路过渡到成年的机会的持续重要性。主体性也允许新兴成年人的故事个性化,这有助于掩盖更广泛的不平等模式。
{"title":"“It’s a Lifestyle”: Social Class, Flexibility, and Young Adults’ Stories About Defining Adulthood","authors":"C. Dalessandro","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2019.1669239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2019.1669239","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In discussions of how social class matters during the transition to adulthood, the simultaneous importance of both class origins and future class trajectories is underexplored. In this paper, I use interviews with 60 emerging adults in the United States to investigate their stories about progress towards adulthood during the emerging adult years. I find that regardless of class backgrounds and trajectories, participants agree on three subjective criteria—identity exploration, learning responsibility, and gaining control—as most important to the project of becoming an adult. However, personal stories about living up to these subjective criteria diverge by future class plans. While those on class-advantaged (middle- and upper-middle-class) tracks draw heavily from traditional, concrete markers of adulthood to explain the accomplishment of subjective expectations, those on class-disadvantaged (working-class and poor) tracks stress the importance of “flexibility” as important in their stories about becoming an adult. While emerging adults use subjective criteria to explain reaching adulthood, this subjectivity also helps conceal the ongoing importance of access to material resources and opportunities for transitioning to adulthood along a normative path. Subjectivity also allows for individualization in emerging adults’ stories, which helps obscure broader patterns of inequality.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"39 1","pages":"250 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2019.1669239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44026633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Normative Bridges and Barriers in the Framing of Emerging Sports Movements 新兴体育运动框架中的规范桥梁和障碍
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/02732173.2019.1669236
J. Woods
Abstract Why have some small, emerging sports communities grown faster than others? To begin answering this question, the analysis presented here considers the case of disc golf, a flying disc sport that has grown rapidly since the early twenty-first century. This research conceptualizes the disc golf community as a new social movement and examines how the news media has influenced its development. Drawing on a large, diverse sample of local and national news materials, this study finds that the volume of disc golf news coverage is correlated with reliable measures of the sport’s growth. In addition, a content analysis of 2920 newspaper articles is used to identify the news frames that may promote, or attenuate disc golf’s “grow the sport movement.” The theoretical and methodological contributions of this study shed further light on the complex relationship between the news media and the evolution of small, non-normative sports movements.
为什么一些小的、新兴的体育社区比其他社区发展得更快?为了回答这个问题,本文的分析考虑了飞盘高尔夫的案例,这是一项自21世纪初以来迅速发展起来的飞盘运动。本研究将飞盘高尔夫社区概念化为一种新的社会运动,并探讨了新闻媒体如何影响其发展。本研究利用大量不同的地方和国家新闻材料样本,发现飞盘高尔夫新闻报道的数量与这项运动发展的可靠指标相关。此外,对2920篇报纸文章进行了内容分析,以确定可能促进或削弱飞盘高尔夫“发展运动”的新闻框架。本研究的理论和方法贡献进一步阐明了新闻媒体与小型非规范体育运动演变之间的复杂关系。
{"title":"Normative Bridges and Barriers in the Framing of Emerging Sports Movements","authors":"J. Woods","doi":"10.1080/02732173.2019.1669236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2019.1669236","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Why have some small, emerging sports communities grown faster than others? To begin answering this question, the analysis presented here considers the case of disc golf, a flying disc sport that has grown rapidly since the early twenty-first century. This research conceptualizes the disc golf community as a new social movement and examines how the news media has influenced its development. Drawing on a large, diverse sample of local and national news materials, this study finds that the volume of disc golf news coverage is correlated with reliable measures of the sport’s growth. In addition, a content analysis of 2920 newspaper articles is used to identify the news frames that may promote, or attenuate disc golf’s “grow the sport movement.” The theoretical and methodological contributions of this study shed further light on the complex relationship between the news media and the evolution of small, non-normative sports movements.","PeriodicalId":47106,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Spectrum","volume":"39 1","pages":"234 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02732173.2019.1669236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42332367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
期刊
Sociological Spectrum
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1