Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1007/s11150-023-09683-5
Marina Morales, Miriam Marcén
Abstract Despite the notable progress that has been made in bridging the gap between women and men in the world of work, women are still underrepresented in many occupations. In this article, the effect of gender norms on whether women enter male-dominated occupations is analysed using differences in gender equality among early-arrival migrants. The variations in gender norms according to the cultural backgrounds of those migrants by country of origin are exploited to identify their impact on occupational choices. Using data from the American Community Survey, it is found that greater gender equality in the country of origin reduces the gender gap in male-dominated occupations. Suggestive evidence is further shown on the roles of job flexibility and women’s relative preferences for family-friendly jobs in shaping gender-based sorting across occupations.
尽管在缩小男女在工作领域的差距方面取得了显著进展，但在许多职业中，女性的代表性仍然不足。在这篇文章中，性别规范对女性是否进入男性主导的职业的影响分析使用性别平等的差异在早期到达的移民。这些移徙者按原籍国的文化背景在性别规范方面的差异被用来确定其对职业选择的影响。根据美国社区调查(American Community Survey)的数据，研究发现，原籍国的性别平等程度越高，男性主导职业的性别差距就越小。工作灵活性和女性对家庭友好型工作的相对偏好在形成基于性别的职业分类中的作用进一步表明了暗示性证据。
{"title":"The effect of gender norms on gender-based sorting across occupations","authors":"Marina Morales, Miriam Marcén","doi":"10.1007/s11150-023-09683-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-023-09683-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite the notable progress that has been made in bridging the gap between women and men in the world of work, women are still underrepresented in many occupations. In this article, the effect of gender norms on whether women enter male-dominated occupations is analysed using differences in gender equality among early-arrival migrants. The variations in gender norms according to the cultural backgrounds of those migrants by country of origin are exploited to identify their impact on occupational choices. Using data from the American Community Survey, it is found that greater gender equality in the country of origin reduces the gender gap in male-dominated occupations. Suggestive evidence is further shown on the roles of job flexibility and women’s relative preferences for family-friendly jobs in shaping gender-based sorting across occupations.","PeriodicalId":47111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics of the Household","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135537945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1007/s11150-023-09684-4
José Ignacio Giménez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina, Jorge Velilla
Abstract Recent analyses have shown that commutes to and from work are not symmetric, suggesting that intermediate activities are at the root of the asymmetries. However, to model how these activities accumulate and interact within trips to and from work is a methodologically unexplored issue. We analyze the intermediate activities done while commuting, using data from the American Time Use Survey for the period 2003–2019. We show that commuting as defined in Time Use Surveys is underestimated, with significant differences that depend on whether intermediate activities are considered. Such differences are especially important in commuting from work to home and reveal gender differences. Our results contribute to the analysis of commuting behavior by proposing new identification strategies based on intermediate non-trip episodes, and by showing how commuting interacts with other non-commuting activities. We also explore intermediate episodes during commuting, which may partially explain gender differences in commuting time.
{"title":"Intermediate activities while commuting","authors":"José Ignacio Giménez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina, Jorge Velilla","doi":"10.1007/s11150-023-09684-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-023-09684-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent analyses have shown that commutes to and from work are not symmetric, suggesting that intermediate activities are at the root of the asymmetries. However, to model how these activities accumulate and interact within trips to and from work is a methodologically unexplored issue. We analyze the intermediate activities done while commuting, using data from the American Time Use Survey for the period 2003–2019. We show that commuting as defined in Time Use Surveys is underestimated, with significant differences that depend on whether intermediate activities are considered. Such differences are especially important in commuting from work to home and reveal gender differences. Our results contribute to the analysis of commuting behavior by proposing new identification strategies based on intermediate non-trip episodes, and by showing how commuting interacts with other non-commuting activities. We also explore intermediate episodes during commuting, which may partially explain gender differences in commuting time.","PeriodicalId":47111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics of the Household","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135817547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We examine how working from home (WFH) affects men’s participation in childcare and housework and their attitudes toward family. Because WFH is an endogenous decision, we apply a first-difference instrumental variable estimator, taking the degree to which one can work from home, measured at the individual level, as the instrument. We find that WFH increases the time that men spend on household chores and with family, and the fraction of men who consider life more important than work. Although WFH decreases their commuting time, we find no evidence that it reduces working hours or self-perceived productivity.
{"title":"Working from home leads to more family-oriented men","authors":"Chihiro Inoue, Yusuke Ishihata, Shintaro Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1007/s11150-023-09682-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-023-09682-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We examine how working from home (WFH) affects men’s participation in childcare and housework and their attitudes toward family. Because WFH is an endogenous decision, we apply a first-difference instrumental variable estimator, taking the degree to which one can work from home, measured at the individual level, as the instrument. We find that WFH increases the time that men spend on household chores and with family, and the fraction of men who consider life more important than work. Although WFH decreases their commuting time, we find no evidence that it reduces working hours or self-perceived productivity.","PeriodicalId":47111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics of the Household","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135958018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1007/s11150-023-09678-2
Debayan Pakrashi, Sarani Saha
{"title":"Intergenerational consequences of spousal violence: effect on nutritional status of children","authors":"Debayan Pakrashi, Sarani Saha","doi":"10.1007/s11150-023-09678-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-023-09678-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics of the Household","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135060261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1007/s11150-023-09679-1
Harley Frazis
{"title":"Sources of increases in time alone during the COVID pandemic: evidence from the American Time Use Survey","authors":"Harley Frazis","doi":"10.1007/s11150-023-09679-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-023-09679-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics of the Household","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135060623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1007/s11150-023-09676-4
Patricia I. Ritter
{"title":"The unintended effect of piped water at home on childhood overweight rate: experimental evidence from urban Morocco","authors":"Patricia I. Ritter","doi":"10.1007/s11150-023-09676-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-023-09676-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics of the Household","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135734018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1007/s11150-023-09673-7
Nilesh Raut, Joan Costa-Font, Courtney van-Houtven
Abstract Health insurance expansions can exert wellbeing effects on individuals who provide informal care to their loved ones, reducing their experience of depression. This study exploits evidence from the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansion (ACA Medicaid) to examine the effects on the mental wellbeing of informal caregivers . Drawing on an event study and a Difference-in-Differences (DID) design we investigate the policy impact of ACA Medicaid using longitudinal evidence (from the Health and Retirement Study, HRS) for low-income individuals aged 64 or below. We find that ACA’s Medicaid reduced depressive symptoms among spousal caregivers , and specifically we estimate that exposure to ACA Medicaid gives rise to 8.2% points (on average, equivalent to 30% decrease) reduction in the feeling of depression and 8.7% points increase in the feeling of happiness (on average, 11% increase). The estimates are robust to various specifications, and we identify several potential driving mechanisms for the findings: reductions in out of -pocket expenses and labor supply and, as expected, increased after Medicaid uptake. The evidence from falsification tests confirms that the estimated effects are likely due to ACA’s Medicaid.
{"title":"Medicaid Expansion and the Mental Health of Spousal Caregivers","authors":"Nilesh Raut, Joan Costa-Font, Courtney van-Houtven","doi":"10.1007/s11150-023-09673-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-023-09673-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Health insurance expansions can exert wellbeing effects on individuals who provide informal care to their loved ones, reducing their experience of depression. This study exploits evidence from the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansion (ACA Medicaid) to examine the effects on the mental wellbeing of informal caregivers . Drawing on an event study and a Difference-in-Differences (DID) design we investigate the policy impact of ACA Medicaid using longitudinal evidence (from the Health and Retirement Study, HRS) for low-income individuals aged 64 or below. We find that ACA’s Medicaid reduced depressive symptoms among spousal caregivers , and specifically we estimate that exposure to ACA Medicaid gives rise to 8.2% points (on average, equivalent to 30% decrease) reduction in the feeling of depression and 8.7% points increase in the feeling of happiness (on average, 11% increase). The estimates are robust to various specifications, and we identify several potential driving mechanisms for the findings: reductions in out of -pocket expenses and labor supply and, as expected, increased after Medicaid uptake. The evidence from falsification tests confirms that the estimated effects are likely due to ACA’s Medicaid.","PeriodicalId":47111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics of the Household","volume":"664 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135734010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1007/s11150-023-09680-8
Aliaksandr Amialchuk, Mir M. Ali
{"title":"The long-term effects of marijuana use on mental health outcomes","authors":"Aliaksandr Amialchuk, Mir M. Ali","doi":"10.1007/s11150-023-09680-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-023-09680-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics of the Household","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.1007/s11150-023-09677-3
Veronica Frisancho
{"title":"A tribute to Jorge Aguero 1971–2023","authors":"Veronica Frisancho","doi":"10.1007/s11150-023-09677-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-023-09677-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics of the Household","volume":"21 1","pages":"1155 - 1156"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43227353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1007/s11150-023-09675-5
S. Kwon
{"title":"Grandparents and parental labor supply during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"S. Kwon","doi":"10.1007/s11150-023-09675-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-023-09675-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics of the Household","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43365186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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