Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.1017/s1742058x22000236
A. Perzynski, Kristen A. Berg, Charles B. Thomas, A. Cemballi, T. Smith, Sarah Shick, D. Gunzler, A. Sehgal
We examined the influence of racial and ethnic identity of residents and housing market economic conditions on redlining. Data were extracted from archival area description forms from the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation for 568 Ohio neighborhoods from 1934–1940. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships between neighborhood characteristics and redlining. Bivariate results indicated a strong association between the presence of African American residents and neighborhood redlining (OR = 40.9, 95% CI 22.9-72.8). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that some neighborhood characteristics were contributors to the decision to redline, including homes in poor condition (OR = 4.3, 95% CI 1.2-15.1), home vacancy (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.6), and housing prices (per thousand dollars) (OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.2). Adjusting for these and other factors, the presence of African American residents remained a powerful predictor of redlining (OR = 13.8, 95% CI 4.4-42.8). Racial discrimination was the overriding factor in decisions to redline neighborhoods.
我们考察了居民的种族和民族认同以及住房市场经济条件对边缘化的影响。数据从1934-1940年俄亥俄州568个社区的房屋所有者贷款公司的档案区域描述表格中提取。采用Logistic回归分析方法分析邻域特征与红线之间的关系。双变量结果表明，非洲裔美国居民的存在与社区红线之间存在很强的关联(OR = 40.9, 95% CI 22.9-72.8)。多变量分析表明，一些社区特征是决定红线的因素，包括房屋条件差(OR = 4.3, 95% CI 1.2-15.1)，房屋空置(OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.6)和房价(每千美元)(OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.2)。调整这些因素和其他因素后，非洲裔美国居民的存在仍然是红线的有力预测因子(OR = 13.8, 95% CI 4.4-42.8)。种族歧视是决定划定社区红线的最重要因素。
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Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1017/s1742058x21000436
Dounia Bourabain
Dounia Bourabain, PhD is a researcher in the sociology department of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Her research crosses the disciplines of sociology, migration studies, critical race studies, and organization studies as she investigates the roots behind and forms of everyday inequalities in different domains of life. Her most recent work looks into racial and gendered processes and interactions in higher education institutions. She is also editor of theDutch Journal of Gender Studies.Find her onTwitter @dbourabain, on Research Gate, or go to her ORCID-page for an overview of her work: https://orcid. org/0000-0002-4382-8268.
{"title":"VOLUME 18, NUMBER 2","authors":"Dounia Bourabain","doi":"10.1017/s1742058x21000436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x21000436","url":null,"abstract":"Dounia Bourabain, PhD is a researcher in the sociology department of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Her research crosses the disciplines of sociology, migration studies, critical race studies, and organization studies as she investigates the roots behind and forms of everyday inequalities in different domains of life. Her most recent work looks into racial and gendered processes and interactions in higher education institutions. She is also editor of theDutch Journal of Gender Studies.Find her onTwitter @dbourabain, on Research Gate, or go to her ORCID-page for an overview of her work: https://orcid. org/0000-0002-4382-8268.","PeriodicalId":47158,"journal":{"name":"Du Bois Review-Social Science Research on Race","volume":"18 1","pages":"435 - 438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42155604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.1017/S1742058X22000182
Brandon R. Davis
Abstract Building on the theoretical frameworks of both Charles Mills and Juliet Hooker I center race within abjection theory to demonstrate how the lack of concern about the pain and suffering of racial minorities is a link between critical race and abjection theory. The central problematic of this paper is racial abjection—how race creates an altered conceptualization of abjection and what this means for Blacks within the polis. Racial abjection is a powerful mythological, psychological, and physical response to the Black body and Black sexuality. This is the ability and desire of Whites to witness Black pain and suffering. I discuss the relationship among racial abjection, the Black body and Black sexuality. Then I detail the effects of racial abjection on Black masculinity and femininity. Lastly, I offer (dis)identification as a possible starting point for counter-conceptualizing Black identity.
{"title":"The Politics of Racial Abjection","authors":"Brandon R. Davis","doi":"10.1017/S1742058X22000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X22000182","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Building on the theoretical frameworks of both Charles Mills and Juliet Hooker I center race within abjection theory to demonstrate how the lack of concern about the pain and suffering of racial minorities is a link between critical race and abjection theory. The central problematic of this paper is racial abjection—how race creates an altered conceptualization of abjection and what this means for Blacks within the polis. Racial abjection is a powerful mythological, psychological, and physical response to the Black body and Black sexuality. This is the ability and desire of Whites to witness Black pain and suffering. I discuss the relationship among racial abjection, the Black body and Black sexuality. Then I detail the effects of racial abjection on Black masculinity and femininity. Lastly, I offer (dis)identification as a possible starting point for counter-conceptualizing Black identity.","PeriodicalId":47158,"journal":{"name":"Du Bois Review-Social Science Research on Race","volume":"20 1","pages":"143 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44607756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.1017/S1742058X22000170
Matthew Clair
In 1973, on the heels of the hard-fought gains of the Civil Rights Movement, sociologist and civil rights activist Joyce A. Ladner edited a collection titled The Death of White Sociology: Essays on Race and Culture. Bringing together an impressive set of Black writers and academics, the essays sought to make “an early statement on the development of Black sociology […and] to examine some of the historical forces which have acted upon Black sociologists, and to explicate some of the issues which are central to this new discipline” (Ladner [1973] 1998, p. xxvii). For Ladner, as she wrote in her introduction, Black sociology must be distinct from mainstream (White) sociology in its expressly normative commitment to using social science to “eliminat[e] racism and systematic class oppression from the society [and…to] promot[e] the interests of the Black masses” (Ladner [1973] 1998, p. xxvii). Whereas mainstream sociological theories had long been used to justify the subordination of Black people, Black sociology was an emergent discipline that sought Black liberation.
{"title":"Black Sociology in the Era of Black Lives Matter","authors":"Matthew Clair","doi":"10.1017/S1742058X22000170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X22000170","url":null,"abstract":"In 1973, on the heels of the hard-fought gains of the Civil Rights Movement, sociologist and civil rights activist Joyce A. Ladner edited a collection titled The Death of White Sociology: Essays on Race and Culture. Bringing together an impressive set of Black writers and academics, the essays sought to make “an early statement on the development of Black sociology […and] to examine some of the historical forces which have acted upon Black sociologists, and to explicate some of the issues which are central to this new discipline” (Ladner [1973] 1998, p. xxvii). For Ladner, as she wrote in her introduction, Black sociology must be distinct from mainstream (White) sociology in its expressly normative commitment to using social science to “eliminat[e] racism and systematic class oppression from the society [and…to] promot[e] the interests of the Black masses” (Ladner [1973] 1998, p. xxvii). Whereas mainstream sociological theories had long been used to justify the subordination of Black people, Black sociology was an emergent discipline that sought Black liberation.","PeriodicalId":47158,"journal":{"name":"Du Bois Review-Social Science Research on Race","volume":"19 1","pages":"373 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49300553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.1017/S1742058X22000169
Chad Williams
Abstract Black Reconstruction by W. E. B. Du Bois stands as one of the most groundbreaking books in American history. Scholars have acknowledged how the book, published in 1935, and Du Bois’s arguments in it, pioneered the study of the Civil War and Reconstruction eras today. This article explores the genesis and conceptual roots of Black Reconstruction by placing them in conversation with Du Bois’s connection to World War I. For several years, Du Bois labored on a history of the Black experience in World War I that he imagined as a sequel to Black Reconstruction. Du Bois’s work on this project, informed by his personal connection to the war, shaped many of the themes and ideas at the heart of Black Reconstruction. I argue that the full meaning of Black Reconstruction is incomplete without an understanding of the impact of World War I on Du Bois’s political evolution, intellectual development, and radical approach to history.
W. E. B.杜波依斯的《黑人重建》是美国历史上最具开创性的著作之一。学者们已经承认，这本1935年出版的书，以及杜波依斯在书中的观点，是如何开创了今天对内战和重建时期的研究。这篇文章通过与杜波依斯与第一次世界大战的联系来探讨黑人重建的起源和概念根源。杜波依斯花了几年时间研究第一次世界大战中黑人经历的历史，他把它想象成黑人重建的续集。杜波依斯在这个项目上的工作，受到他个人与战争的联系的影响，塑造了许多黑人重建的核心主题和思想。我认为，如果不了解第一次世界大战对杜波依斯的政治演变、智力发展和激进的历史研究方法的影响，《黑人重建》的全部意义是不完整的。
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Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.1017/S1742058X22000157
M. Abascal
Abstract The size and especially the growth of the Latino population in the United States are associated with anti-Latino and anti-immigrant attitudes. Findings from a recent line of experimental work suggest that Latino growth may also be associated with Whites’ anti-Black attitudes. Racial status threat could account for this association if Whites view Latino growth as a potential challenge to their status within a multi-group system that includes Blacks. Alternatively, or in addition, by engendering instability and uncertainty, Latino growth may promote ideological conservatism, which itself predicts racial attitudes. Building on prior work, this study examines the association between real, local Latino population growth––as opposed to manipulated or perceived growth––and Whites’ anti-Black resentment for a nationally representative sample of White Americans. Using data from the 2018 Cooperative Congressional Election Survey, the study finds that Whites in counties where the Latino population grew more report stronger anti-Black resentment. They are also more likely to perceive a threat to Whites’ racial status and to endorse ideological conservatism. Perceived threat and conservatism each partially account for the association between Latino growth and anti-Black resentment, suggesting the effect of Latino growth on anti-Black resentment is mediated through both channels.
{"title":"Latino Growth and Whites’ Anti-Black Resentment","authors":"M. Abascal","doi":"10.1017/S1742058X22000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X22000157","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The size and especially the growth of the Latino population in the United States are associated with anti-Latino and anti-immigrant attitudes. Findings from a recent line of experimental work suggest that Latino growth may also be associated with Whites’ anti-Black attitudes. Racial status threat could account for this association if Whites view Latino growth as a potential challenge to their status within a multi-group system that includes Blacks. Alternatively, or in addition, by engendering instability and uncertainty, Latino growth may promote ideological conservatism, which itself predicts racial attitudes. Building on prior work, this study examines the association between real, local Latino population growth––as opposed to manipulated or perceived growth––and Whites’ anti-Black resentment for a nationally representative sample of White Americans. Using data from the 2018 Cooperative Congressional Election Survey, the study finds that Whites in counties where the Latino population grew more report stronger anti-Black resentment. They are also more likely to perceive a threat to Whites’ racial status and to endorse ideological conservatism. Perceived threat and conservatism each partially account for the association between Latino growth and anti-Black resentment, suggesting the effect of Latino growth on anti-Black resentment is mediated through both channels.","PeriodicalId":47158,"journal":{"name":"Du Bois Review-Social Science Research on Race","volume":"20 1","pages":"21 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45273112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-13DOI: 10.1017/S1742058X22000145
P. Starr
Abstract The social category “people of color” has been born twice from the mixing of peoples in the United States. This article seeks to explain the category’s emergence and varied boundaries in the late 1700s and early 1800s, its decline in the mid-1800s, and its re-emergence and spread in a related meaning of enlarged scope since the 1970s. In both phases, “people of color” has served as a bridging identity across racial lines for those not included among whites; both times it has served primarily as a term of respect, not abuse. The category’s revival has rested on a contested people-of-color equation—the equating of other minorities with Black people—and has come in four stages: 1) the advent of a new configuration of governmentally recognized minorities in the 1960s and 1970s; 2) the adoption of “people of color” as a collective identity for those groups, initially among Black, progressive, and feminist activists; 3) the polarized diffusion of “people of color” in the media; and 4) the emergence among activists of second thoughts about the category “people of color” as insufficiently specific. The article concludes with a brief discussion of whether the traditional color line is being redrawn as a people-of-color line.
{"title":"The Re-Emergence of “People of Color”","authors":"P. Starr","doi":"10.1017/S1742058X22000145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X22000145","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The social category “people of color” has been born twice from the mixing of peoples in the United States. This article seeks to explain the category’s emergence and varied boundaries in the late 1700s and early 1800s, its decline in the mid-1800s, and its re-emergence and spread in a related meaning of enlarged scope since the 1970s. In both phases, “people of color” has served as a bridging identity across racial lines for those not included among whites; both times it has served primarily as a term of respect, not abuse. The category’s revival has rested on a contested people-of-color equation—the equating of other minorities with Black people—and has come in four stages: 1) the advent of a new configuration of governmentally recognized minorities in the 1960s and 1970s; 2) the adoption of “people of color” as a collective identity for those groups, initially among Black, progressive, and feminist activists; 3) the polarized diffusion of “people of color” in the media; and 4) the emergence among activists of second thoughts about the category “people of color” as insufficiently specific. The article concludes with a brief discussion of whether the traditional color line is being redrawn as a people-of-color line.","PeriodicalId":47158,"journal":{"name":"Du Bois Review-Social Science Research on Race","volume":"20 1","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43093802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.1017/S1742058X22000133
Kevin Drakulich, Eric Rodriguez-Whitney, Jesenia Robles
Abstract It matters how people view the police—and that there is a substantial racial gap in these views. Research has primarily focused on police experiences to explain generally less-positive views among Black Americans. We recommend a subtle but vital shift in focus, seeking instead to explain the remarkably more favorable average views about the police among White Americans. Utilizing comparable data from two 2016 American National Election Studies surveys, we explore the role of contact with the police, politics, and three different dimensions of racial attitudes and views, finding views about the police among White Americans to be shaped in primary ways by concerns about Black Americans. These factors, and racial resentment in particular, explain a significant portion of the average difference in views of the police between Black and White Americans. We discuss the implications of this subtle shift in focus, particularly for work which sets positive views about the police as the goal.
{"title":"Why White Americans More Frequently Fail to View the Police Critically","authors":"Kevin Drakulich, Eric Rodriguez-Whitney, Jesenia Robles","doi":"10.1017/S1742058X22000133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X22000133","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It matters how people view the police—and that there is a substantial racial gap in these views. Research has primarily focused on police experiences to explain generally less-positive views among Black Americans. We recommend a subtle but vital shift in focus, seeking instead to explain the remarkably more favorable average views about the police among White Americans. Utilizing comparable data from two 2016 American National Election Studies surveys, we explore the role of contact with the police, politics, and three different dimensions of racial attitudes and views, finding views about the police among White Americans to be shaped in primary ways by concerns about Black Americans. These factors, and racial resentment in particular, explain a significant portion of the average difference in views of the police between Black and White Americans. We discuss the implications of this subtle shift in focus, particularly for work which sets positive views about the police as the goal.","PeriodicalId":47158,"journal":{"name":"Du Bois Review-Social Science Research on Race","volume":"20 1","pages":"57 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47361254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00778-9
Ananya Das, Evgeny V Kundelev, Anna A Vedernikova, Sergei A Cherevkov, Denis V Danilov, Aleksandra V Koroleva, Evgeniy V Zhizhin, Anton N Tsypkin, Aleksandr P Litvin, Alexander V Baranov, Anatoly V Fedorov, Elena V Ushakova, Andrey L Rogach
Carbon dots (CDs) are light-emitting nanoparticles that show great promise for applications in biology and medicine due to the ease of fabrication, biocompatibility, and attractive optical properties. Optical chirality, on the other hand, is an intrinsic feature inherent in many objects in nature, and it can play an important role in the formation of artificial complexes based on CDs that are implemented for enantiomer recognition, site-specific bonding, etc. We employed a one-step hydrothermal synthesis to produce chiral CDs from the commonly used precursors citric acid and ethylenediamine together with a set of different chiral precursors, namely, L-isomers of cysteine, glutathione, phenylglycine, and tryptophan. The resulting CDs consisted of O,N-doped (and also S-doped, in some cases) carbonized cores with surfaces rich in amide and hydroxyl groups; they exhibited high photoluminescence quantum yields reaching 57%, chiral optical signals in the UV and visible spectral regions, and two-photon absorption. Chiral signals of CDs were rather complex and originated from a combination of the chiral precursors attached to the CD surface, hybridization of lower-energy levels of chiral chromophores formed within CDs, and intrinsic chirality of the CD cores. Using DFT analysis, we showed how incorporation of the chiral precursors at the optical centers induced a strong response in their circular dichroism spectra. The optical characteristics of these CDs, which can easily be dispersed in solvents of different polarities, remained stable during pH changes in the environment and after UV exposure for more than 400 min, which opens a wide range of bio-applications.
碳点（CD）是一种发光纳米粒子，由于易于制造、具有生物相容性和诱人的光学特性，它在生物和医学领域的应用前景十分广阔。另一方面，光学手性是自然界中许多物体的固有特征，它在基于 CD 的人工复合物的形成过程中可以发挥重要作用，这些复合物可用于对映体识别、特定位点结合等。我们采用一步水热合成法，从常用的前体柠檬酸和乙二胺以及一组不同的手性前体（即半胱氨酸、谷胱甘肽、苯甘氨酸和色氨酸的 L-异构体）中制备出手性 CD。生成的 CD 由掺杂 O、N（有时也掺杂 S）的碳化核心组成，表面富含酰胺基和羟基；它们的光致发光量子产率高达 57%，在紫外和可见光谱区具有手性光学信号和双光子吸收。CD 的手性信号相当复杂，来源于附着在 CD 表面的手性前体、CD 内形成的手性发色团的低能级杂化以及 CD 内核的固有手性。通过 DFT 分析，我们展示了在光学中心加入手性前体如何在其圆二色性光谱中引起强烈反应。这些光盘可以很容易地分散在不同极性的溶剂中，其光学特性在环境的 pH 值变化和紫外线照射超过 400 分钟后仍然保持稳定，这为其在生物领域的应用开辟了广阔的前景。
{"title":"Revealing the nature of optical activity in carbon dots produced from different chiral precursor molecules.","authors":"Ananya Das, Evgeny V Kundelev, Anna A Vedernikova, Sergei A Cherevkov, Denis V Danilov, Aleksandra V Koroleva, Evgeniy V Zhizhin, Anton N Tsypkin, Aleksandr P Litvin, Alexander V Baranov, Anatoly V Fedorov, Elena V Ushakova, Andrey L Rogach","doi":"10.1038/s41377-022-00778-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41377-022-00778-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon dots (CDs) are light-emitting nanoparticles that show great promise for applications in biology and medicine due to the ease of fabrication, biocompatibility, and attractive optical properties. Optical chirality, on the other hand, is an intrinsic feature inherent in many objects in nature, and it can play an important role in the formation of artificial complexes based on CDs that are implemented for enantiomer recognition, site-specific bonding, etc. We employed a one-step hydrothermal synthesis to produce chiral CDs from the commonly used precursors citric acid and ethylenediamine together with a set of different chiral precursors, namely, L-isomers of cysteine, glutathione, phenylglycine, and tryptophan. The resulting CDs consisted of O,N-doped (and also S-doped, in some cases) carbonized cores with surfaces rich in amide and hydroxyl groups; they exhibited high photoluminescence quantum yields reaching 57%, chiral optical signals in the UV and visible spectral regions, and two-photon absorption. Chiral signals of CDs were rather complex and originated from a combination of the chiral precursors attached to the CD surface, hybridization of lower-energy levels of chiral chromophores formed within CDs, and intrinsic chirality of the CD cores. Using DFT analysis, we showed how incorporation of the chiral precursors at the optical centers induced a strong response in their circular dichroism spectra. The optical characteristics of these CDs, which can easily be dispersed in solvents of different polarities, remained stable during pH changes in the environment and after UV exposure for more than 400 min, which opens a wide range of bio-applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":47158,"journal":{"name":"Du Bois Review-Social Science Research on Race","volume":"17 1","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9001697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75447407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-04DOI: 10.1017/S1742058X22000091
R. A. Smith
Abstract This article extends Michael L. Radelet’s 1989 study of rare cases in which Whites have been executed for committing capital crimes against Blacks to include an assessment of White executions involving Latinx and Asian victims. The threefold aim is to (1) establish the frequency of such rare cases, and (2) explore the extent to which status characteristics (beyond race, ethnicity or gender) are present for these rare events; and (3) offer social dominance theory as a viable explanation for the patterns found in the data. An analysis of unique data from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice shows that out of 570 executions imposed between April 1982 and July 2020, only six cases led to the execution of Whites for crimes against Blacks (1.1%), sixteen cases for crimes against Hispanics (2.8%), and one case for crimes against an Asian American (0.18%). Beyond the minority status of the victim, two or more status markers were present when Whites were executed for crimes against people of color. The results, which are consistent with expectations drawn from social dominance theory, highlight the differential value placed on minority lives and call into question the legitimacy of the death penalty in the United States.
{"title":"The Execution of Whites for Crimes Against Ethnoracial Minorities","authors":"R. A. Smith","doi":"10.1017/S1742058X22000091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X22000091","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article extends Michael L. Radelet’s 1989 study of rare cases in which Whites have been executed for committing capital crimes against Blacks to include an assessment of White executions involving Latinx and Asian victims. The threefold aim is to (1) establish the frequency of such rare cases, and (2) explore the extent to which status characteristics (beyond race, ethnicity or gender) are present for these rare events; and (3) offer social dominance theory as a viable explanation for the patterns found in the data. An analysis of unique data from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice shows that out of 570 executions imposed between April 1982 and July 2020, only six cases led to the execution of Whites for crimes against Blacks (1.1%), sixteen cases for crimes against Hispanics (2.8%), and one case for crimes against an Asian American (0.18%). Beyond the minority status of the victim, two or more status markers were present when Whites were executed for crimes against people of color. The results, which are consistent with expectations drawn from social dominance theory, highlight the differential value placed on minority lives and call into question the legitimacy of the death penalty in the United States.","PeriodicalId":47158,"journal":{"name":"Du Bois Review-Social Science Research on Race","volume":"19 1","pages":"233 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48268797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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