Abstract:Advances in data infrastructure are often led by disciplinary initiatives aimed at innovation in federation and sharing of data and related research materials. In library and information science (LIS), the data services area has focused on data curation and stewardship to support description and deposit of data for access, reuse, and preservation. At the same time, solutions to societal grand challenges are thought to lie in convergence research, characterized by a problem-focused orientation and deep cross-disciplinary integration, requiring access to highly varied data sources with differing resolutions or scales. We argue that data curation and stewardship work in LIS should expand to foster convergence research based on a robust understanding of the dynamics of disciplinary and interdisciplinary research methods and practices. Highlighting unique contributions by Dr. Linda C. Smith to the field of LIS, we outline how her work illuminates problems that are core to current directions in convergence research. Drawing on advances in data infrastructure in the earth and geosciences and trends in qualitative domains, we emphasize the importance of metastructures and the necessary influence of disciplinary practice on principles, standards, and provisions for ethical use across the evolving data ecosystem.
{"title":"Curating for Convergence: Data Stewardship for Interdisciplinary Inquiry","authors":"C. Palmer, M. Cragin","doi":"10.1353/lib.2023.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2023.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Advances in data infrastructure are often led by disciplinary initiatives aimed at innovation in federation and sharing of data and related research materials. In library and information science (LIS), the data services area has focused on data curation and stewardship to support description and deposit of data for access, reuse, and preservation. At the same time, solutions to societal grand challenges are thought to lie in convergence research, characterized by a problem-focused orientation and deep cross-disciplinary integration, requiring access to highly varied data sources with differing resolutions or scales. We argue that data curation and stewardship work in LIS should expand to foster convergence research based on a robust understanding of the dynamics of disciplinary and interdisciplinary research methods and practices. Highlighting unique contributions by Dr. Linda C. Smith to the field of LIS, we outline how her work illuminates problems that are core to current directions in convergence research. Drawing on advances in data infrastructure in the earth and geosciences and trends in qualitative domains, we emphasize the importance of metastructures and the necessary influence of disciplinary practice on principles, standards, and provisions for ethical use across the evolving data ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":47175,"journal":{"name":"Library Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46904814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article argues that if libraries are to take leadership in conversations about the ethics and application of machine learning (ML) to cultural materials, they must move beyond the "perpetual future tense" of most library ML proposals and experiments, narrowing the gap separating promises that ML will enhance discoverability for library materials and the library systems through which most users encounter those materials. Even as ML methods have grown more powerful, nuanced, and sophisticated, ambitious hopes that ML might help better identify and describe vast library collections have been largely unmet, at least from the perspective of library patrons, researchers, and students. To address this gap, the article argues that libraries and ML researchers should work together to develop iterative, experimental, and even speculative interfaces that allow users to explore collections through ML-derived patterns that can enhance library data while educating users about ML processes, decisions, and biases.
{"title":"Closing the Loop: Bridging Machine Learning (ML) Research and Library Systems","authors":"Ryan Cordell","doi":"10.1353/lib.2023.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2023.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article argues that if libraries are to take leadership in conversations about the ethics and application of machine learning (ML) to cultural materials, they must move beyond the \"perpetual future tense\" of most library ML proposals and experiments, narrowing the gap separating promises that ML will enhance discoverability for library materials and the library systems through which most users encounter those materials. Even as ML methods have grown more powerful, nuanced, and sophisticated, ambitious hopes that ML might help better identify and describe vast library collections have been largely unmet, at least from the perspective of library patrons, researchers, and students. To address this gap, the article argues that libraries and ML researchers should work together to develop iterative, experimental, and even speculative interfaces that allow users to explore collections through ML-derived patterns that can enhance library data while educating users about ML processes, decisions, and biases.","PeriodicalId":47175,"journal":{"name":"Library Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44238497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Since the advent of the web, libraries have seen a steady decline in the number of questions being asked at the reference desk, especially for ready reference questions requiring brief, factual answers. Reference work has moved away from ready reference questions to emphasize in-depth research consultations, information literacy instruction, and curating online collections and patron guides. As library and information science education evolves to keep pace with the changes in reference work, traditional "sources" assignments in which students seek answers to factual questions do not adequately reflect the work of contemporary reference librarians. At the same time, knowledge of reference sources and search skills are still valued by practitioners. LIS instructors teaching reference courses must develop new learning activities and assignments to help students develop the source evaluation, selection, and search skills needed for contemporary reference work.
{"title":"\"The Teaching of Reference Must Keep Pace\": Teaching Sources and Searching in an Evolving Reference Environment","authors":"Melissa A. Wong","doi":"10.1353/lib.2023.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2023.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Since the advent of the web, libraries have seen a steady decline in the number of questions being asked at the reference desk, especially for ready reference questions requiring brief, factual answers. Reference work has moved away from ready reference questions to emphasize in-depth research consultations, information literacy instruction, and curating online collections and patron guides. As library and information science education evolves to keep pace with the changes in reference work, traditional \"sources\" assignments in which students seek answers to factual questions do not adequately reflect the work of contemporary reference librarians. At the same time, knowledge of reference sources and search skills are still valued by practitioners. LIS instructors teaching reference courses must develop new learning activities and assignments to help students develop the source evaluation, selection, and search skills needed for contemporary reference work.","PeriodicalId":47175,"journal":{"name":"Library Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49196279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article locates library and information science (LIS) program accreditation in a professional and sociological context and describes past, current, and future initiatives to ensure that accreditation standards and procedures acknowledge, assess, and support the skills, knowledge, and attitudes that LIS professionals need. The author has worked closely with Dr. Smith on the American Library Association (ALA) Committee on Accreditation.
{"title":"LIS Accreditation: Why and What Next?","authors":"Rachel Applegate","doi":"10.1353/lib.2023.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2023.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article locates library and information science (LIS) program accreditation in a professional and sociological context and describes past, current, and future initiatives to ensure that accreditation standards and procedures acknowledge, assess, and support the skills, knowledge, and attitudes that LIS professionals need. The author has worked closely with Dr. Smith on the American Library Association (ALA) Committee on Accreditation.","PeriodicalId":47175,"journal":{"name":"Library Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45196990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The Copyright Alternative in Small Claims Enforcement (CASE) Act of 2019 became law at the end of 2020. While it purports to offer a simpler process for settling certain copyright matters, its processes are complex. This article examines those processes and discusses the benefits and limitations of the new law. The new Copyright Claims Board began operations in early summer of 2022. While the CASE Act can affect all copyright holders and users of material protected by copyright, its greatest impact may be on service providers. When an educational institution or library acts as a service provider and follows the removal or disabling processes under section 512 of the copyright law, several consequences result. This may increase the involvement of those entities in the section 512 removal and disabling requests and other processes.
{"title":"Navigating the Copyright Alternative in Small Claims Enforcement (CASE) Act in an Education and Library Environment","authors":"T. Lipinski","doi":"10.1353/lib.2023.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2023.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Copyright Alternative in Small Claims Enforcement (CASE) Act of 2019 became law at the end of 2020. While it purports to offer a simpler process for settling certain copyright matters, its processes are complex. This article examines those processes and discusses the benefits and limitations of the new law. The new Copyright Claims Board began operations in early summer of 2022. While the CASE Act can affect all copyright holders and users of material protected by copyright, its greatest impact may be on service providers. When an educational institution or library acts as a service provider and follows the removal or disabling processes under section 512 of the copyright law, several consequences result. This may increase the involvement of those entities in the section 512 removal and disabling requests and other processes.","PeriodicalId":47175,"journal":{"name":"Library Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42888463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Renaissance Scholar of Library and Information Science: Professor Linda C. Smith","authors":"A. Coleman, Martha Kyrillidou","doi":"10.1353/lib.2023.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2023.0000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47175,"journal":{"name":"Library Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44891010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This work examines the modeling of serial publications in Anglo-American cataloging practice from the cataloging codes of the nineteenth century to the IFLA Library Reference Model, focusing on the challenges and implications of the various models. Its coverage moves from the models implicit in earlier cataloging codes, through the explicit models extracted from catalog records in the late twentieth century, to current models that attempt to align with models in neighboring domains. Some complementary and competing models from outside of library cataloging are also included. Then, it addresses the evolving impact of online serials and their displacement of their print analogs as a "canonical" version. It, then, finishes with a modest proposal for realigning the modeling of serials with that of other bibliographic resources.
{"title":"Modeling of Serials","authors":"Ed Jones","doi":"10.1353/lib.2023.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2023.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This work examines the modeling of serial publications in Anglo-American cataloging practice from the cataloging codes of the nineteenth century to the IFLA Library Reference Model, focusing on the challenges and implications of the various models. Its coverage moves from the models implicit in earlier cataloging codes, through the explicit models extracted from catalog records in the late twentieth century, to current models that attempt to align with models in neighboring domains. Some complementary and competing models from outside of library cataloging are also included. Then, it addresses the evolving impact of online serials and their displacement of their print analogs as a \"canonical\" version. It, then, finishes with a modest proposal for realigning the modeling of serials with that of other bibliographic resources.","PeriodicalId":47175,"journal":{"name":"Library Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44439585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Professor emerita Linda C. Smith designed a plan of study including her bachelor's degree, various master's degrees, a PhD, and a certificate along with practical experience that prepared her for her career as a library and information science (LIS) educator, researcher, and administrator. The pairing of a deep respect and admiration for content and delivery is the common thread that weaves reliably across Smith's fifty years in LIS as an innovator, educator, and researcher. All that she has initiated and accomplished across that time and moving forward can also be said to be "by design"—a potent mix of experience, anticipation, an eye for identifying what is missing, and a determination to doggedly research and implement an elegant "fix" for addressing that gap. This paper explores the common thread of Smith's innovations as a LIS educator, tracing her past and continuing influence on the evolution of LIS curriculum content and delivery, and where it is reflected in, even predicted for contemporary and future graduate programs in information. Suggesting a tenet of design thinking, the authors examine Smith's career path and many contributions to confirm that one can get here from there.
{"title":"Linda C. Smith: Fifty Years of Library and Information Science Education by Design","authors":"L. Howarth, E. Abels","doi":"10.1353/lib.2023.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2023.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Professor emerita Linda C. Smith designed a plan of study including her bachelor's degree, various master's degrees, a PhD, and a certificate along with practical experience that prepared her for her career as a library and information science (LIS) educator, researcher, and administrator. The pairing of a deep respect and admiration for content and delivery is the common thread that weaves reliably across Smith's fifty years in LIS as an innovator, educator, and researcher. All that she has initiated and accomplished across that time and moving forward can also be said to be \"by design\"—a potent mix of experience, anticipation, an eye for identifying what is missing, and a determination to doggedly research and implement an elegant \"fix\" for addressing that gap. This paper explores the common thread of Smith's innovations as a LIS educator, tracing her past and continuing influence on the evolution of LIS curriculum content and delivery, and where it is reflected in, even predicted for contemporary and future graduate programs in information. Suggesting a tenet of design thinking, the authors examine Smith's career path and many contributions to confirm that one can get here from there.","PeriodicalId":47175,"journal":{"name":"Library Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44091327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Searching is basic to all work with books. Often routine and obvious, it can also be laborious, problematical, time-consuming, and dependent on special skills, expertise, and insights. It requires a knowledge of bibliographical sources, often uncommon, idiosyncratic, and unusual in their citation practices. Above all, especially when it is difficult, it can be a learning experience.
{"title":"Miranda's Quest","authors":"D. Krummel","doi":"10.1353/lib.2023.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2023.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Searching is basic to all work with books. Often routine and obvious, it can also be laborious, problematical, time-consuming, and dependent on special skills, expertise, and insights. It requires a knowledge of bibliographical sources, often uncommon, idiosyncratic, and unusual in their citation practices. Above all, especially when it is difficult, it can be a learning experience.","PeriodicalId":47175,"journal":{"name":"Library Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47121078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
First advanced in the field of psychology by Martin Seligman, positive psychology is the scientific study of what makes life most worth living, focusing on both individual and societal well-being (Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi 2000). [...]since at least the late 1980s, glimmers of the concept of joy have been found in the LIS literature, though these writings employed varying terminology and diverse conceptualizations over the decades. [...]he is the author of a chapter on "Joy" in The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology (2009). [...]the paper "Informed by Joy: A Christian Librarian's Reflection on C.S. Lewis" sees David Michels immersing himself in the information world of C. S. Lewis and exploring the role of information in both Lewis's and Michels's own lives of faith.
积极心理学首先由Martin Seligman在心理学领域提出，积极心理学是一门研究什么使生活最有价值的科学，关注个人和社会福祉(Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi 2000)。[…至少从20世纪80年代末开始，在美国文学作品中就发现了快乐概念的曙光，尽管这些作品在过去的几十年里使用了不同的术语和不同的概念。[…他是《积极心理学百科全书》(2009)中关于“快乐”一章的作者。[…在《快乐的启示:一个基督徒图书管理员对C.S.刘易斯的反思》一文中，大卫·米歇尔斯将自己沉浸在C.S.刘易斯的信息世界中，并探索了信息在刘易斯和米歇尔自己的信仰生活中所扮演的角色。
{"title":"Introduction","authors":"J. Hartel, Hailey Siracky","doi":"10.1353/lib.2022.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2022.0008","url":null,"abstract":"First advanced in the field of psychology by Martin Seligman, positive psychology is the scientific study of what makes life most worth living, focusing on both individual and societal well-being (Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi 2000). [...]since at least the late 1980s, glimmers of the concept of joy have been found in the LIS literature, though these writings employed varying terminology and diverse conceptualizations over the decades. [...]he is the author of a chapter on \"Joy\" in The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology (2009). [...]the paper \"Informed by Joy: A Christian Librarian's Reflection on C.S. Lewis\" sees David Michels immersing himself in the information world of C. S. Lewis and exploring the role of information in both Lewis's and Michels's own lives of faith.","PeriodicalId":47175,"journal":{"name":"Library Trends","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44891568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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