None Kumur John Haganawiga, None Surya Kant Pal, None Anu Sirohi, None Varsha Rathi
Despite overall improvements in child health and survival, gender discrepancies persist, reflecting complex interactions among socio-cultural norms, healthcare access, and socioeconomic conditions. This research paper focuses on the gender-based discrepancy in infant mortality rates in Nigeria. This paper aims to explore the elements prompting gender-based discrepancies in infant mortality. For the objective of the study, records from the NDHS 2018 were obtained. Log-rank test at level of significance was used to ascertain the factors influencing gender-based discrepancies in infant mortality. The findings of this study depict higher risk among males than females in all the variables under study with an exception of maternal age groups 35-39 (50.36%) and 40-49 (50.25%,) which depict the risk of infant mortality is higher among female infants than males. The relationship between gender and mortality can vary based on factors such as maternal age, maternal education, breastfeeding, and antenatal visits. These emphasize the need for targeted interventions and policies to address the underlying causes of gender-based discrepancies in infant mortality and to improve the health outcomes of all infants in Nigeria.
{"title":"Gender Discrepancy in Infant Mortality in Nigeria: Evidence from NDHS Data 2018","authors":"None Kumur John Haganawiga, None Surya Kant Pal, None Anu Sirohi, None Varsha Rathi","doi":"10.56801/jmasm.v22.i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56801/jmasm.v22.i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Despite overall improvements in child health and survival, gender discrepancies persist, reflecting complex interactions among socio-cultural norms, healthcare access, and socioeconomic conditions. This research paper focuses on the gender-based discrepancy in infant mortality rates in Nigeria. This paper aims to explore the elements prompting gender-based discrepancies in infant mortality. For the objective of the study, records from the NDHS 2018 were obtained. Log-rank test at level of significance was used to ascertain the factors influencing gender-based discrepancies in infant mortality. The findings of this study depict higher risk among males than females in all the variables under study with an exception of maternal age groups 35-39 (50.36%) and 40-49 (50.25%,) which depict the risk of infant mortality is higher among female infants than males. The relationship between gender and mortality can vary based on factors such as maternal age, maternal education, breastfeeding, and antenatal visits. These emphasize the need for targeted interventions and policies to address the underlying causes of gender-based discrepancies in infant mortality and to improve the health outcomes of all infants in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":47201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135423462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to use Monte Carlo method to detect the most precise and least biased effect sizes calculations in a variety of conditions. The results show that there is no big difference to obtain effect sizes of using mean difference or trimmed mean difference as denominator. Cohen’s dA proves to be the less unbiased but more precise across all the conditions in Welch t test. It is worthwhile to notice that Hedges’ g remains the same as Cohen’s dP across all the conditions of Welch t test. When group sample sizes are equal, no matter which population effect size formula are applied, Cohen’s dA, Cohen’s dP, and Hedges’ g are the same estimates given the bias statistics.
{"title":"Which Effect Size Calculation is the Best to Estimate the Population Effect Size in the Welch T Test?","authors":"None Yi Zhou, None Xinyue Ren, None Gordon Brooks","doi":"10.56801/jmasm.v22.i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56801/jmasm.v22.i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to use Monte Carlo method to detect the most precise and least biased effect sizes calculations in a variety of conditions. The results show that there is no big difference to obtain effect sizes of using mean difference or trimmed mean difference as denominator. Cohen’s dA proves to be the less unbiased but more precise across all the conditions in Welch t test. It is worthwhile to notice that Hedges’ g remains the same as Cohen’s dP across all the conditions of Welch t test. When group sample sizes are equal, no matter which population effect size formula are applied, Cohen’s dA, Cohen’s dP, and Hedges’ g are the same estimates given the bias statistics.","PeriodicalId":47201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135423463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-13DOI: 10.22237/jmasm/1608552540
Mohd. Arshad, Qazi J. Azhad
A general family of distributions, namely Kumaraswamy generalized family of (Kw-G) distribution, is considered for estimation of the unknown parameters and reliability function based on record data from Kw-G distribution. The maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) are derived for unknown parameters and reliability function, along with its confidence intervals. A Bayesian study is carried out under symmetric and asymmetric loss functions in order to find the Bayes estimators for unknown parameters and reliability function. Future record values are predicted using Bayesian approach and non Bayesian approach, based on numerical examples and a monte carlo simulation.
{"title":"Does the Type of Records Affect the Estimates of the Parameters?","authors":"Mohd. Arshad, Qazi J. Azhad","doi":"10.22237/jmasm/1608552540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1608552540","url":null,"abstract":"A general family of distributions, namely Kumaraswamy generalized family of (Kw-G) distribution, is considered for estimation of the unknown parameters and reliability function based on record data from Kw-G distribution. The maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) are derived for unknown parameters and reliability function, along with its confidence intervals. A Bayesian study is carried out under symmetric and asymmetric loss functions in order to find the Bayes estimators for unknown parameters and reliability function. Future record values are predicted using Bayesian approach and non Bayesian approach, based on numerical examples and a monte carlo simulation.","PeriodicalId":47201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47422101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-11DOI: 10.22237/jmasm/1608552300
Ayush Tripathi, U. Singh, S. Singh
The maximum likelihood estimation of the unknown parameters of inverse Rayleigh and exponential distributions are discussed based on lower and upper records. The aim is to study the effect of the type of records on the behavior of the corresponding estimators. Mean squared errors are calculated through simulation to study the behavior of the estimators. The results shall be of interest to those situations where the data can be obtained in the form of either of the two types of records and the experimenter must decide between these two for estimation of the unknown parameters of the distribution.
{"title":"Does the Type of Records Affect the Estimates of the Parameters?","authors":"Ayush Tripathi, U. Singh, S. Singh","doi":"10.22237/jmasm/1608552300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1608552300","url":null,"abstract":"The maximum likelihood estimation of the unknown parameters of inverse Rayleigh and exponential distributions are discussed based on lower and upper records. The aim is to study the effect of the type of records on the behavior of the corresponding estimators. Mean squared errors are calculated through simulation to study the behavior of the estimators. The results shall be of interest to those situations where the data can be obtained in the form of either of the two types of records and the experimenter must decide between these two for estimation of the unknown parameters of the distribution.","PeriodicalId":47201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68275924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-07DOI: 10.22237/jmasm/1608552240
Jaffer Hussain, S. Balamurali, M. Aslam
The design of a Skip-lot sampling plan of type SkSP-R is presented for time truncated life test for the Weibull, Exponentiated Weibull, and Birnbaum-Saunders lifetime distributions. The plan parameters of the SkSP-R plan under these three distributions are determined through a nonlinear optimization problem. Tables are also constructed for each distribution. The advantages of the proposed plan over the existing sampling schemes are discussed. Application of the proposed plan is explained with the help of an example. The Birnbaum-Saunders distribution is economically superior to other two distributions in terms of minimum average sample number.
{"title":"Design of SkSP-R Plan for Popular Statistical Distributions","authors":"Jaffer Hussain, S. Balamurali, M. Aslam","doi":"10.22237/jmasm/1608552240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1608552240","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a Skip-lot sampling plan of type SkSP-R is presented for time truncated life test for the Weibull, Exponentiated Weibull, and Birnbaum-Saunders lifetime distributions. The plan parameters of the SkSP-R plan under these three distributions are determined through a nonlinear optimization problem. Tables are also constructed for each distribution. The advantages of the proposed plan over the existing sampling schemes are discussed. Application of the proposed plan is explained with the help of an example. The Birnbaum-Saunders distribution is economically superior to other two distributions in terms of minimum average sample number.","PeriodicalId":47201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48194937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-06DOI: 10.22237/jmasm/1619482260
M. Sabry, H. Muhammed, Mostafa Shaaban, Abd El Hady Nabih
In this paper, the likelihood function for parameter estimation based on double ranked set sampling (DRSS) schemes is introduced. The proposed likelihood function is used for the estimation of the Weibull distribution parameters. The maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) are investigated and compared to the corresponding ones based on simple random sampling (SRS) and ranked set sampling (RSS) schemes. A Monte Carlo simulation is conducted and the absolute relative biases, mean square errors, and efficiencies are compared for the different schemes. It is found that, the MLEs based on DRSS is more efficient than MLE using SRS and RSS for estimating the two parameters of the Weibull distribution (WD).
{"title":"Parameter Estimation Based on Double Ranked Set Samples with Applications to Weibull Distribution","authors":"M. Sabry, H. Muhammed, Mostafa Shaaban, Abd El Hady Nabih","doi":"10.22237/jmasm/1619482260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1619482260","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the likelihood function for parameter estimation based on double ranked set sampling (DRSS) schemes is introduced. The proposed likelihood function is used for the estimation of the Weibull distribution parameters. The maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) are investigated and compared to the corresponding ones based on simple random sampling (SRS) and ranked set sampling (RSS) schemes. A Monte Carlo simulation is conducted and the absolute relative biases, mean square errors, and efficiencies are compared for the different schemes. It is found that, the MLEs based on DRSS is more efficient than MLE using SRS and RSS for estimating the two parameters of the Weibull distribution (WD).","PeriodicalId":47201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47762633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-03DOI: 10.22237/jmasm/1619482080
S. Mirzaei, Payam Noor
This paper uses inequality-measurement techniques to assess goodness of fit in income distribution models. It exposes the shortcomings of the use of conventional goodness of fit criteria in face of the big income data and proposes a new set of metrics, based on income inequality curves. In this note, we mentioned that the distance between theoretical and empirical inequality curves can be considered as a goodness of fit criterion. We demonstrate certain advantages of this measure over the other general goodness of fit criteria. Unlike other goodness of fit measures, this criterion is bounded. It is 0 in minimum difference and 1 in maximum distance. Furthermore, there is a consistency between this new goodness of fit measure and the other conventional criteria. A simulation study based on fitted distribution to real income data is performed in order to investigate some statistical properties of the new goodness of fit measure. An empirical study and comparisons are also provided.
{"title":"A New Goodness of Fit Measure Based on Income Inequality Curves","authors":"S. Mirzaei, Payam Noor","doi":"10.22237/jmasm/1619482080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1619482080","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses inequality-measurement techniques to assess goodness of fit in income distribution models. It exposes the shortcomings of the use of conventional goodness of fit criteria in face of the big income data and proposes a new set of metrics, based on income inequality curves. In this note, we mentioned that the distance between theoretical and empirical inequality curves can be considered as a goodness of fit criterion. We demonstrate certain advantages of this measure over the other general goodness of fit criteria. Unlike other goodness of fit measures, this criterion is bounded. It is 0 in minimum difference and 1 in maximum distance. Furthermore, there is a consistency between this new goodness of fit measure and the other conventional criteria. A simulation study based on fitted distribution to real income data is performed in order to investigate some statistical properties of the new goodness of fit measure. An empirical study and comparisons are also provided.","PeriodicalId":47201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43187179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.22237/jmasm/1619482020
S. Maurya, S. Singh, U. Singh
In this article, we have studied the behavior of estimators of parameter of a new lifetime model, suggested by Maurya et al. (2016), obtained by using methods of moments, maximum likelihood, maximum product spacing, least squares, weighted least squares, percentile, Cramer-von-Mises, Anderson-Darling and Right-tailed Anderson-Darling. Comparison of the estimators has been done on the basis of their mean square errors, biases, absolute and maximum absolute differences between empirical and estimated distribution function and a newly proposed criterion. We have also obtained the asymptomatic confidence interval and associated coverage probability for the parameter.
在这篇文章中，我们研究了Maurya等人提出的一种新的寿命模型的参数估计量的行为。（2016），通过使用矩、最大似然、最大乘积间距、最小二乘、加权最小二乘、百分位数、Cramer von Mises、Anderson Darling和右尾Anderson Darlin的方法获得。根据它们的均方误差、偏差、经验分布函数和估计分布函数之间的绝对差和最大绝对差以及一个新提出的准则，对估计量进行了比较。我们还获得了该参数的无症状置信区间和相关的覆盖概率。
{"title":"Comparative Study of New and Traditional Estimators of a New Lifetime Model","authors":"S. Maurya, S. Singh, U. Singh","doi":"10.22237/jmasm/1619482020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1619482020","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we have studied the behavior of estimators of parameter of a new lifetime model, suggested by Maurya et al. (2016), obtained by using methods of moments, maximum likelihood, maximum product spacing, least squares, weighted least squares, percentile, Cramer-von-Mises, Anderson-Darling and Right-tailed Anderson-Darling. Comparison of the estimators has been done on the basis of their mean square errors, biases, absolute and maximum absolute differences between empirical and estimated distribution function and a newly proposed criterion. We have also obtained the asymptomatic confidence interval and associated coverage probability for the parameter.","PeriodicalId":47201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49411460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-08DOI: 10.22237/jmasm/1619481840
A. Hassan, Saeed E. Hemeda, S. G. Nassr
In this study, an extended exponentiated Pareto distribution is proposed. Some statistical properties are derived. We consider maximum likelihood, least squares, weighted least squares and Bayesian estimators. A simulation study is implemented for investigating the accuracy of different estimators. An application of the proposed distribution to a real data is presented.
{"title":"On the Extension of Exponentiated Pareto Distribution","authors":"A. Hassan, Saeed E. Hemeda, S. G. Nassr","doi":"10.22237/jmasm/1619481840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1619481840","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, an extended exponentiated Pareto distribution is proposed. Some statistical properties are derived. We consider maximum likelihood, least squares, weighted least squares and Bayesian estimators. A simulation study is implemented for investigating the accuracy of different estimators. An application of the proposed distribution to a real data is presented.","PeriodicalId":47201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45062496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.22237/jmasm/1608553740
E. A. El-Sherpieny, S. Assar, Tamer S. Helal
A new method for generating family of distributions was proposed. Some fundamental properties of the new proposed family include the quantile, survival function, hazard rate function, reversed hazard and cumulative hazard rate functions are provided. This family contains several new models as sub models, such as the Weibull exponential model which was defined and discussed its properties. The maximum likelihood method of estimation is using to estimate the model parameters of the new proposed family. The flexibility and the importance of the Weibull-exponential model is assessed by applying it to a real data set and comparing it with other known models.
{"title":"A New Generating Family of Distributions: Properties and Applications to the Weibull Exponential Model","authors":"E. A. El-Sherpieny, S. Assar, Tamer S. Helal","doi":"10.22237/jmasm/1608553740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1608553740","url":null,"abstract":"A new method for generating family of distributions was proposed. Some fundamental properties of the new proposed family include the quantile, survival function, hazard rate function, reversed hazard and cumulative hazard rate functions are provided. This family contains several new models as sub models, such as the Weibull exponential model which was defined and discussed its properties. The maximum likelihood method of estimation is using to estimate the model parameters of the new proposed family. The flexibility and the importance of the Weibull-exponential model is assessed by applying it to a real data set and comparing it with other known models.","PeriodicalId":47201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48231909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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