Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation最新文献_第6页

Effects of postsecondary education on employment outcomes of youth with specific learning disabilities: A propensity score matching approach 专上教育对特殊学习障碍青年就业结果的影响:倾向得分匹配方法

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230006

Jian Li, P. Rumrill, Kanako Iwanaga, Han Zhang, Fong Chan, D. Strauser

BACKGROUND: Helping young adults with specific learning disabilities (SLD) attend college increases their chances of joining the workforce, which helps protect them from the negative effects of unemployment. OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether receiving vocational rehabilitation (VR) services of four-year college or university training would lead to improved employment outcomes for young adults with SLD. METHODS: Using the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA)-911 database, a propensity score matching technique was employed to create a comparison group of young adults with SLD who did not receive college or university training for a treatment group of those who did. The quasi-experimental design investigated differences in the employment outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS: Findings revealed that the group who received college or university training was more likely to obtain competitive employment upon exit from the VR program than the matched comparison group who did not receive the training; youth with SLD who received college or university training and had secured competitive employment at the time of exit also had significantly higher hourly wages and weekly working hours than their counterparts in the comparison group. CONCLUSION: College and university training is positively related to employment outcomes for young people with SLD. Implications for state VR counselors are also discussed.

背景:帮助有特殊学习障碍(SLD)的年轻人上大学增加了他们加入劳动力大军的机会，这有助于保护他们免受失业的负面影响。目的:本研究考察接受四年制学院或大学培训的职业康复(VR)服务是否会改善青年特殊障碍患者的就业结果。方法:使用康复服务管理局(RSA)-911数据库，采用倾向评分匹配技术创建一个没有接受过学院或大学培训的年轻SLD患者组与接受过学院或大学培训的治疗组的对照组。准实验设计调查了两组之间就业结果的差异。结果:研究结果显示，接受过大专或大学培训的群体在退出虚拟现实项目后获得竞争性就业的可能性高于未接受过培训的匹配对照组;接受过学院或大学培训并在毕业时获得了有竞争力的就业机会的患有特殊学习障碍的青年，其小时工资和每周工作时间也明显高于对照组的同龄人。结论:大学教育与特殊障碍青年的就业结果呈正相关。对国家虚拟现实顾问的影响也进行了讨论。

{"title":"Effects of postsecondary education on employment outcomes of youth with specific learning disabilities: A propensity score matching approach","authors":"Jian Li, P. Rumrill, Kanako Iwanaga, Han Zhang, Fong Chan, D. Strauser","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230006","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Helping young adults with specific learning disabilities (SLD) attend college increases their chances of joining the workforce, which helps protect them from the negative effects of unemployment. OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether receiving vocational rehabilitation (VR) services of four-year college or university training would lead to improved employment outcomes for young adults with SLD. METHODS: Using the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA)-911 database, a propensity score matching technique was employed to create a comparison group of young adults with SLD who did not receive college or university training for a treatment group of those who did. The quasi-experimental design investigated differences in the employment outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS: Findings revealed that the group who received college or university training was more likely to obtain competitive employment upon exit from the VR program than the matched comparison group who did not receive the training; youth with SLD who received college or university training and had secured competitive employment at the time of exit also had significantly higher hourly wages and weekly working hours than their counterparts in the comparison group. CONCLUSION: College and university training is positively related to employment outcomes for young people with SLD. Implications for state VR counselors are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75317904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Differences in Americans with Disabilities Act Title I discrimination allegations filed by people with learning disabilities and other disabilities 有学习障碍和其他残疾的人提出的歧视指控

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230003

Mykal J. Leslie, Emre Umucu, P. Rumrill, B. Mcmahon, Aundrea Gee Cormier

BACKGROUND: Workers with learning disabilities (LD) report many barriers to employment, including discrimination on the part of employers. OBJECTIVE: To compare the workplace discrimination experiences of workers with LD to those of people with other disabilities. METHOD: The comparison of the two groups, people with LD and people with other disabilities, concerned three factors: Characteristics of Charging Parties, Prominent Issues involving the nature of the discrimination allegation, and the outcomes of EEOC investigations at the time of case closure. An ex post facto, causal-comparative quantitative design was used to examine allegations closed following the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAA). RESULTS: Results revealed statistically significant differences in characteristics of the Charging Parties in the two groups. The LD group was significantly younger, more Caucasian, and more male than general population disabilities (GENDIS). The LD group was less African American, Latina/o, or Asian than GENDIS. Regarding the nature of allegations, the substance of allegations made by the LD group was more likely to involve matters of disability harassment, discipline, hiring, constructive discharge, training, and promotion. The LD group was less likely to file allegations involving reasonable accommodation, assignment, and layoff. CONCLUSION: Workers with learning disabilities experience high rates of employment discrimination, and the types of discrimination they experience are different than those experienced by people with other disabilities.

背景:学习障碍工作者(LD)报告了许多就业障碍，包括雇主的歧视。目的:比较残障人士与其他残障人士的工作场所歧视经历。方法:对残障人士和其他残障人士两组进行比较，涉及三个因素:指控方的特征、涉及歧视指控性质的突出问题以及案件结案时平等就业机会委员会的调查结果。事后，因果比较定量设计被用于审查2008年《美国残疾人法修正案》(ADAA)后关闭的指控。结果:两组患者充电方特征差异有统计学意义。与一般人群残疾相比，LD组明显更年轻，更多的高加索人，更多的男性。与GENDIS相比，LD组的非裔美国人、拉丁美洲人或亚洲人较少。就指控的性质而言，劳工处小组提出的指控的实质内容更可能涉及残疾人士骚扰、纪律、雇用、建设性解雇、培训和晋升等事项。LD组不太可能提出涉及合理住宿、分配和解雇的指控。结论:学习障碍者就业受歧视的比例较高，且受歧视的类型与其他障碍者不同。

{"title":"Differences in Americans with Disabilities Act Title I discrimination allegations filed by people with learning disabilities and other disabilities","authors":"Mykal J. Leslie, Emre Umucu, P. Rumrill, B. Mcmahon, Aundrea Gee Cormier","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230003","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Workers with learning disabilities (LD) report many barriers to employment, including discrimination on the part of employers. OBJECTIVE: To compare the workplace discrimination experiences of workers with LD to those of people with other disabilities. METHOD: The comparison of the two groups, people with LD and people with other disabilities, concerned three factors: Characteristics of Charging Parties, Prominent Issues involving the nature of the discrimination allegation, and the outcomes of EEOC investigations at the time of case closure. An ex post facto, causal-comparative quantitative design was used to examine allegations closed following the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAA). RESULTS: Results revealed statistically significant differences in characteristics of the Charging Parties in the two groups. The LD group was significantly younger, more Caucasian, and more male than general population disabilities (GENDIS). The LD group was less African American, Latina/o, or Asian than GENDIS. Regarding the nature of allegations, the substance of allegations made by the LD group was more likely to involve matters of disability harassment, discipline, hiring, constructive discharge, training, and promotion. The LD group was less likely to file allegations involving reasonable accommodation, assignment, and layoff. CONCLUSION: Workers with learning disabilities experience high rates of employment discrimination, and the types of discrimination they experience are different than those experienced by people with other disabilities.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89073988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Barriers to employment for young adult central nervous system tumor survivors: The role of career readiness and core self-evaluations 青年中枢神经系统肿瘤幸存者的就业障碍:职业准备和核心自我评价的作用

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230008

D. Strauser, S. Shen, Chelsea E. Brehmer, E. Fine, Cori C. Liptak

BACKGROUND: Although the majority of childhood cancer survivors make successful transitions to adulthood, research suggests that a significant group experiences ongoing medical concerns, such as psychological distress, that significantly impact the achievement of crucial social roles including employment. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between career decision making, core self-evaluations, and perceived internal and external barriers to employment in a sample of young adult central nervous system tumor survivors. METHOD: A sample of 110 young adult survivors of pediatric central nervous system tumors was surveyed. Mediation analysis with structural equational modeling was used to correlate a number of different measures (Career Decision Making [CTI], Perceived Employment Barriers [PEB], and Core-Self Evaluations [CSE]). RESULTS: The presence of both significant direct and indirect effects of career decision making on perceived employment barriers implied that there was a partial mediating effect of core self-evaluations on the association between career readiness and employment barriers. CONCLUSION: Career decision-making is a robust construct that can be applied to young adult central nervous system tumor survivors in effort to gain more insight into the vocational psychological factors that impact career development and employment in this group. Core self-evaluations was found to be a mediator between career decision making and perceived career barriers.

背景:虽然大多数儿童癌症幸存者成功地过渡到成年，但研究表明，一个重要的群体经历了持续的医疗问题，如心理困扰，这严重影响了包括就业在内的关键社会角色的实现。目的:本研究旨在探讨青年中枢神经系统肿瘤幸存者职业决策、核心自我评价与就业内外部障碍之间的关系。方法:对110例小儿中枢神经系统肿瘤的年轻成人幸存者进行调查。采用结构方程模型进行中介分析，将职业决策(CTI)、感知就业障碍(PEB)和核心自我评价(CSE)等不同测量方法联系起来。结果:职业决策对就业障碍感知的直接和间接影响均显著，表明核心自我评价在职业准备与就业障碍之间存在部分中介作用。结论:职业决策是一个稳健的结构，可以应用于青年中枢神经系统肿瘤幸存者，以进一步了解影响该群体职业发展和就业的职业心理因素。核心自我评价在职业决策与职业障碍知觉之间起中介作用。

{"title":"Barriers to employment for young adult central nervous system tumor survivors: The role of career readiness and core self-evaluations","authors":"D. Strauser, S. Shen, Chelsea E. Brehmer, E. Fine, Cori C. Liptak","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230008","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Although the majority of childhood cancer survivors make successful transitions to adulthood, research suggests that a significant group experiences ongoing medical concerns, such as psychological distress, that significantly impact the achievement of crucial social roles including employment. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between career decision making, core self-evaluations, and perceived internal and external barriers to employment in a sample of young adult central nervous system tumor survivors. METHOD: A sample of 110 young adult survivors of pediatric central nervous system tumors was surveyed. Mediation analysis with structural equational modeling was used to correlate a number of different measures (Career Decision Making [CTI], Perceived Employment Barriers [PEB], and Core-Self Evaluations [CSE]). RESULTS: The presence of both significant direct and indirect effects of career decision making on perceived employment barriers implied that there was a partial mediating effect of core self-evaluations on the association between career readiness and employment barriers. CONCLUSION: Career decision-making is a robust construct that can be applied to young adult central nervous system tumor survivors in effort to gain more insight into the vocational psychological factors that impact career development and employment in this group. Core self-evaluations was found to be a mediator between career decision making and perceived career barriers.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91201715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Access, retention, and effectiveness of individual placement and support in the US: Are there racial or ethnic differences? 在美国，个人安置和支持的获取、保留和有效性:是否存在种族或民族差异?

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230007

G. Bond, Franco Mascayano, Justin D. Metcalfe, Jarnee Riley, R. Drake

BACKGROUND: Increased federal attention to advancing racial equity and support for underserved communities suggests the need for data on racial and ethnic differences in evidence-based employment services for people with serious mental illness. Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is an evidence-based model of supported employment for this population. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to identify differences based on race and ethnicity in IPS services. METHODS: This narrative review examined the empirical literature on IPS services in the U.S., assessing evidence of differences in access, retention, and outcomes for Black and Hispanic IPS clients, relative to non-Hispanic Whites. RESULTS: We identified 12 studies examining racial and ethnic differences in access (4 studies), retention (3 studies), and effectiveness (6 studies). The findings for access to IPS were mixed, with two studies showing no differences, one finding less access for Blacks, and another finding greater access for Blacks but less access for Hispanics. Three studies found better retention rates for clients enrolled in IPS regardless of race or ethnicity. Compared to clients receiving usual vocational services, all studies found better employment outcomes for IPS clients regardless of race or ethnicity. CONCLUSION: Unlike for most of health care, few racial and ethnic differences have been found for IPS employment services in the U.S. Access to IPS is inadequate for all groups, with conflicting evidence whether Blacks and Hispanics have even less access. Based on the available evidence, Black and Hispanic clients have comparable retention and employment outcomes in IPS as non-Hispanic White clients. State and local mental health leaders responsible for monitoring IPS outcomes should routinely report statistics on race and ethnicity. They should also give active attention to client needs and equity. Research designs should answer multifaceted questions regarding disparities for historically underserved populations.

背景:联邦政府越来越重视促进种族平等和对服务不足社区的支持，这表明在为严重精神疾病患者提供的循证就业服务中，需要关于种族和民族差异的数据。个人安置和支持(IPS)是为这一人群提供就业支持的循证模式。目的:目的是确定基于种族和民族的IPS服务的差异。方法:本文回顾了美国IPS服务的实证文献，评估了与非西班牙裔白人相比，黑人和西班牙裔IPS客户在获取、保留和结果方面的差异。结果:我们确定了12项研究，研究了种族和民族在获取(4项研究)、保留(3项研究)和有效性(6项研究)方面的差异。关于获得IPS的研究结果好坏参半，有两项研究显示没有差异，一项研究发现黑人获得的机会较少，另一项研究发现黑人获得的机会较多，但西班牙裔获得的机会较少。三项研究发现，无论种族或民族，加入IPS的客户保留率更高。与接受常规职业服务的客户相比，所有研究都发现，无论种族或民族，IPS客户的就业结果都更好。结论:与大多数医疗保健不同，在美国IPS就业服务中几乎没有发现种族和民族差异，所有群体都不能充分利用IPS，黑人和西班牙裔是否更少获得IPS的证据相互矛盾。根据现有证据，黑人和西班牙裔客户在IPS的保留率和就业结果与非西班牙裔白人客户相当。负责监测IPS结果的州和地方精神卫生领导人应定期报告有关种族和族裔的统计数据。他们还应该积极关注客户的需求和公平。研究设计应该回答关于历史上服务不足人群的差异的多方面问题。

{"title":"Access, retention, and effectiveness of individual placement and support in the US: Are there racial or ethnic differences?","authors":"G. Bond, Franco Mascayano, Justin D. Metcalfe, Jarnee Riley, R. Drake","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230007","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Increased federal attention to advancing racial equity and support for underserved communities suggests the need for data on racial and ethnic differences in evidence-based employment services for people with serious mental illness. Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is an evidence-based model of supported employment for this population. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to identify differences based on race and ethnicity in IPS services. METHODS: This narrative review examined the empirical literature on IPS services in the U.S., assessing evidence of differences in access, retention, and outcomes for Black and Hispanic IPS clients, relative to non-Hispanic Whites. RESULTS: We identified 12 studies examining racial and ethnic differences in access (4 studies), retention (3 studies), and effectiveness (6 studies). The findings for access to IPS were mixed, with two studies showing no differences, one finding less access for Blacks, and another finding greater access for Blacks but less access for Hispanics. Three studies found better retention rates for clients enrolled in IPS regardless of race or ethnicity. Compared to clients receiving usual vocational services, all studies found better employment outcomes for IPS clients regardless of race or ethnicity. CONCLUSION: Unlike for most of health care, few racial and ethnic differences have been found for IPS employment services in the U.S. Access to IPS is inadequate for all groups, with conflicting evidence whether Blacks and Hispanics have even less access. Based on the available evidence, Black and Hispanic clients have comparable retention and employment outcomes in IPS as non-Hispanic White clients. State and local mental health leaders responsible for monitoring IPS outcomes should routinely report statistics on race and ethnicity. They should also give active attention to client needs and equity. Research designs should answer multifaceted questions regarding disparities for historically underserved populations.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"14 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81028941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Discounting of employment opportunities with urine drug testing requirements in opioid users enrolled in the Therapeutic Workplace. 在治疗工作场所登记的阿片类药物使用者中，有尿检要求的就业机会折扣。

IF 1.2 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230036

Haily K Traxler, Kenneth Silverman, Mikhail Koffarnus

Background: The evidence-based Therapeutic Workplace (TWP) is a promising employment-based treatment where access to work is contingent on objective evidence of abstinence from drugs. TWP is sometimes criticized for requiring individuals who use drugs to voluntarily enroll in a program requiring urine drug testing.

Objective: This experiment was conducted to assess whether urine drug testing as a condition of employment decreases the value of employment opportunities and to what degree.

Methods: Participants were unemployed, DSM-IV opioid-dependent, and enrolled in TWP. Participants completed discounting tasks assessing preference for a hypothetical job paying a constant wage that did not require urine drug testing and a job that paid a variable wage but required drug testing. The primary outcome was 'job value' operationalized as percentage wage difference to accept a job requiring urine drug testing.

Results: Percent wage difference to accept a job that required urine testing was analyzed using GEE. Results revealed a significant main effect of recent drug use (χ²(1) = 10.07, p < .01).

Conclusion: Most participants were willing to accept a urine drug-testing job across wages similar non-drug testing jobs. Participants reporting recent cocaine or heroin use were less likely to choose urine drug-testing employment.

背景：循证工作场所治疗（TWP）是一种很有前途的基于就业的治疗方法，其工作机会取决于是否有客观的戒毒证据。TWP有时因要求吸毒者自愿参加需要尿液药物测试的项目而受到批评。目的：本实验旨在评估尿液药物检测作为就业条件是否会降低就业机会的价值，以及在多大程度上会降低就业价值。方法：参与者为失业、DSM-IV阿片类药物依赖者，并加入TWP。参与者完成了贴现任务，评估他们对一份工资不变、不需要尿液药物检测的假设工作和一份工资可变但需要药物检测的工作的偏好。主要结果是“工作价值”被操作为接受需要尿液药物检测的工作的工资差异百分比。结果：使用GEE分析了接受需要尿检的工作的工资差异百分比。结果显示近期药物使用有显著的主要影响（χ2（1）=10.07，p<0.01）。结论：大多数参与者愿意接受尿液药物检测工作，工资与非药物检测工作相似。报告近期使用可卡因或海洛因的参与者不太可能选择尿液毒品检测工作。

{"title":"Discounting of employment opportunities with urine drug testing requirements in opioid users enrolled in the Therapeutic Workplace.","authors":"Haily K Traxler, Kenneth Silverman, Mikhail Koffarnus","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230036","DOIUrl":"10.3233/jvr-230036","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The evidence-based Therapeutic Workplace (TWP) is a promising employment-based treatment where access to work is contingent on objective evidence of abstinence from drugs. TWP is sometimes criticized for requiring individuals who use drugs to voluntarily enroll in a program requiring urine drug testing.Objective: This experiment was conducted to assess whether urine drug testing as a condition of employment decreases the value of employment opportunities and to what degree.Methods: Participants were unemployed, DSM-IV opioid-dependent, and enrolled in TWP. Participants completed discounting tasks assessing preference for a hypothetical job paying a constant wage that did not require urine drug testing and a job that paid a variable wage but required drug testing. The primary outcome was 'job value' operationalized as percentage wage difference to accept a job requiring urine drug testing.Results: Percent wage difference to accept a job that required urine testing was analyzed using GEE. Results revealed a significant main effect of recent drug use (χ2(1) = 10.07, p < .01).Conclusion: Most participants were willing to accept a urine drug-testing job across wages similar non-drug testing jobs. Participants reporting recent cocaine or heroin use were less likely to choose urine drug-testing employment.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"59 2","pages":"183-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10558001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41160194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vocational Rehabilitation Service Receipt, Service Expenditures, and Ruralness. 职业康复服务接收情况、服务支出和农村地区。

IF 1.2 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230043

Catherine Ipsen, Kamini Jain, Steven Stern

Background: An important factor embedded within Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) delivery capacity relates to geography, such as distance from the VR office and availability of service providers or community rehabilitation programs.

Objective: We explored receipt of VR job search and placement services based on distance to an urban center, demographic, and disability variables after controlling for local employment conditions.

Methods: Using 2015 RSA-911 case services data, we used probit to produce estimates for each combination of service and service source (agency and purchased), and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and semi-parametric regression to estimate log expenditures for each service category.

Results: Being Black or living at a long distance from a metro area increased the probability of receiving agency-based services but lowered the probability of receiving purchased services. Conversely, being older and having less education lowered the probability of receiving agency services but increased the probability of receiving purchased services. Females, Blacks, and those living at a distance greater than 50 miles from a metro area received significantly lower expenditures.

Conclusions: Systematic differences in the types of services provided call for more in-depth analysis to ensure that policies and procedures are in place to minimize sociodemographic disparities in service delivery and outcomes.

背景：职业康复（VR）服务能力中的一个重要因素与地理位置有关，例如与职业康复办公室的距离以及服务提供者或社区康复计划的可用性：在控制了当地就业条件后，我们根据与城市中心的距离、人口统计和残疾变量，探讨了接受职业康复求职和安置服务的情况：利用2015年RSA-911个案服务数据，我们使用probit对服务和服务来源（机构和购买）的每种组合进行了估算，并使用普通最小二乘法（OLS）和半参数回归对每类服务的对数支出进行了估算：结果：黑人或居住地距离都会区较远会增加接受机构服务的概率，但会降低接受购买服务的概率。相反，年龄越大、教育程度越低，接受机构服务的概率越低，但接受购买服务的概率越高。女性、黑人和居住地距离都会区超过 50 英里的人群获得的支出明显较低：提供的服务类型存在系统性差异，需要进行更深入的分析，以确保政策和程序到位，最大限度地减少服务提供和结果方面的社会人口差异。

{"title":"Vocational Rehabilitation Service Receipt, Service Expenditures, and Ruralness.","authors":"Catherine Ipsen, Kamini Jain, Steven Stern","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230043","DOIUrl":"10.3233/jvr-230043","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An important factor embedded within Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) delivery capacity relates to geography, such as distance from the VR office and availability of service providers or community rehabilitation programs.Objective: We explored receipt of VR job search and placement services based on distance to an urban center, demographic, and disability variables after controlling for local employment conditions.Methods: Using 2015 RSA-911 case services data, we used probit to produce estimates for each combination of service and service source (agency and purchased), and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and semi-parametric regression to estimate log expenditures for each service category.Results: Being Black or living at a long distance from a metro area increased the probability of receiving agency-based services but lowered the probability of receiving purchased services. Conversely, being older and having less education lowered the probability of receiving agency services but increased the probability of receiving purchased services. Females, Blacks, and those living at a distance greater than 50 miles from a metro area received significantly lower expenditures.Conclusions: Systematic differences in the types of services provided call for more in-depth analysis to ensure that policies and procedures are in place to minimize sociodemographic disparities in service delivery and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"59 3","pages":"251-261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A vocational rehabilitation partnership to provide transition services to young adults with neurodevelopmental disabilities: The cognitive skills enhancement program. 为神经发育障碍的年轻人提供过渡服务的职业康复伙伴关系:认知技能增强计划。

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230005

Jamie Kulzer, Kelly B Beck, Caitlin Trabert, Eric C Meyer, Jenna Colacci, Michael Pramuka, Michael McCue

Background: There is an urgent need for services that support a successful transition to postsecondary education and employment for young adults with neurodevelopmental and cognitive disabilities (e.g. autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, traumatic brain injury).

Objective: The purpose of this expository article is to describe the Cognitive Skills Enhancement Program (CSEP), a comprehensive clinical program designed for young adults with neurodevelopmental and cognitive disabilities transitioning to postsecondary education.

Methods: CSEP was developed through a community-academic partnership between a university and a state vocational rehabilitation program. Young adult participants complete programming that addresses four primary clinical targets: (1) emotion regulation, (2) social skills, (3) work readiness, and (4) community participation with the overall goal to increase awareness and promote successful employment outcomes while they transition to post-secondary education.

Results: To date, CSEP has supported 18 years of sustained programming and clinical services to 621 young adults with neurodevelopmental and cognitive disabilities.

Conclusion: This partnership model allows for flexible responses to participant needs, implementation barriers, and advances in evidence-based practices. CSEP meets the needs of diverse stakeholders (e.g. state vocational rehabilitation, postsecondary training facilities, participants, universities) while providing high-quality and sustainable programming. Future directions include examining the clinical efficacy of current CSEP programming.

背景:目前迫切需要为患有神经发育和认知障碍(如自闭症谱系障碍、注意力缺陷/多动障碍、创伤性脑损伤)的年轻人成功过渡到高等教育和就业提供支持的服务。目的:这篇说说性文章的目的是描述认知技能增强计划(CSEP)，这是一个综合性的临床计划，旨在为有神经发育和认知障碍的年轻人过渡到高等教育。方法:CSEP是通过一所大学和国家职业康复计划之间的社区-学术合作伙伴关系开发的。年轻的成年参与者完成了四个主要临床目标的规划:(1)情绪调节，(2)社交技能，(3)工作准备，(4)社区参与，总体目标是在他们过渡到中学后教育时提高认识并促进成功的就业结果。结果:到目前为止，CSEP已经为621名患有神经发育和认知障碍的年轻人提供了18年的持续规划和临床服务。结论:这种伙伴关系模式允许对参与者的需求、实施障碍和循证实践的进步做出灵活的反应。CSEP满足不同利益相关者(如国家职业康复、高等教育培训设施、参与者、大学)的需求，同时提供高质量和可持续的规划。未来的方向包括检查当前CSEP编程的临床疗效。

{"title":"A vocational rehabilitation partnership to provide transition services to young adults with neurodevelopmental disabilities: The cognitive skills enhancement program.","authors":"Jamie Kulzer, Kelly B Beck, Caitlin Trabert, Eric C Meyer, Jenna Colacci, Michael Pramuka, Michael McCue","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is an urgent need for services that support a successful transition to postsecondary education and employment for young adults with neurodevelopmental and cognitive disabilities (e.g. autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, traumatic brain injury).Objective: The purpose of this expository article is to describe the Cognitive Skills Enhancement Program (CSEP), a comprehensive clinical program designed for young adults with neurodevelopmental and cognitive disabilities transitioning to postsecondary education.Methods: CSEP was developed through a community-academic partnership between a university and a state vocational rehabilitation program. Young adult participants complete programming that addresses four primary clinical targets: (1) emotion regulation, (2) social skills, (3) work readiness, and (4) community participation with the overall goal to increase awareness and promote successful employment outcomes while they transition to post-secondary education.Results: To date, CSEP has supported 18 years of sustained programming and clinical services to 621 young adults with neurodevelopmental and cognitive disabilities.Conclusion: This partnership model allows for flexible responses to participant needs, implementation barriers, and advances in evidence-based practices. CSEP meets the needs of diverse stakeholders (e.g. state vocational rehabilitation, postsecondary training facilities, participants, universities) while providing high-quality and sustainable programming. Future directions include examining the clinical efficacy of current CSEP programming.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"58 2","pages":"155-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10202007/pdf/nihms-1899717.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9871002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The efficacy of competitive integrated employment versus segregated employment for persons with disabilities: A systematic review 残疾人竞争性综合就业与隔离就业的效果:系统回顾

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-221225

Joshua P. Taylor, Lauren Avellone, P. Wehman, Valerie Brooke

BACKGROUND: Although competitive integrated employment (CIE) has been established as a goal of employment policy and practice for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), many still receive segregated vocational services for subminimum wage. This persistence of segregated vocational services has occurred despite substantial previous research recommendations and policy directives to encourage CIE. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine whether recent research might provide further evidence of the role of segregated vocational services in contributing to or detracting from positive outcomes. METHOD: Our review searched peer-reviewed literature from seven electronic databases and screened 589 peer-reviewed articles based on inclusion criteria established following PRISMA guidelines— resulting in a final sample of five studies. In the second phase of our analysis, we provide a comparison of segregated and integrated vocational services in terms of individual outcomes. RESULTS: Our findings provide further evidence against the use of segregated vocational services for individuals with IDD. CONCLUSION: Implications of these findings for future research, policy, and practice are provided.

背景:虽然竞争性综合就业(CIE)已被确立为智力和发育障碍(IDD)个体就业政策和实践的目标，但许多人仍然接受低于最低工资的隔离职业服务。尽管之前有大量的研究建议和政策指示鼓励CIE，但这种持续存在的隔离职业服务仍然存在。目的:本系统综述的目的是检查最近的研究是否可以提供进一步的证据，证明隔离职业服务在促进或减少积极结果方面的作用。方法:我们的综述检索了来自7个电子数据库的同行评议文献，并根据遵循PRISMA指南建立的纳入标准筛选了589篇同行评议文章，最终获得了5项研究的样本。在我们分析的第二阶段，我们从个人结果的角度对隔离和综合职业服务进行了比较。结果:我们的研究结果提供了进一步的证据，反对对IDD患者使用隔离的职业服务。结论:这些发现对未来的研究、政策和实践具有启示意义。

{"title":"The efficacy of competitive integrated employment versus segregated employment for persons with disabilities: A systematic review","authors":"Joshua P. Taylor, Lauren Avellone, P. Wehman, Valerie Brooke","doi":"10.3233/jvr-221225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-221225","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Although competitive integrated employment (CIE) has been established as a goal of employment policy and practice for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), many still receive segregated vocational services for subminimum wage. This persistence of segregated vocational services has occurred despite substantial previous research recommendations and policy directives to encourage CIE. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine whether recent research might provide further evidence of the role of segregated vocational services in contributing to or detracting from positive outcomes. METHOD: Our review searched peer-reviewed literature from seven electronic databases and screened 589 peer-reviewed articles based on inclusion criteria established following PRISMA guidelines— resulting in a final sample of five studies. In the second phase of our analysis, we provide a comparison of segregated and integrated vocational services in terms of individual outcomes. RESULTS: Our findings provide further evidence against the use of segregated vocational services for individuals with IDD. CONCLUSION: Implications of these findings for future research, policy, and practice are provided.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83507853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Customized employment as a pathway to competitive integrated employment: An analysis of RSA 911 data of state vocational rehabilitation agencies with the highest use of this intervention 定制就业是通往竞争性综合就业的途径:对使用该干预措施最高的州职业康复机构的RSA 911数据的分析

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-221227

Jaeyoung Kim, Tim Riesen, Katherine J. Inge, Beth Keeton, Marcus Weathers, T. Tansey

BACKGROUND: Customized employment (CE) is a highly relevant but underused strategy for individuals with significant disabilities. It is important to examine how CE has been utilized in state vocational rehabilitation agencies (SVRAs). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to identify SVRAs’ CE service patterns and outcomes from 2017 to 2020. METHODS: Descriptive analysis, chi-square, and t-test comprised data analysis. RESULTS: 78% of the consumers receiving CE were associated with 10 SVRAs. This sample (N = 1,779) was 57.4% male and 42.6% female and had a mean age of 31.61 years. 77% were White. The frequent services provided with CE were VR counseling and guidance, assessment, and job placement assistance. Based on the service provision pattern, the agencies were separated into Group A, using co-occurring services other than supported employment (SE), and Group B, using SE along with CE. Consumers served by Group B are more likely to have cognitive impairment, intellectual disability, and the most significant disability. Group A is associated with lower employment, higher weekly earning and weekly hours worked. CONCLUSION: VR agencies and providers should consider these findings to refine and improve their service delivery and policies/procedures particularly for customized employment.

背景:定制就业(CE)是一种高度相关但未被充分利用的策略。检查国家职业康复机构(SVRAs)如何利用CE是很重要的。目的:本研究的目的是确定2017 - 2020年SVRAs的CE服务模式和结果。方法:采用描述性分析、卡方检验和t检验组成数据分析。结果:78%接受CE的消费者与10个svra相关。样本(N = 1,779)男性占57.4%，女性占42.6%，平均年龄31.61岁。77%是白人。社会福利中心提供的服务主要是自愿退休谘询及指导、评估及就业协助。根据提供服务的模式，这些机构被分为A组和B组，A组采用支援就业以外的协同服务，B组采用支援就业和支援就业。B组服务的消费者更有可能有认知障碍、智力残疾和最严重的残疾。A组与较低的就业率、较高的周收入和每周工作时间有关。结论:虚拟现实机构和提供者应该考虑这些发现，以完善和改进他们的服务提供和政策/程序，特别是针对定制就业。

{"title":"Customized employment as a pathway to competitive integrated employment: An analysis of RSA 911 data of state vocational rehabilitation agencies with the highest use of this intervention","authors":"Jaeyoung Kim, Tim Riesen, Katherine J. Inge, Beth Keeton, Marcus Weathers, T. Tansey","doi":"10.3233/jvr-221227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-221227","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Customized employment (CE) is a highly relevant but underused strategy for individuals with significant disabilities. It is important to examine how CE has been utilized in state vocational rehabilitation agencies (SVRAs). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to identify SVRAs’ CE service patterns and outcomes from 2017 to 2020. METHODS: Descriptive analysis, chi-square, and t-test comprised data analysis. RESULTS: 78% of the consumers receiving CE were associated with 10 SVRAs. This sample (N = 1,779) was 57.4% male and 42.6% female and had a mean age of 31.61 years. 77% were White. The frequent services provided with CE were VR counseling and guidance, assessment, and job placement assistance. Based on the service provision pattern, the agencies were separated into Group A, using co-occurring services other than supported employment (SE), and Group B, using SE along with CE. Consumers served by Group B are more likely to have cognitive impairment, intellectual disability, and the most significant disability. Group A is associated with lower employment, higher weekly earning and weekly hours worked. CONCLUSION: VR agencies and providers should consider these findings to refine and improve their service delivery and policies/procedures particularly for customized employment.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77720737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Characteristics of individuals with disabilities receiving transportation services in vocational rehabilitation 职业康复中残疾人接受交通服务的特点

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-221226

J. Bezyak, C. Kaya, Sharon Hsu, Kanako Iwanaga, Jia-Rung Wu, Beatrice Lee, Madan M. Kundu, Fong Chan, T. Tansey

BACKGROUND: Adequate, accessible public transportation is essential to fully address social and economic disparities that exist among individuals with disabilities. Despite removal of many physical barriers within transportation systems, significant barriers to public transportation for people with disabilities are still widespread. OBJECTIVE: Transportation is commonly cited as an obstacle to employment for individuals with disabilities, and as a result, a thorough analysis of specific factors influencing the use of public transportation by individuals with disabilities is necessary to fully understand patterns of use. METHOD: The current study used a national sample of individuals with disabilities in pursuit of employment to investigate characteristics that predict the receipt of transportation services by vocational rehabilitation personnel. RESULTS: Results indicate individuals who were not employed, who were receiving welfare and/or TANF, who were homeless, who were living in rehabilitation facilities, and/or living in substance abuse treatment centers were more likely to receive transit services from vocational rehabilitation programs. Also, individuals with substance use problems, mental health disorders, HIV/AIDS or other immune deficiency disorders, and/or people from racial or ethnic minority backgrounds were more likely to receive transit service support from vocational rehabilitation programs. CONCLUSION: Improvement in transportation services for individuals with disabilities is needed on a systems and individual level. State rehabilitation counselors can evaluate the extent high-risk clients identified in this study can benefit from transit services as well as other wrap around services that can improve their engagement in VR services leading to better employment outcomes.

背景:充分、无障碍的公共交通对于充分解决残疾人之间存在的社会和经济差距至关重要。尽管交通系统内的许多物理障碍已经消除，但残疾人乘坐公共交通的重大障碍仍然普遍存在。目的:交通通常被认为是残疾人就业的障碍，因此，有必要对影响残疾人使用公共交通的具体因素进行深入分析，以充分了解残疾人的使用模式。方法:目前的研究使用了一个全国范围内的残疾人就业样本来调查预测职业康复人员接受交通服务的特征。结果:结果表明，没有工作的人，接受福利和/或TANF的人，无家可归的人，生活在康复设施和/或生活在药物滥用治疗中心的人更有可能接受职业康复计划的中转服务。此外，有药物使用问题、精神健康障碍、艾滋病毒/艾滋病或其他免疫缺陷障碍的个人和/或种族或少数民族背景的人更有可能获得职业康复方案提供的过境服务支持。结论:在系统和个人层面上，需要改善残疾人的交通服务。州康复顾问可以评估本研究中确定的高风险客户从中转服务以及其他可以提高他们参与虚拟现实服务从而获得更好就业结果的服务中受益的程度。

{"title":"Characteristics of individuals with disabilities receiving transportation services in vocational rehabilitation","authors":"J. Bezyak, C. Kaya, Sharon Hsu, Kanako Iwanaga, Jia-Rung Wu, Beatrice Lee, Madan M. Kundu, Fong Chan, T. Tansey","doi":"10.3233/jvr-221226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-221226","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Adequate, accessible public transportation is essential to fully address social and economic disparities that exist among individuals with disabilities. Despite removal of many physical barriers within transportation systems, significant barriers to public transportation for people with disabilities are still widespread. OBJECTIVE: Transportation is commonly cited as an obstacle to employment for individuals with disabilities, and as a result, a thorough analysis of specific factors influencing the use of public transportation by individuals with disabilities is necessary to fully understand patterns of use. METHOD: The current study used a national sample of individuals with disabilities in pursuit of employment to investigate characteristics that predict the receipt of transportation services by vocational rehabilitation personnel. RESULTS: Results indicate individuals who were not employed, who were receiving welfare and/or TANF, who were homeless, who were living in rehabilitation facilities, and/or living in substance abuse treatment centers were more likely to receive transit services from vocational rehabilitation programs. Also, individuals with substance use problems, mental health disorders, HIV/AIDS or other immune deficiency disorders, and/or people from racial or ethnic minority backgrounds were more likely to receive transit service support from vocational rehabilitation programs. CONCLUSION: Improvement in transportation services for individuals with disabilities is needed on a systems and individual level. State rehabilitation counselors can evaluate the extent high-risk clients identified in this study can benefit from transit services as well as other wrap around services that can improve their engagement in VR services leading to better employment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"259 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79599173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1