Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation最新文献

Needs of human resource professionals in implicit bias and disability inclusion training: A focus group study. 人力资源专业人员在隐性偏见和残疾包容培训方面的需求：焦点小组研究。

IF 1.2 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2024-01-01

Jill Bezyak, Elysia Versen, Fong Chan, Deborah Lee, Jia-Rung Wu, Kanako Iwanaga, Phil Rumrill, Xiangli Chen, Hanson Ho

Background: Research investigating the implicit bias of employers towards individuals with disabilities emphasizes the importance of increased attention to implicit bias in the workplace. Previous research supports the use of trainings to promote awareness and education of implicit and explicit bias toward people with disabilities among employers.

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to better understand employers' stigmatizing attitudes toward individuals with disabilities and develop effective strategies to increase awareness and knowledge related to these negative attitudes.

Methods: Two focus groups of HR professionals were conducted to investigate guidelines and content areas that should be included in training. Data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis (QCA) methodology.

Results: Researchers identified four major themes regarding guidelines for training development: 1) educational information on implicit and explicit bias, 2) disability inclusion information and strategies, 3) consideration of multiple learning modalities, and 4) case studies.

Conclusion: Training interventions incorporating these needs and preferences of HR professionals may more effectively increase awareness of implicit bias in the workplace. Sharing evidence regarding implicit and explicit bias, along with current information on disability inclusion, while using varied instructional strategies may lead to a reduction in disability-related stigma and discrimination in the workplace.

背景：调查雇主对残疾人的隐性偏见的研究强调了加强关注工作场所隐性偏见的重要性。以往的研究支持利用培训来促进雇主对残疾人的隐性和显性偏见的认识和教育：本研究的目的是更好地了解雇主对残障人士的鄙视态度，并制定有效的策略来提高对这些负面态度的认识和了解：方法：对人力资源专业人员进行了两次焦点小组讨论，以调查应纳入培训的指导方针和内容领域。采用定性内容分析（QCA）方法对数据进行了分析：研究人员确定了有关培训发展指导方针的四大主题：1) 关于隐性和显性偏见的教育信息；2) 残疾包容信息和策略；3) 考虑多种学习模式；4) 案例研究：结论：将人力资源专业人员的这些需求和偏好纳入培训干预措施，可以更有效地提高对工作场所隐性偏见的认识。分享有关隐性偏见和显性偏见的证据，以及有关残疾包容的最新信息，同时采用不同的教学策略，可能会减少工作场所与残疾有关的羞辱和歧视。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of company-driven disability diversity initiatives: A multi-case study across industries 公司驱动的残疾多样性倡议的效果：跨行业多案例研究

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230061

Brian N. Phillips, Teresa A. Granger, Chase Ochrach, Kathryn A. Thomas, Antonio Reyes, R. F. Kesselmayer, Catherine A. Anderson, Fong Chan, D. Strauser, P. Wehman, Jennifer McDonough, Deborah Lee, Beatrice Lee, Ngonidzashe Mpofu, Stacie Castillo, Xiangli Chen, Emily A. Brinck, Megan J. Baumunk, Jaeyoung Kim, Katherine B. Friedman, T. Tansey

BACKGROUND: Employers are increasingly seeking a competitive advantage through targeted hiring of people with disabilities. We conducted several case studies to learn more about companies that led in creating their own disability diversity initiatives. OBJECTIVE: In this article, we share insights emerging from case studies conducted across seven companies. We illustrate the motives, processes, and outcomes of these initiatives. METHODS: This study is built on the previously published case studies conducted across seven companies. We applied elements of consensual qualitative research (CQR) for the data collection and analyses before performing an in-depth qualitative content analysis using the data coded for each company, looking for commonalities and differences. RESULTS: Although practices differed, all companies experienced noted benefits. Committed leadership and complementary company values facilitated successful outcomes for initiatives. The strength or salience of disability inclusive actions and practices appeared to moderate outcomes related to company performance, employee perceptions of the company, and cohesiveness. CONCLUSION: Company disability initiatives can yield positive impacts on company performance and culture. The practices we identified and their positive outcomes serve as beacons to other organizations that recognize disability as a valued part of company diversity.

背景：雇主越来越多地通过有针对性地聘用残疾人来寻求竞争优势。我们开展了几项案例研究，以更多地了解那些率先创建了自己的残障人士多元化计划的公司。目的：在本文中，我们将分享对七家公司进行案例研究后得出的见解。我们阐述了这些举措的动机、过程和结果。方法：本研究建立在之前发表的对七家公司进行的案例研究基础之上。我们在数据收集和分析中采用了共识定性研究（CQR）的要素，然后利用为每家公司编码的数据进行了深入的定性内容分析，寻找共同点和不同点。结果：尽管做法不同，但所有公司都获得了显著的收益。坚定的领导力和互补的公司价值观促进了各项举措取得成功。残障包容性行动和实践的力度或显著性似乎能够调节与公司业绩、员工对公司的看法和凝聚力相关的结果。结论：公司的残疾倡议可对公司业绩和文化产生积极影响。我们所发现的实践及其积极成果可以为其他组织提供借鉴，使其认识到残障是公司多样性的重要组成部分。

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引用次数: 0

Vocational rehabilitation applicants, the services they receive, and their employment outcomes 职业康复申请人、他们接受的服务及其就业结果

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230057

Meghan Lee Donahue, Victor Paquet, S. Casucci, Alexander Nikolaev

BACKGROUND: The U.S. Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) program helps people with disability gain or improve employment. However, previous research into program outcomes has primarily focused on subsets of participants with specific diagnoses instead of the full population. OBJECTIVE: We chronicled the population’s personal characteristics, services received, and program outcomes to inform hypotheses about relationships between personal characteristics, services, and program outcomes. METHODS: These characteristics were analyzed for all 572,490 adult cases that closed between 2017 and 2018. Descriptive statistic distributions compare the applicants with their two subgroups: participants and non-participants. RESULTS: Seven of 20 primary impairment categories encompassed 78%of applicants. Sixty-three percent of applicants completed an individualized plan for employment (IPE) and became participants. Eighty-five percent of participants and 43%of non-participants received VR services. Half of VR participants exited unemployed and 44%achieved competitive integrated employment (CIE). Two-thirds of non-participants exited before developing their IPE mostly because they either lost interest in VR or VR lost the ability to talk to them. CONCLUSION: The results describe variables that can potentially affect program enrollment and program outcomes. Future work assessing VR should consider these variables when evaluating services that are most impactful to exiting with employment.

背景：美国职业康复（VR）计划帮助残疾人获得或改善就业。然而，以往对该计划成果的研究主要集中在有特定诊断的参与者群体，而不是全部人群。目的：我们记录了参与者的个人特征、所接受的服务和项目成果，以便为个人特征、服务和项目成果之间关系的假设提供信息。方法：我们分析了 2017 年至 2018 年期间结案的所有 572 490 个成人病例的这些特征。描述性统计分布比较了申请人与他们的两个分组：参与者和非参与者。结果：在 20 个主要损伤类别中，有 7 个涵盖了 78% 的申请人。63%的申请人完成了个性化就业计划（IPE）并成为参与者。85% 的参与者和 43% 的非参与者接受了职业康复服务。半数的自愿再就业参与者失业，44%的人实现了竞争性综合就业（CIE）。三分之二的非参与者在制定 IPE 之前就退出了，主要是因为他们对 VR 失去了兴趣，或者 VR 失去了与他们交谈的能力。结论：研究结果描述了有可能影响计划注册和计划结果的变量。在评估对退出就业最有影响的服务时，未来评估 VR 的工作应考虑这些变量。

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引用次数: 0

Discovering ME: An innovative planning tool for students with significant disabilities 发现我：针对严重残疾学生的创新规划工具

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230051

Lisa Holland, Kendel St. John, Elizabeth E. Getzel

BACKGROUND: The Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) requires transition plans for students with disabilities to be based on high-quality, age-appropriate transition assessments. However, educators struggle to garner reliable assessment results for students with significant disabilities, because so few assessments are designed or validated for students with these barriers. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this practice brief is to share details on the process, called Discovering ME, which provides an effective transition assessment and planning tool that is critical to increasing students’ employment outcomes, especially for those who face the most significant barriers to employment. METHODS: Sixty-one students across rural, urban, and suburban school districts participated in Discovering ME. Data were collected across five years, including demographic information and examples of students’ top career cluster areas for future employment. In addition, a statewide survey was conducted with educators participating in Discovering ME on the effectiveness of this early career planning process. RESULTS: The Discovering ME process provides career-related opportunities for students with significant barriers in the home, school, and community in a variety of career clusters based on their expressed interests. Educators report that the focus of this process on students and their interests helped to create positive experiences for them by creating opportunities for success. CONCLUSION: The Discovering ME process provides students with disabilities with authentic, coordinated career awareness and development activities and the building of self-determination, work readiness, and community integration skills.

背景：《残障人士法案》（IDEA）规定，残障学生的过渡计划必须以高质量的、适合其年龄的过渡评估为基础。然而，教育工作者很难为有严重残疾的学生获得可靠的评估结果，因为很少有评估是为有这些障碍的学生设计或经过验证的。目的：本实践简报旨在分享名为 "发现我"（Discovering ME）的过程的详细信息，该过程提供了一个有效的过渡评估和规划工具，对提高学生的就业成果至关重要，尤其是对那些面临最严重就业障碍的学生而言。方法：农村、城市和郊区学区的 61 名学生参加了 "发现我 "项目。我们收集了五年来的数据，包括人口信息和学生未来就业的热门职业集群领域示例。此外，还对参与 "发现我 "活动的教育工作者进行了一次全州范围的调查，以了解这一早期职业规划过程的有效性。结果："发现我 "过程为在家庭、学校和社区中存在重大障碍的学生提供了与职业相关的机会，这些机会是根据他们所表达的兴趣而设置的各种职业集群。教育工作者表示，这一过程关注学生及其兴趣，有助于为他们创造成功的机会，从而为他们创造积极的体验。结论："发现我 "过程为残疾学生提供了真实、协调的职业认知和发展活动，培养了自决、工作准备和融入社区的技能。

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引用次数: 0

ABLE account use among supplemental security income recipients ABLE 账户在补充保障收入领取者中的使用情况

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230059

Robert Weathers, Paul Kelly, Jeffrey Hemmeter

BACKGROUND: The Stephen Beck Jr. Achieving a Better Life Experience Act of 2014 (ABLE Act) authorized state-administered tax-preferred savings programs for individuals with a disability called ABLE accounts. OBJECTIVE: Examine ABLE account participation rates and amounts held by Supplemental Security Income (SSI) recipients who are eligible for ABLE accounts and use the findings to identify methods to improve ABLE account participation. METHODS: Descriptive analysis using Social Security program data on the population of SSI recipients eligible for ABLE accounts to quantify: the prevalence of ABLE account use; participation rates among those eligible for ABLE accounts by demographic and socio-economic characteristics, state of residence, and state-level tax incentives; and amounts accumulated in ABLE accounts. RESULTS: As of December 2021, 36,610 SSI recipients owned ABLE accounts with a median value of $3,222, and the participation rate is 1.1 percent among SSI recipients whose disability occurred before age 26. We document substantial differences in participation rates by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, across states, and by the availability of state-level tax incentives. CONCLUSION: ABLE account use among SSI recipients is relatively low. Differences in participation rates indicate that evidence-based methods to increase participation can improve savings and economic well-being.

背景:《2014年小斯蒂芬·贝克实现更好生活体验法案》(ABLE法案)授权州政府为残疾人提供税收优惠储蓄计划，称为ABLE账户。目的:检查符合ABLE账户资格的补充安全收入(SSI)接受者的ABLE账户参与率和持有金额，并利用调查结果确定提高ABLE账户参与率的方法。方法:使用社会保障计划数据对符合ABLE账户资格的SSI受助人群进行描述性分析，量化:ABLE账户使用的流行程度;根据人口和社会经济特征、居住州和州一级税收优惠政策，符合ABLE账户资格的人的参与率;以及ABLE账户累积的金额。结果:截至2021年12月，36610名SSI受助人拥有ABLE账户，中位数为3222美元，在26岁之前残疾的SSI受助人中，参与率为1.1%。我们根据人口统计和社会经济特征，以及各州的税收激励措施，记录了参与率的实质性差异。结论:SSI受助人的ABLE账户使用率相对较低。参与率的差异表明，以证据为基础的提高参与率的方法可以改善储蓄和经济福祉。

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引用次数: 0

Using the independent monitoring for quality (IM4Q) program to examine employment in integrated settings in the community for people with IDD over time 利用独立质量监测（IM4Q）计划，检查 IDD 患者在社区综合环境中的长期就业情况

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230054

J. Houseworth, Celia Feinstein, Sandra L Pettingell, J. Bershadsky, R. Tichá, J. Lemanowicz, Alicia Zhang

BACKGROUND: Community-based employment is a key step for many adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), a group prone to high unemployment, poverty, and dependency. It is also important in order to avoid poverty and progress toward economically stable and independent lifestyles. Increases in community-based employment for individuals with IDD meet the expectation of the HCBS final rule as well as state-wide transition planning requirements and other compliance indicators. OBJECTIVE: The current study explores changes in employment over time before and after the final rule was issued and other initiatives (e.g., Employment First policy) were adopted. This method provides an important way to detect if the effort is impacting services users with IDD as intended. By comparing three waves of data from the state of Pennsylvania (2013, 2016, and 2019), we can gain insight into changes in employment rates over time among HCBS services users with IDD in light of policy initiatives. METHODS: We used three waves of IM4Q data to compare the growth in employment among 9,486 individual services users with IDD in the state of Pennsylvania. Repeated measures regression using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) was used to examine employment in an integrated setting in the community over time after controlling for age, support needs, residence type, and community type. RESULTS: Controlling for the effects of demographic and environmental characteristics, there was a significant increase in community-based employment among IDD service users in Pennsylvania between 2013 and 2019. Other variables were also associated with employment. CONCLUSION: This study was the first to our knowledge to consider changes in community-based employment across three waves of data for individuals with IDD. The data wave collection periods in Pennsylvania coincided with significant policy changes relevant to services users with IDD. These changes in policy may be effective and warrant both continued exploration of its effect and ways to maximize policy to further integrate adults with IDD into the community.

背景：社区就业是许多智力和发育障碍（IDD）成人的关键步骤。同时，社区就业也是避免贫困、实现经济稳定和独立生活方式的重要途径。增加 IDD 患者在社区的就业率符合 HCBS 最终规则以及全州过渡规划要求和其他合规指标的预期。目标：本研究探讨了在最终规则发布和其他举措（如就业优先政策）采用前后，就业率随时间推移而发生的变化。这种方法是检测这项工作是否如预期般对智障人士服务使用者产生影响的重要途径。通过比较宾夕法尼亚州的三波数据（2013 年、2016 年和 2019 年），我们可以根据政策措施深入了解患有 IDD 的 HCBS 服务使用者的就业率随时间推移而发生的变化。方法：我们使用三波 IM4Q 数据比较了宾夕法尼亚州 9486 名 IDD 个人服务用户的就业增长情况。在控制了年龄、支持需求、居住类型和社区类型之后，我们使用广义估计方程（GEEs）进行重复测量回归，以考察一段时间内社区综合环境中的就业情况。结果：在控制了人口和环境特征的影响后，宾夕法尼亚州的 IDD 服务使用者在 2013 年至 2019 年期间的社区就业率显著上升。其他变量也与就业有关。结论：据我们所知，这项研究是首次考虑 IDD 患者在三波数据中社区就业变化的研究。宾夕法尼亚州的数据收集期恰逢与 IDD 服务使用者相关的重大政策变化。这些政策变化可能是有效的，值得继续探索其效果，以及如何最大限度地利用政策，使患有 IDD 的成年人进一步融入社区。

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引用次数: 0

Pre-employment transition and vocational rehabilitation services: Experiences in response to Vermont’s work-based learning program 就业前过渡和职业康复服务：佛蒙特州以工作为基础的学习计划的应对经验

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230055

Todd Honeycutt, Marlena Luhr, Emily Harrison, P. Sevak

BACKGROUND: State vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies offer pre-employment transition services (pre-ETS) and other VR services to high school students, but the literature has not documented differences in pre-ETS use by individual characteristics or across individual services. OBJECTIVE: We describe variation in how high school students used services from the Vermont VR agency and how a demonstration program emphasizing work-based learning experiences affected that use. METHOD: The study uses a descriptive approach to explore patterns in youth’s pre-ETS and VR services and outcomes two years after enrolling in a demonstration program. It compares youth with access to demonstration services (the treatment group) to those using usual services (the control group). RESULTS: Among all control group youth, more than half only used pre-ETS during a 24-month period, while about one-quarter used VR services and the remainder used no services from the VR agency. In contrast, nearly all treatment group youth used some VR services, with a majority (59 percent) using both VR services and pre-ETS. Control group youth who used pre-ETS and VR services differed from those who did not use these services by gender, disability type, employment, and service receipt characteristics; treatment group youth had fewer such differences. Earnings outcomes did not vary in consistent or interpretable ways. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate how an intervention designed to promote work-based learning experiences increased pre-ETS and VR use and decreased subgroup differences in service utilization. VR administrators might consider collecting information on potentially eligible students to increase access to and use of services.

背景：各州的职业康复（VR）机构为高中生提供就业前过渡服务（pre-ETS）和其他 VR 服务，但文献中并没有记录个人特征或不同服务在使用就业前过渡服务方面的差异。目的：我们描述了高中生在如何使用佛蒙特州职业康复机构提供的服务方面存在的差异，以及一项强调基于工作的学习体验的示范计划对这种使用的影响。方法：本研究采用描述性的方法来探讨青少年在参加示范项目两年后的预ETS 和 VR 服务及结果的模式。研究将获得示范服务的青少年（治疗组）与使用常规服务的青少年（对照组）进行了比较。结果：在对照组的所有青少年中，一半以上的青少年在 24 个月内只使用了预ETS 服务，约四分之一的青少年使用了 VR 服务，其余的青少年没有使用任何 VR 机构提供的服务。相比之下，几乎所有治疗组的青少年都使用了一些职业康复服务，其中大多数（59%）同时使用了职业康复服务和预ETS。对照组中使用预ETS 和 VR 服务的青少年与未使用这些服务的青少年在性别、残疾类型、就业和接受服务的特征方面存在差异；治疗组青少年在这些方面的差异较小。收入结果并没有以一致或可解释的方式发生变化。结论：研究结果表明，旨在促进以工作为基础的学习经验的干预措施如何增加了预ETS 和 VR 的使用，并减少了服务使用方面的亚群体差异。职业康复管理者可以考虑收集可能符合条件的学生的信息，以增加获得和使用服务的机会。

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引用次数: 0

Autism and neurodiversity in the workplace: A scoping review of key trends, employer roles, interventions and supports 工作场所的自闭症和神经多样性：对主要趋势、雇主角色、干预措施和支持的范围审查

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230060

Benjamin Wen, H. Rensburg, Shirley O’Neill, Tony Attwood

BACKGROUND: Autistic adults continue to experience high rates of unemployment and underemployment. OBJECTIVE: A scoping review was undertaken to: a) synthesise key findings in the literature regarding autism and employment from the employers’ perspective; b) examine trends in employer attitudes, theoretical frameworks and interventions; c) highlight gaps in the literature; and d) propose avenues for further research. METHODS: Literature published between January 1, 2009 and January 1, 2023 was examined using the following databases: CINAHL via Ebsco, Cochrane Library, EMBASE via Ovid SP, ERIC via Ebsco, Medline, PsycINFO via Ebsco, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest for dissertations and theses. RESULTS: The search identified 55 studies that met inclusion criteria. Selected articles were organised into the following themes: theoretical frameworks from the employer perspective, autism employment supports from the employer perspective and employer-specific interventions. CONCLUSION: This scoping review suggests that minimal research has been conducted on employer interventions that specifically target work environmental factors. The promotion of diversity in the workplace is an encouraging trend but this has not necessarily included the promotion of neurodiversity. Future research should include interventions to improve current and prospective employer knowledge and attitudes in not just hiring but supporting autistic persons in the workplace.

背景：成人自闭症患者的失业率和就业不足率一直居高不下。目的：我们进行了一次范围综述，目的是：a) 从雇主的角度综合有关自闭症和就业的文献中的主要发现；b) 研究雇主态度、理论框架和干预措施的趋势；c) 强调文献中的空白；d) 提出进一步研究的途径。方法：使用以下数据库对 2009 年 1 月 1 日至 2023 年 1 月 1 日期间发表的文献进行了研究：CINAHL via Ebsco、Cochrane Library、EMBASE via Ovid SP、ERIC via Ebsco、Medline、PsycINFO via Ebsco、Scopus、Web of Science 和 ProQuest for dissertations and theses。搜索结果：共发现 55 项符合纳入标准的研究。所选文章分为以下主题：雇主视角下的理论框架、雇主视角下的自闭症就业支持以及雇主特定干预措施。结论：本范围综述表明，针对工作环境因素的雇主干预措施的研究极少。促进工作场所的多样性是一个令人鼓舞的趋势，但这并不一定包括促进神经多样性。未来的研究应包括干预措施，以改善当前和未来雇主的知识和态度，不仅要雇用自闭症患者，还要在工作场所为他们提供支持。

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引用次数: 0

Providing technical assistance to inclusive postsecondary education programs on paid employment experiences of college students with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A case study 就智力和发育障碍大学生的有偿就业经验向包容性中学后教育项目提供技术援助：案例研究

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230056

S. McKelvey, Aliza Lambert, Jaclyn Camden, Elizabeth E. Getzel, Spenser Norris

BACKGROUND: Students with intellectual and developmental disabilities lag behind their peers without disabilities when it comes to participation in college and employment. In response to this, researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) created an online, six-week course for staff who work with students with disabilities in inclusive postsecondary education (IPSE) programs. OBJECTIVE: To create a course and technical assistance (TA) based on implementing supported employment strategies through VCU’s ACE-IT in College model, using evidence-based employment practices. The course and TA were developed to increase the skills of IPSE program staff, as well as increase the number of paid internship opportunities for the students in their programs. METHODS: VCU staff offered a six-week training program, followed by yearlong technical assistance to college and university staff who implement inclusive postsecondary education programs. The researchers conducted a case study of one program and followed them through the course and their TA activities. Data examined were: facilitated discussion board responses, needs assessment results, meeting notes and case study notes, as well as goals and strategies they developed. RESULTS: Results indicate a need for more staff and funding, as well as university buy-in. Fidelity of implementation allowed researchers to make slight adjustments for future TA participants. CONCLUSION: One participating program emerged as a case study site, and results indicate a need for more staff and funding. Detailed descriptions and technical assistant support strategies are provided, as well as implications for further research.

背景：在进入大学和就业方面，智力和发育障碍学生落后于非残疾学生。为此，弗吉尼亚联邦大学（VCU）的研究人员为在全纳中学后教育（IPSE）项目中从事残疾学生工作的教职员工开设了一门为期六周的在线课程。目标：通过弗吉尼亚联邦大学的 ACE-IT in College 模式，利用循证就业实践，创建一门基于实施辅助就业策略的课程和技术援助（TA）。开发该课程和技术援助的目的是提高 IPSE 项目工作人员的技能，以及增加项目中学生的带薪实习机会。方法：弗吉尼亚大学的教职员工为实施全纳中学后教育计划的大专院校教职员工提供了为期六周的培训课程和为期一年的技术援助。研究人员对一个项目进行了个案研究，并对他们的课程和技术援助活动进行了跟踪。检查的数据包括：协助讨论板上的回答、需求评估结果、会议记录和案例研究记录，以及他们制定的目标和战略。结果：结果表明，需要更多的人员和资金，以及大学的支持。实施的保真度允许研究人员为未来的 TA 参与者做出细微调整。结论：一个参与计划成为案例研究地点，结果表明需要更多的人员和资金。本文提供了详细描述和技术助理支持策略，以及进一步研究的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Governmental support measures to maintain the working capacity of people with multiple sclerosis 保持多发性硬化症患者工作能力的政府支助措施

IF 0.9 Q3 REHABILITATION

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation

Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.3233/jvr-230053

Mona-Elisa Eberharter, Harald Stummer

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammation of the central nervous system that can result in cognitive and physical deficits. It can lead to early retirement in 50% of the cases in the first 15 years of the disease without governmental support and to date there are only few studies which focus on the measures to support people with MS at the workplace. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyse the governmental support measures to maintain the working capacity of people with MS and to provide improvement and further approaches for their support. METHODS: A two-stage study was conducted by means of qualitative interviews. The first study was conducted using the problem-centred form with 10 experts from the health and social care sector who work with people affected by MS. The second study was conducted using qualitative interviews in biographical form with 20 people suffering from MS. RESULTS: The study participants mentioned various suggestions for improving the existing governmental support measures, such as a central support office for illness related questions, relaxing the strict requirements for support measures, giving the regulation of support measures to federal government, changing the pension system and financial support for individual therapies and outpatient therapies. Currently, MS patients lack knowledge about contact persons for MS-specific questions, as well as intensive cooperation between labour market service, health service providers and companies to help finding a job. CONCLUSION: A combination of the governmental support measures available so far with the proposed optimisations or additions by MS patients and experts can lead to a significant reduction in disease-specific absences and limitations, which in turn results in the preservation of the ability to work. All suggestions from the interviews need to be explored further to investigate a possible implementation.

背景：多发性硬化症（MS）是中枢神经系统的一种慢性炎症，可导致认知和生理缺陷。在没有政府支持的情况下，50%的多发性硬化症患者会在患病的前 15 年内提前退休，而迄今为止，只有少数研究关注多发性硬化症患者在工作场所的支持措施。目的：本研究旨在分析政府为保持多发性硬化症患者的工作能力而采取的支持措施，并为其提供改进和进一步的支持方法。方法：本研究通过定性访谈的方式分两个阶段进行。第一阶段的研究采用了以问题为中心的形式，采访了 10 位来自医疗和社会护理领域的专家，他们都从事过与多发性硬化症患者相关的工作。第二项研究是通过对 20 名多发性硬化症患者的传记形式进行定性访谈。研究结果：研究参与者提出了各种改进现有政府支持措施的建议，如设立一个中央支持办公室来解决与疾病相关的问题、放宽对支持措施的严格要求、将支持措施的监管权交给联邦政府、改变养老金制度以及为个人治疗和门诊治疗提供经济支持。目前，多发性硬化症患者缺乏有关多发性硬化症具体问题联系人的知识，也缺乏劳动力市场服务机构、医疗服务提供者和公司之间在帮助找工作方面的紧密合作。结论：将迄今为止政府提供的支持措施与多发性硬化症患者和专家建议的优化或补充措施相结合，可以显著减少因疾病导致的缺勤和限制，进而保持工作能力。访谈中提出的所有建议都需要进一步探讨，以研究实施的可能性。

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