BACKGROUND: People with advanced cancer constitute an emerging vocational rehabilitation (VR) consumer population. OBJECTIVE: Following an overview of the nature and needs of Americans who have advanced forms of cancer, the authors present strategies to meet the service and support needs of these individuals across the phases of the VR process. METHODS: The authors present the sequential stages of the VR process, including implications for working with advanced cancer survivors during each stage. RESULTS: The importance of individualized case planning, employer consultation, workplace accommodations, interface with medical and mental health professionals, and adherence to self-care and symptom management regimens is emphasized throughout the article. CONCLUSION: Growing numbers of people worldwide are surviving advanced cancers for longer periods of time than ever before, which makes them an emerging disability population and rehabilitation clientele.
{"title":"Contemporary vocational rehabilitation strategies for people with advanced cancer: A literature review and conceptual framework","authors":"Hannah E. Fry, P. Rumrill","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230052","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: People with advanced cancer constitute an emerging vocational rehabilitation (VR) consumer population. OBJECTIVE: Following an overview of the nature and needs of Americans who have advanced forms of cancer, the authors present strategies to meet the service and support needs of these individuals across the phases of the VR process. METHODS: The authors present the sequential stages of the VR process, including implications for working with advanced cancer survivors during each stage. RESULTS: The importance of individualized case planning, employer consultation, workplace accommodations, interface with medical and mental health professionals, and adherence to self-care and symptom management regimens is emphasized throughout the article. CONCLUSION: Growing numbers of people worldwide are surviving advanced cancers for longer periods of time than ever before, which makes them an emerging disability population and rehabilitation clientele.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaxuan Deng, Lisa Sarraf, Adèle Hotte-Meunier, Geneviève Sauvé
BACKGROUND: Results from past research on the association between work outcomes and self-esteem were inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review and quantify the correlation between employment variables and self-esteem in people with severe mental illness. METHOD: The first electronic database search was performed between November 5 and November 12, 2021. A second search update was completed in September 2023. Studies that reported a correlation between at least one employment-related variable and self-esteem were subsequently verified. Pooled effect sizes were calculated with random-effects models by aggregating Fisher’s Z-to-Pearson r transformed correlations. RESULTS: The database search generated 3,547 reports. Thirteen and seven reports were included in the qualitative review and the meta-analyses, respectively. Meta-analyses results based on data from 1,065 participants suggested a positive albeit small correlation between employment variables and self-esteem in people with severe mental illness (r = 0.26, p = .002 for global self-esteem; r = 0.21, p < 0.001 for total self-esteem). It was found through systematic review that greater confidence in personal capacity, more opportunities on novel activities, and positive affirmation from coworkers were some potential mechanisms underlying self-esteem improvement following work. CONCLUSION: Future research on employment in severe mental illness would benefit from including adapted self-esteem measures and can build on this work by examining the relationships between specific employment variables (e.g., job acquisition, job tenure) and self-esteem.
背景:以往关于工作成果与自尊之间关系的研究结果并不一致。目的:回顾并量化重度精神疾病患者就业变量与自尊的相关性。方法:于2021年11月5日至11月12日进行第一次电子数据库检索。第二次搜索更新于2023年9月完成。研究报告了至少一个与就业相关的变量与自尊之间的相关性，这些研究随后得到了证实。通过汇总Fisher的Z-to-Pearson r转换相关性，使用随机效应模型计算合并效应大小。结果:数据库搜索生成了3547份报告。分别有13份和7份报告被纳入定性评价和荟萃分析。基于1065名参与者数据的荟萃分析结果表明，就业变量与严重精神疾病患者的自尊之间存在正相关，尽管相关性很小(r = 0.26, p = 0.002;R = 0.21, p <总自尊为0.001)。通过系统回顾发现，对个人能力的更大信心、更多参与新活动的机会、同事的积极肯定是工作后自尊提升的潜在机制。结论:未来对严重精神疾病患者就业的研究将受益于包括适应性自尊测量，并可以通过检查特定就业变量(如工作获得、工作任期)与自尊之间的关系来建立这项工作。
{"title":"Relationship between self-esteem and employment in people with severe mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Jiaxuan Deng, Lisa Sarraf, Adèle Hotte-Meunier, Geneviève Sauvé","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230045","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Results from past research on the association between work outcomes and self-esteem were inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review and quantify the correlation between employment variables and self-esteem in people with severe mental illness. METHOD: The first electronic database search was performed between November 5 and November 12, 2021. A second search update was completed in September 2023. Studies that reported a correlation between at least one employment-related variable and self-esteem were subsequently verified. Pooled effect sizes were calculated with random-effects models by aggregating Fisher’s Z-to-Pearson r transformed correlations. RESULTS: The database search generated 3,547 reports. Thirteen and seven reports were included in the qualitative review and the meta-analyses, respectively. Meta-analyses results based on data from 1,065 participants suggested a positive albeit small correlation between employment variables and self-esteem in people with severe mental illness (r = 0.26, p = .002 for global self-esteem; r = 0.21, p < 0.001 for total self-esteem). It was found through systematic review that greater confidence in personal capacity, more opportunities on novel activities, and positive affirmation from coworkers were some potential mechanisms underlying self-esteem improvement following work. CONCLUSION: Future research on employment in severe mental illness would benefit from including adapted self-esteem measures and can build on this work by examining the relationships between specific employment variables (e.g., job acquisition, job tenure) and self-esteem.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136232620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michele C. McDonnall, Jennifer L. Cmar, Zhen S. McKnight
BACKGROUND: College graduates without visual impairments earn more than college graduates with visual impairments. Differences in degree majors obtained or differences in earnings associated with degree majors for the two groups might explain this discrepancy in earnings. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine (a) differences in degree major categories and (b) relationships between degree majors and earnings for college graduates with and without visual impairments. METHOD: We obtained data for college-educated, working-age adults from the American Community Survey. We utilized descriptive statistics to compare degree major categories by visual impairment and multiple regression to evaluate predictors of annual earnings for college graduates who worked full-time/full-year. RESULTS: Small differences in degree majors obtained were found between college graduates with and without visual impairments. Significant predictors of earnings included 23 out of 25 degree majors and several other demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Effects of three majors and several other variables differed for people with visual impairments. CONCLUSION: People with visual impairments were slightly more likely to hold degrees with lower-paying majors and less likely to hold degrees with two higher-paying majors. Regardless of degree major, college graduates with visual impairments had substantially lower average earnings than the general population.
{"title":"College degree majors and associated earnings: Are there differences between people with visual impairments and the general population?","authors":"Michele C. McDonnall, Jennifer L. Cmar, Zhen S. McKnight","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230044","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: College graduates without visual impairments earn more than college graduates with visual impairments. Differences in degree majors obtained or differences in earnings associated with degree majors for the two groups might explain this discrepancy in earnings. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine (a) differences in degree major categories and (b) relationships between degree majors and earnings for college graduates with and without visual impairments. METHOD: We obtained data for college-educated, working-age adults from the American Community Survey. We utilized descriptive statistics to compare degree major categories by visual impairment and multiple regression to evaluate predictors of annual earnings for college graduates who worked full-time/full-year. RESULTS: Small differences in degree majors obtained were found between college graduates with and without visual impairments. Significant predictors of earnings included 23 out of 25 degree majors and several other demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Effects of three majors and several other variables differed for people with visual impairments. CONCLUSION: People with visual impairments were slightly more likely to hold degrees with lower-paying majors and less likely to hold degrees with two higher-paying majors. Regardless of degree major, college graduates with visual impairments had substantially lower average earnings than the general population.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139340356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: More than 1 in 4 adult Americans have a disability limiting their daily functioning to earn living wages. Meanwhile, the shortage of U.S. professionals in STEM fields persists because of underrepresentation of specific groups, such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, and people with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The study investigates the determinants of wages among Americans with disabilities in non-STEM and STEM occupations to explore the feasibility of broadening their participation in STEM careers where they may earn higher wages and thereby, close the wage-gap with their non-disabled peers. METHODS: The study used a research design based on Mincer’s earnings regression model to analyze select variables as wage determinants based on data from the 2018 American Community Survey (ACS). RESULTS: While the findings suggest that within the Americans with disabilities group, working in a STEM occupation with a college degree in a STEM field was the best route to attain maximum wages, significant wage disparities exist compared to Americans without disabilities. CONCLUSION: Implications of the findings for Vocational Rehabilitation providers are discussed.
{"title":"The Determinants of wages among disabled Americans in Non-STEM and STEM occupations","authors":"Omar S. López","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230046","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: More than 1 in 4 adult Americans have a disability limiting their daily functioning to earn living wages. Meanwhile, the shortage of U.S. professionals in STEM fields persists because of underrepresentation of specific groups, such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, and people with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The study investigates the determinants of wages among Americans with disabilities in non-STEM and STEM occupations to explore the feasibility of broadening their participation in STEM careers where they may earn higher wages and thereby, close the wage-gap with their non-disabled peers. METHODS: The study used a research design based on Mincer’s earnings regression model to analyze select variables as wage determinants based on data from the 2018 American Community Survey (ACS). RESULTS: While the findings suggest that within the Americans with disabilities group, working in a STEM occupation with a college degree in a STEM field was the best route to attain maximum wages, significant wage disparities exist compared to Americans without disabilities. CONCLUSION: Implications of the findings for Vocational Rehabilitation providers are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135786088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Connie Sung, Marisa H. Fisher, Christiana Okyere, Jiyoon Park, Heerak Choi
BACKGROUND: Project SEARCH is a one-year school-to-work transition program that prepares students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) for competitive employment. OBJECTIVE: The current study used a mixed-method explanatory design to examine Project SEARCH graduates’ overall experience of transitioning from Project SEARCH to employment, their long-term employment outcomes, and their support needs during and after the program. METHOD: Parents of 31 Project SEARCH graduates completed an online survey regarding the graduates’ outcomes and 9 parents agreed to participate in a follow-up interview. RESULTS: Respondents reported positive employment outcomes for 24 of the Project SEARCH graduates (77.4% employed after Project SEARCH), primarily in the customer service industry. CONCLUSION: The graduates were satisfied with their employment but also experienced difficulties and a need for additional employment preparation and support after Project SEARCH.
{"title":"Employment outcomes and support needs of Michigan Project SEARCH graduates with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A mixed-method study","authors":"Connie Sung, Marisa H. Fisher, Christiana Okyere, Jiyoon Park, Heerak Choi","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230042","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Project SEARCH is a one-year school-to-work transition program that prepares students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) for competitive employment. OBJECTIVE: The current study used a mixed-method explanatory design to examine Project SEARCH graduates’ overall experience of transitioning from Project SEARCH to employment, their long-term employment outcomes, and their support needs during and after the program. METHOD: Parents of 31 Project SEARCH graduates completed an online survey regarding the graduates’ outcomes and 9 parents agreed to participate in a follow-up interview. RESULTS: Respondents reported positive employment outcomes for 24 of the Project SEARCH graduates (77.4% employed after Project SEARCH), primarily in the customer service industry. CONCLUSION: The graduates were satisfied with their employment but also experienced difficulties and a need for additional employment preparation and support after Project SEARCH.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139340413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cynthia Massey, Kathryn L. Haughney, Stephanie Devine
BACKGROUND: Vocational training centers improve outcomes for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), but employment rates remain low. Additionally, vocational direct support professionals (DSPs) often lack the training to implement effective instruction and the administrative procedures needed for change. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the effect of behavioral skill training (BST) on the maintained procedural fidelity of evidence-based practice (EBP) instruction in direct support providers with clients who have moderate to extensive support needs (M-ESN). METHOD: Three instructor-identified EBPs for teaching individuals with IDD were selected for professional development (PD): most-to-least prompting, time delay procedures, and system of least prompts. Three single case multiple probe across behaviors experiments evaluated the efficacy of the researcher-delivered BST instruction model on trainee accuracy as assessed by trained center administrators. RESULTS: A functional relation between the BST instruction and generalized DSP implementation was indicated, despite challenges and limitations related to COVID-19. Social validity measures found the goals, procedures, and outcomes were socially significant, and the intervention was practical and effective. CONCLUSION: Practices in vocational training should reflect the high standards for systematic instruction in the K-12 setting. EPB BST training with administration progress monitoring can improve DSPs’ instruction with clients, thus improving learning outcomes for adults with M-ESN.
{"title":"The generalized impacts of systematic instruction strategy training on the instructional staff of a vocational training center","authors":"Cynthia Massey, Kathryn L. Haughney, Stephanie Devine","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230049","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Vocational training centers improve outcomes for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), but employment rates remain low. Additionally, vocational direct support professionals (DSPs) often lack the training to implement effective instruction and the administrative procedures needed for change. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the effect of behavioral skill training (BST) on the maintained procedural fidelity of evidence-based practice (EBP) instruction in direct support providers with clients who have moderate to extensive support needs (M-ESN). METHOD: Three instructor-identified EBPs for teaching individuals with IDD were selected for professional development (PD): most-to-least prompting, time delay procedures, and system of least prompts. Three single case multiple probe across behaviors experiments evaluated the efficacy of the researcher-delivered BST instruction model on trainee accuracy as assessed by trained center administrators. RESULTS: A functional relation between the BST instruction and generalized DSP implementation was indicated, despite challenges and limitations related to COVID-19. Social validity measures found the goals, procedures, and outcomes were socially significant, and the intervention was practical and effective. CONCLUSION: Practices in vocational training should reflect the high standards for systematic instruction in the K-12 setting. EPB BST training with administration progress monitoring can improve DSPs’ instruction with clients, thus improving learning outcomes for adults with M-ESN.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139340697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer A. Dunn, Catey D. Boyce, J. Nunnerley, R. Martin, Deborah L. Snell
BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently occurs in working-aged adults. Following SCI, return to work (RTW) is complex. OBJECTIVE: To describe RTW pathways for people with SCI in New Zealand. METHOD: Data from interviews of people with SCI were analysed using conventional content analysis and themes developed. These themes were used to develop a graphic that described RTW pathways. RESULTS: Three groups of participants were identified: those who had returned to work, those who would work when they were ready and those where work seemed too far off. Among the first two groups, the themes of constantly recalibrating expectations, having a supportive employer, control/autonomy over work role, exploring options, maintaining hope and knowing work will be there when I am ready, were prevalent. For participants where work seemed too far off, two themes, I don’t know if I can work and rehabilitation is my priority, were identified. The resulting model highlighted that RTW pathways following SCI are complex and non-linear. CONCLUSION: While RTW may be reasonably straightforward for some, for others it can be more circuitous and difficult to navigate. Therefore, vocational rehabilitation programmes should consider where the individual is on the RTW pathway and provide appropriate individualised interventions.
{"title":"Describing pathways for return to work following spinal cord injury","authors":"Jennifer A. Dunn, Catey D. Boyce, J. Nunnerley, R. Martin, Deborah L. Snell","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230050","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently occurs in working-aged adults. Following SCI, return to work (RTW) is complex. OBJECTIVE: To describe RTW pathways for people with SCI in New Zealand. METHOD: Data from interviews of people with SCI were analysed using conventional content analysis and themes developed. These themes were used to develop a graphic that described RTW pathways. RESULTS: Three groups of participants were identified: those who had returned to work, those who would work when they were ready and those where work seemed too far off. Among the first two groups, the themes of constantly recalibrating expectations, having a supportive employer, control/autonomy over work role, exploring options, maintaining hope and knowing work will be there when I am ready, were prevalent. For participants where work seemed too far off, two themes, I don’t know if I can work and rehabilitation is my priority, were identified. The resulting model highlighted that RTW pathways following SCI are complex and non-linear. CONCLUSION: While RTW may be reasonably straightforward for some, for others it can be more circuitous and difficult to navigate. Therefore, vocational rehabilitation programmes should consider where the individual is on the RTW pathway and provide appropriate individualised interventions.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139340959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ada Chen, John O’Neill, Kimberly G. Phillips, A. Houtenville, Elaine Katz
BACKGROUND: Employers are increasingly interested in the inclusion of employees with disabilities in the workplace. To be inclusive, employers need effective strategies for recruiting people with disabilities (PWD) that supervisors can endorse, as they are ultimately accountable for the success of all employees that they supervise, including people with disabilities. To date, little research has focused on effective practices for recruiting people with disabilities or the supervisors’ perspectives on successful disability recruitment practices. OBJECTIVE: This study presents results from the 2017 Kessler Foundation National Employment and Disability Survey-Supervisor Perspectives (KFNEDS-SP) that utilized a novel approach to investigating employer organizational characteristics and practices related to the recruitment of PWD. METHODS: The KFNEDS-SP is a web-based survey that used standard, replicable survey methods to collect data from a Qualtrics business-to-business panel of supervisors at U.S. organizations. Respondents included 6,530 supervisors ages 18 and older from private, nonprofit, and governmental organizations across industries. RESULTS: The results show that several organizational characteristics and practices are significantly associated with supervisor perceived effectiveness of disability recruitment processes. The degree of effort put forth to recruit people with disabilities, commitment from upper management in hiring and accommodating employees with disabilities, training hiring managers in accessible recruitment and interview practices for people with disabilities were all positively related to supervisors’ perceived effectiveness of their organizations’ disability recruitment processes. However, organizations that put a lot of effort into recruiting for diversity or had diversity hiring goals were less likely to be perceived by supervisors to have effective disability recruitment processes. CONCLUSION: Supervisors are at the center of an organization’s effort to include people with disabilities in the workplace and, as such, are good barometers of what works and does not work to support the recruitment, hiring and onboarding of people with disabilities. The results of this study point to several organizational characteristics and practices that individually and together are likely to support efforts to include people with disabilities in the workplace. Disability workforce intermediaries can use these findings to assist businesses successfully include people with disabilities in their workforce.
{"title":"Relationship of business practices and characteristics to supervisors’ perceived effectiveness of disability recruitment","authors":"Ada Chen, John O’Neill, Kimberly G. Phillips, A. Houtenville, Elaine Katz","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230047","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Employers are increasingly interested in the inclusion of employees with disabilities in the workplace. To be inclusive, employers need effective strategies for recruiting people with disabilities (PWD) that supervisors can endorse, as they are ultimately accountable for the success of all employees that they supervise, including people with disabilities. To date, little research has focused on effective practices for recruiting people with disabilities or the supervisors’ perspectives on successful disability recruitment practices. OBJECTIVE: This study presents results from the 2017 Kessler Foundation National Employment and Disability Survey-Supervisor Perspectives (KFNEDS-SP) that utilized a novel approach to investigating employer organizational characteristics and practices related to the recruitment of PWD. METHODS: The KFNEDS-SP is a web-based survey that used standard, replicable survey methods to collect data from a Qualtrics business-to-business panel of supervisors at U.S. organizations. Respondents included 6,530 supervisors ages 18 and older from private, nonprofit, and governmental organizations across industries. RESULTS: The results show that several organizational characteristics and practices are significantly associated with supervisor perceived effectiveness of disability recruitment processes. The degree of effort put forth to recruit people with disabilities, commitment from upper management in hiring and accommodating employees with disabilities, training hiring managers in accessible recruitment and interview practices for people with disabilities were all positively related to supervisors’ perceived effectiveness of their organizations’ disability recruitment processes. However, organizations that put a lot of effort into recruiting for diversity or had diversity hiring goals were less likely to be perceived by supervisors to have effective disability recruitment processes. CONCLUSION: Supervisors are at the center of an organization’s effort to include people with disabilities in the workplace and, as such, are good barometers of what works and does not work to support the recruitment, hiring and onboarding of people with disabilities. The results of this study point to several organizational characteristics and practices that individually and together are likely to support efforts to include people with disabilities in the workplace. Disability workforce intermediaries can use these findings to assist businesses successfully include people with disabilities in their workforce.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139340622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Although workplace injury rehabilitation is a significant economic and social burden for injured workers and the community, it remains inconclusive whether the worker’s choice of provider and treatment type influences these costs or the outcome of rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: This study explored what choices injured workers could access during rehabilitation in terms of their provider and treatment, what hindered or helped their choice, and whether workers perceived that choice influenced the outcome of their rehabilitation. METHODS: A mixed methods study was employed, utilising an online survey and semi-structured telephone interviews. RESULTS: Injured workers reported that being able to choose their provider and treatment was not straightforward. Obstacles included systemic rigidity, poor relationships between stakeholders, and unfamiliarity with the system. Most survey respondents perceived that the degree of choice they had in their treatment influenced the outcome of their rehabilitation and sometimes also their occupational bond, career, and finances. CONCLUSION: The study found that choice of provider and treatment type does matter for workers undergoing rehabilitation, impacting on outcomes including occupational bond, income, and disputes. In balancing the need for cost containment with social responsibility, both financial and psychosocial outcomes are relevant for those engaged in rehabilitation of injured workers.
{"title":"Choice and outcomes in worker injury rehabilitation: A mixed methods study","authors":"Olwen Anderson, V. McLennan, Christine Randall","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230048","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Although workplace injury rehabilitation is a significant economic and social burden for injured workers and the community, it remains inconclusive whether the worker’s choice of provider and treatment type influences these costs or the outcome of rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: This study explored what choices injured workers could access during rehabilitation in terms of their provider and treatment, what hindered or helped their choice, and whether workers perceived that choice influenced the outcome of their rehabilitation. METHODS: A mixed methods study was employed, utilising an online survey and semi-structured telephone interviews. RESULTS: Injured workers reported that being able to choose their provider and treatment was not straightforward. Obstacles included systemic rigidity, poor relationships between stakeholders, and unfamiliarity with the system. Most survey respondents perceived that the degree of choice they had in their treatment influenced the outcome of their rehabilitation and sometimes also their occupational bond, career, and finances. CONCLUSION: The study found that choice of provider and treatment type does matter for workers undergoing rehabilitation, impacting on outcomes including occupational bond, income, and disputes. In balancing the need for cost containment with social responsibility, both financial and psychosocial outcomes are relevant for those engaged in rehabilitation of injured workers.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139340768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weili Lu, Janice Oursler, N. Gao, Samantha J. Herrick, Jake Mariani, Jason Diviney, Crystal Socha, John Beninato
BACKGROUND: Work-related soft skills can be an important factor for successful employment outcomes, particularly for individuals with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: This study conducted two focus groups with stakeholders for two state Rehabilitation Councils to identify the needs of specific work-related soft skills for employment success of transition age youth with disabilities. METHODS: 30 participants including 10 individuals with disabilities, 5 family members of individuals with disabilities, 5 disability service providers, 9 disability advocates and 1 unidentified, completed two focus groups to identify a list of soft skills by importance for transition age youth with disabilities to succeed at work. RESULTS: Focus group participants reported that communication skills (face to face communication and emails to coworkers, customers, and employers), conflict resolution skills, advocacy skills, and professionalism are the most important soft skills for transition age youth with disabilities to be successful at work. CONCLUSION: Findings indicated soft skills are critical to work success for transition age youth with disabilities. Vocational rehabilitation providers should teach these critical soft skills when serving transition age youth with disabilities.
{"title":"Focus groups on employment related soft skills for transition age youth with disabilities","authors":"Weili Lu, Janice Oursler, N. Gao, Samantha J. Herrick, Jake Mariani, Jason Diviney, Crystal Socha, John Beninato","doi":"10.3233/jvr-230033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jvr-230033","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Work-related soft skills can be an important factor for successful employment outcomes, particularly for individuals with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: This study conducted two focus groups with stakeholders for two state Rehabilitation Councils to identify the needs of specific work-related soft skills for employment success of transition age youth with disabilities. METHODS: 30 participants including 10 individuals with disabilities, 5 family members of individuals with disabilities, 5 disability service providers, 9 disability advocates and 1 unidentified, completed two focus groups to identify a list of soft skills by importance for transition age youth with disabilities to succeed at work. RESULTS: Focus group participants reported that communication skills (face to face communication and emails to coworkers, customers, and employers), conflict resolution skills, advocacy skills, and professionalism are the most important soft skills for transition age youth with disabilities to be successful at work. CONCLUSION: Findings indicated soft skills are critical to work success for transition age youth with disabilities. Vocational rehabilitation providers should teach these critical soft skills when serving transition age youth with disabilities.","PeriodicalId":47208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85384089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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