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Friendship, markets and companionate robots for children 友谊、市场和陪伴儿童的机器人
IF 1 4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1093/jopedu/qhad039
Mary Healy
The aim of this article is to examine how markets enable companionship to be disconnected from the concept of friendship thus enabling an illusion of companionship without the demands of friendship. As friendship is a crucial early relationship for children, this is particularly germane to the world of education. It recognises the previous lack of philosophical attention to the idea of companionship—a key factor in friendship—and that this omission contributes to a lack of clarity on a variety of issues. Starting with a brief outline of companion friendship, the article examines the idea of the ‘intimate work’ of friendship within the market domain by considering three illustrative examples: first, rent-a-friend; secondly paid companionship; ending with companionate robots for children. It then concludes by contending that this is an important issue for children and their development and thus for education.
本文的目的是研究市场如何使友谊与友谊的概念脱节,从而产生一种没有友谊要求的友谊幻觉。由于友谊对孩子们来说是一种至关重要的早期关系,这与教育世界尤其密切。它承认,以前对友谊这一友谊的关键因素缺乏哲学上的关注,而这一遗漏导致了对各种问题缺乏明确性。本文从伴侣友谊的简要概述开始,通过三个例证来考察市场领域内友谊“亲密工作”的概念:第一,租朋友;其次是有偿陪伴;以友好的儿童机器人结束。然后,报告最后指出,这对儿童及其发展以及教育来说都是一个重要问题。
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引用次数: 0
The epistemologies of the South and the future of the university 南方的认识论和大学的未来
IF 1 4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.1093/jopedu/qhad038
B. Santos
Even though the university has the potential to help humanity in what amounts to a paradigmatic transition, it has been very restrictive and very selective in the kinds of knowledges it validates. In fact, the kinds of knowledges in which it has excelled are those most responsible for the paradigmatic crisis in which humanity finds itself. In a nutshell, the paradigmatic change calls for cognitive justice, justice for the different ways of knowing that circulate in society. Cognitive justice is the polar opposite of ‘anything goes’. The assumption is that there is no global social justice without global cognitive justice, justice among knowledges. Looking back, while privileging one specific kind of knowledge and, indeed, granting it a cognitive monopoly, the university has been the privileged site for producing and legitimating cognitive injustice. As a result, the immense epistemic diversity of the world has been ignored or suppressed. In the following, I will identify the problem and the promise for overcoming it.
尽管这所大学有潜力帮助人类实现范式转变,但它在验证的知识种类上一直非常严格和选择性。事实上,它所擅长的知识是对人类所处的典型危机负有最大责任的。简言之,范式的变化要求认知的公正,对社会中流传的不同认识方式的公正。认知正义与“一切顺利”截然相反。假设没有全球认知正义,即知识之间的正义,就没有全球社会正义。回过头来看,在赋予一种特定知识特权,事实上,赋予其认知垄断的同时,大学一直是产生认知不公正并使其合法化的特权场所。因此,世界巨大的认识多样性被忽视或压制了。在下文中,我将确定这个问题以及克服它的承诺。
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引用次数: 0
Plato’s Legacy: Alive and Well 柏拉图的遗产:活得好
4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/jopedu/qhad047
Mark E Jonas, Yoshiaki Nakazawa
Abstract In this essay, we outline the central thesis of our recent book: A Platonic Theory of Moral Education: Cultivating Virtue in Contemporary Democratic Classrooms. We argue that the ethical, epistemological, political, and metaphysical doctrines typically attributed to Plato are not doctrines Plato holds, or at least are not doctrines that he holds in the way he is interpreted to have done. We claim that if we understand Plato’s relationship to these supposed doctrines better, we would discover that Plato’s views are not wildly implausible or ill-suited for contemporary democracies and the schooling they provide for their children. Rather, they are plausible and well-suited to contemporary democratic education. This essay briefly outlines some of our reasons for holding this position.
在这篇文章中,我们概述了我们新书的中心论点:柏拉图式的道德教育理论:在当代民主课堂中培养美德。我们认为,柏拉图的伦理,认识论,政治和形而上学的教义,并不是柏拉图所持有的教义,或者至少不是他所持有的那种被解释为他所做过的教义。我们认为,如果我们更好地理解柏拉图与这些假想的学说之间的关系,我们就会发现柏拉图的观点并非完全不可信或不适合当代民主国家及其为子女提供的教育。相反,它们是可信的,非常适合当代民主教育。这篇文章简要概述了我们持有这一立场的一些原因。
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引用次数: 0
Reevaluating Plato’s Legacy to Education: An Introduction to the Suite 重新评价柏拉图对教育的遗产:套件导论
4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/jopedu/qhad044
Douglas W Yacek
Abstract Plato scholarship in education is currently experiencing a marked renaissance. In the last half decade, dozens of articles have been published in the journals of philosophy of education that engage with Plato’s educational vision, and several book-length treatments have appeared at major publishing houses alongside these articles. From one perspective, this development might seem surprising, even baffling. Plato, as we hear from countless, seemingly reliable sources, is a metaphysician par excellence. He believes in a dubious realm of forms that somehow stands above or behind the things we see in the world. He claims that all learning is ultimately recollection from a time in which our soul resided in this realm, before it was infused into our bodies at birth. He is a trenchant critic of democracy. Given these credentials, it would seem that Plato has very little to say to us in post-metaphysical democratic societies and especially to teachers who hope to have a bit more success than Socrates. And yet the authors of the aforementioned works on Plato argue the very opposite. Plato is an indispensable conversation partner for contemporary educational philosophy and theory, they maintain, and overlooking his insights would seriously impoverish our conceptions and methods of education. This suite of papers aims to provide a helpful overview of the contemporary debate concerning Plato’s educational legacy and show that it provides important guidance for educators today.
柏拉图教育研究目前正经历着一场显著的复兴。在过去的五年里,教育哲学期刊上发表了数十篇涉及柏拉图教育愿景的文章,在这些文章的同时,主要出版社还出版了几本书长的论著。从某种角度来看,这种发展似乎令人惊讶,甚至令人困惑。我们从无数看似可靠的资料中得知,柏拉图是一位出类拔萃的形而上学家。他相信在某种程度上存在于我们在世界上看到的事物之上或背后的可疑的形式领域。他声称,所有的学习最终都是对我们的灵魂在出生时被注入我们身体之前居住在这个领域的时间的回忆。他是民主的尖锐批评者。鉴于这些凭据,柏拉图似乎对后形而上学民主社会的我们,尤其是对那些希望比苏格拉底更成功的教师,没什么可说的了。然而,上述关于柏拉图的著作的作者们却持相反的观点。他们认为,柏拉图是当代教育哲学和教育理论不可或缺的对话伙伴,忽视他的见解将严重削弱我们的教育观念和教育方法。这一套论文的目的是提供一个有益的概述有关柏拉图的教育遗产当代辩论,并表明它提供了重要的指导,今天的教育家。
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking philosophy for children: Agamben and education as pure means 重新思考儿童哲学:阿甘本和教育作为纯粹的手段
4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/jopedu/qhad041
Claire Cassidy
Journal Article Corrected proof Rethinking philosophy for children: Agamben and education as pure means Get access T. E. Lewis and I. JasinskiLondon: Bloomsbury, 2022, 156pp, Hardback: £85.50 Paperback: £26.09 ISBN 978-1-350-13357-0 (hardcover) Claire Cassidy Claire Cassidy Strathclyde Institute of Education, Lord Hope Building, St James Road, Glasgow G4 0LT, Scotland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Philosophy of Education, qhad041, https://doi.org/10.1093/jopedu/qhad041 Published: 03 August 2023 Article history Published: 03 August 2023 Corrected and typeset: 20 September 2023
期刊文章更正证明重新思考儿童哲学:阿甘本和教育作为纯粹的手段获取T. E. Lewis和I. jasinskildon: Bloomsbury, 2022, 156页,精装:85.50英镑平装:26.09英镑ISBN 978-1-350-13357-0(精装)Claire Cassidy Claire Cassidy Strathclyde教育研究所,Lord Hope Building, St James Road, Glasgow g40lt, Scotland搜索作者的其他作品:牛津学术谷歌学者教育哲学杂志,qhad041, https://doi.org/10.1093/jopedu/qhad041出版日期:2023年8月3日文章历史出版日期:2023年8月3日校正和排版:2023年9月20日
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引用次数: 0
Moral Education as the Practice of Virtue 作为美德实践的道德教育
4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/jopedu/qhad048
Rachel Ann Longa
Abstract This article proposes to reconceive moral education on the model of spiritual practice. Such an education would be defined not by its content—that is, explicit instruction about moral rules or particular virtues—but rather by the form of its constituent activities. Drawing on the works of both Plato and Foucault, the article addresses questions about the epistemic complexity of virtue raised in Mark E. Jonas and Yoshiaka Nakzawa’s A Platonic Theory of Moral Education. It then goes on to suggest that the form of spiritual practice is uniquely suited to the cultivation of virtue understood on their Platonic model.
摘要本文提出以精神实践为模式来重新认识道德教育。这样的教育不是由其内容——即关于道德规则或特定美德的明确指导——而是由其组成活动的形式来定义的。这篇文章借鉴了柏拉图和福柯的著作,探讨了马克·e·乔纳斯和中泽良aka的《柏拉图式道德教育理论》中提出的关于美德认知复杂性的问题。接着指出,精神实践的形式是唯一适合于美德培养的柏拉图模式。
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引用次数: 0
Should teachers use Platonic or Aristotelian dialogues for the moral education of young people? 教师应该使用柏拉图式或亚里士多德式的对话来进行年轻人的道德教育吗?
4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/jopedu/qhad045
Wouter Sanderse
Abstract Is a neo-Platonic theory of moral education better than a neo-Aristotelian one, because the former offers a dialogue method that teachers can use in universities to induce epiphanies in students, in order to jump-start the moral development of those with a rather vicious character? In this paper, this claim, put forward by Jonas and Nakazawa in their book A Platonic Theory of Moral Education, is evaluated. Admittedly, the Nicomachean Ethics, which came to us in the form of a collection of edited lecture notes, gives the impression that Aristotle was not interested in dialogue. But by looking at the dialogical form of the Ethics and by consulting some of his ideas on logic, I show that Aristotle’s oeuvre does include valuable ideas about how teachers may conduct dialogues with their students. These dialogues may not yield epiphanies and will not convert vicious adults, but they are suitable for reaching most students and can appeal to their emotions and practical wisdom. While Jonas and Nakazawa argue that Plato and Aristotle only agree on the centrality of habituation, imitation, and role-modelling in their accounts of moral education, I conclude that dialogue should be added to that list.
新柏拉图主义的道德教育理论是否比新亚里士多德主义的道德教育理论更好,因为前者提供了一种对话的方法,教师可以在大学里使用它来诱导学生的顿悟,从而启动那些具有相当邪恶性格的人的道德发展?本文对乔纳斯和中泽在《柏拉图式道德教育理论》一书中提出的这一主张进行了评价。无可否认,《尼各马可伦理学》以编辑过的课堂讲稿合集的形式呈现给我们,给人的印象是亚里士多德对对话不感兴趣。但是,通过观察《伦理学》的对话形式,并参考他的一些逻辑思想,我表明亚里士多德的全部作品确实包含了关于教师如何与学生进行对话的有价值的思想。这些对话可能不会产生顿悟,也不会改变恶毒的成年人,但它们适合大多数学生,可以吸引他们的情感和实践智慧。虽然Jonas和Nakazawa认为柏拉图和亚里士多德只同意习惯化、模仿和角色塑造在他们对道德教育的描述中的中心地位,但我的结论是,对话应该被添加到这个列表中。
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引用次数: 0
Platonic Character Education 柏拉图式人格教育
4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/jopedu/qhad050
Avi I Mintz
Abstract In A Platonic Theory of Moral Education, Mark Jonas and Yoshiaki Nakazawa have argued that Plato outlines a theory of virtue education. Alkis Kotsonis has similarly argued that Plato articulated a theory of intellectual character education. I think that Jonas, Nakazawa, and Kotsonis have opened a productive line of enquiry on this matter, and I expand on their work in this paper by identifying connections between Plato’s work and the contemporary discourse on character education, which features four domains of virtues: moral, intellectual, civic, and performance virtues. Plato’s treatment of virtue, I argue, not only can be mapped onto the contemporary treatment of character education but it also further demonstrates that cultivating virtue—the project of character education—was a paramount concern for Plato.
在《柏拉图的道德教育理论》一书中,马克·乔纳斯和中泽义明认为柏拉图概述了一种美德教育理论。阿尔基斯·科索尼斯(Alkis Kotsonis)同样认为,柏拉图阐述了一种智力素质教育理论。我认为Jonas, Nakazawa和Kotsonis已经在这个问题上开辟了一条富有成效的研究路线,我在本文中通过确定柏拉图的工作与当代品格教育话语之间的联系来扩展他们的工作,品格教育以四个美德领域为特征:道德美德,智力美德,公民美德和表现美德。我认为,柏拉图对美德的看法不仅可以映射到当代对品格教育的看法,而且还进一步表明,培养美德——品格教育的项目——是柏拉图最关心的问题。
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引用次数: 0
The Limits of Platonic Modeling and Moral Education: A View from the Classroom 柏拉图式模式化与道德教育的局限:一个课堂视角
4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/jopedu/qhad046
Matthew J Berk
ABSTRACT Educators are conflicted about whether school provides an appropriate space to teach ethics. Still, they want to develop the moral character of their students, and most of these efforts have used various citizenship values to address our frustration with students’ ‘lack of character’. Recently, a wave of work in the philosophy of education has rejuvenated discussion of Aristotelian virtue ethics, which forms the backbone for programmes that many schools are now adopting. Mark Jonas and Yoshiaki Nakazawa, however, argue that schools should revisit Plato’s pedagogical methods, as well. If educators want to develop virtue in students, they need to understand the mechanism behind moral development. Guided by Plato, they argue that expert teachers use psychological, pedagogical, and philosophical reasoning to induce epiphanies in students, then guide them through virtue-oriented rehabituation. The goal of this article is to explore the legitimacy of Jonas and Nakazawa’s Platonic theory. I begin by describing the state of modern democratic education and its relationship to teaching ethics. I argue that character development is the appropriate route educators should take but that Jonas and Nakazawa’s theory only gives educators a partial understanding of how to do so. They give a plausible model for how our best educators are effective, but we are left wanting a much more robust, instructive picture. I suggest that we need a broader overhaul of the way we view education in a modern democratic society; character development must proceed from a different normative picture of the individual’s place in society.
教育工作者对学校是否提供了一个适当的空间来教授伦理学感到矛盾。尽管如此,他们还是希望培养学生的道德品质,而这些努力中的大多数都利用了各种公民价值观来解决我们对学生“缺乏品格”的失望。最近,在教育哲学方面的一波工作使关于亚里士多德美德伦理学的讨论重新焕发了活力,这构成了许多学校现在采用的课程的支柱。然而,Mark Jonas和Yoshiaki Nakazawa认为学校也应该重新审视柏拉图的教学方法。如果教育者想要培养学生的美德,他们需要了解道德发展背后的机制。在柏拉图的指导下,他们认为专家教师使用心理学,教育学和哲学推理来诱导学生的顿悟,然后引导他们通过以美德为导向的康复。本文的目的是探讨乔纳斯和中泽的柏拉图理论的合法性。我首先描述了现代民主教育的现状及其与教学伦理的关系。我认为性格发展是教育者应该采取的适当途径,但Jonas和Nakazawa的理论只是让教育者对如何做到这一点有了部分理解。他们给出了一个合理的模型,说明我们最好的教育者是如何有效的,但我们还需要一个更有力、更有启发性的图景。我建议,我们需要对现代民主社会中我们看待教育的方式进行更广泛的彻底改革;性格的发展必须从个人在社会中地位的不同规范图景出发。
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引用次数: 0
Plato’s Legacy to Education: Addressing Two Misunderstandings 柏拉图对教育的遗产:解决两个误解
4区 教育学 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/jopedu/qhad049
Alkis Kotsonis
Abstract Building on Jonas and Nakazawa’s recent work (A Platonic Theory of Moral Education), my aim in this paper is to address two widespread misunderstandings of Plato’s ideas about education. The first is that the Platonic theory of education is nonegalitarian, promoting an educational system that justifies and perpetuates a caste-based society. The second is that the Platonic conception of the virtuous agent is primitive and far inferior to the Aristotelian conception, especially concerning the psychological make-up of the virtuous agent. By exploring some of the ways these misreadings can be countered, I defend the value of the Platonic educational theory for contemporary education and show the value of Jonas and Nakazawa’s project.
在乔纳斯和中泽最近的著作(《柏拉图式道德教育理论》)的基础上,我在本文中的目的是解决柏拉图关于教育思想的两个普遍误解。首先,柏拉图式的教育理论是非平等主义的,它提倡一种为以种姓为基础的社会辩护并使其永久化的教育制度。第二,柏拉图关于美德主体的概念是原始的,远不如亚里士多德的概念,特别是关于美德主体的心理构成。通过探索这些误读可以被反击的一些方法,我捍卫了柏拉图式教育理论对当代教育的价值,并展示了乔纳斯和中泽的项目的价值。
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引用次数: 0
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