Pub Date : 2002-06-01DOI: 10.1080/13876980208412677
Keiko S. Hirata
Japan is often characterized as a developmental state, i.e., a state with a strong and autonomous bureaucratic leadership that directs the economy toward achieving developmental goals. This study challenges the developmental state model, arguing that the once-powerful Japanese bureaucracy has lost much of its authority and is no longer autonomous from societal forces. By focusing on the growing role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Japan's official development assistance (ODA) policymaking, this study shows how the nongovernmental sector has begun to challenge bureaucratic dominance and reshape state–civil society relations in Japan.
{"title":"Whither the Developmental State? The Growing Role of NGOs in Japanese Aid Policymaking","authors":"Keiko S. Hirata","doi":"10.1080/13876980208412677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13876980208412677","url":null,"abstract":"Japan is often characterized as a developmental state, i.e., a state with a strong and autonomous bureaucratic leadership that directs the economy toward achieving developmental goals. This study challenges the developmental state model, arguing that the once-powerful Japanese bureaucracy has lost much of its authority and is no longer autonomous from societal forces. By focusing on the growing role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Japan's official development assistance (ODA) policymaking, this study shows how the nongovernmental sector has begun to challenge bureaucratic dominance and reshape state–civil society relations in Japan.","PeriodicalId":47229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13876980208412677","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60015489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Organizational Culture: Mapping the Terrain by Joanne, Martin","authors":"W. Thorngate","doi":"10.1023/A:1015468409408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015468409408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1023/A:1015468409408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57221773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-06-01DOI: 10.1080/13876980208412676
Stephen S. Standifird, M. Weinstein
The purpose of this analysis is to investigate the influence of economic and sociological institutional constraints in determining the legitimacy of firms. This study specifically looks at the importance of regulatory and transnational institutional constraints for firms traded on the Warsaw, Budapest, and Prague stock exchanges. The results indicate that a well-regulated securities environment has a direct impact on the ability of firms to establish organizational legitimacy. We also find that, lacking local regulation, firms can increase their legitimacy by adopting international accounting standards. Thus, we find support for the assertion that both economic and sociological “solutions” to the problem of legitimacy are appropriate for firms operating in an emerging market.
{"title":"Establishing Legitimacy in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Comparison of the Warsaw, Budapest, and Prague Stock Exchanges","authors":"Stephen S. Standifird, M. Weinstein","doi":"10.1080/13876980208412676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13876980208412676","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this analysis is to investigate the influence of economic and sociological institutional constraints in determining the legitimacy of firms. This study specifically looks at the importance of regulatory and transnational institutional constraints for firms traded on the Warsaw, Budapest, and Prague stock exchanges. The results indicate that a well-regulated securities environment has a direct impact on the ability of firms to establish organizational legitimacy. We also find that, lacking local regulation, firms can increase their legitimacy by adopting international accounting standards. Thus, we find support for the assertion that both economic and sociological “solutions” to the problem of legitimacy are appropriate for firms operating in an emerging market.","PeriodicalId":47229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13876980208412676","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60015373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The New Public Management: Improving Research and Policy Dialogue, by Michael Barzelay","authors":"L. R. Jones","doi":"10.1023/A:1014927607218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014927607218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1023/A:1014927607218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57172435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1080/13876980208412670
R. Marks
We distinguish two types of public policy issues: direct issues, in which concern comes bottom-up from the electorate at large; and derived issues, in which pressure for change comes top-down from expert opinion. We outline two continuing, contentious issues: policies towards illegal drug use and policies towards the prospect of global climate change. We argue that the media play a role in both policies' formulation: chaneling concern up in direct policy, and maintaining general interest and motivating the electorate to accept the pain of change in derived policy.
{"title":"Direct and Derived Policies: Illicit Drug Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Australia","authors":"R. Marks","doi":"10.1080/13876980208412670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13876980208412670","url":null,"abstract":"We distinguish two types of public policy issues: direct issues, in which concern comes bottom-up from the electorate at large; and derived issues, in which pressure for change comes top-down from expert opinion. We outline two continuing, contentious issues: policies towards illegal drug use and policies towards the prospect of global climate change. We argue that the media play a role in both policies' formulation: chaneling concern up in direct policy, and maintaining general interest and motivating the electorate to accept the pain of change in derived policy.","PeriodicalId":47229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13876980208412670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60015585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1080/13876980208412668
M. Delmas, Ann Terlaak
Negotiated Agreements (NAs) are arrangements between firms and regulators in which firms voluntarily agree to reduce their pollution. This article analyzes the institutional features that facilitate or hamper the implementation of NAs. We illustrate the analysis with case studies on the implementation of NAs in the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, and France. We find that NAs are implemented when regulators are able to commit credibly to the objectives of NAs. Institutional environments marked by fragmentation of power and open access in policymaking reduce regulatory credibility and thus hamper the implementation of NAs.
{"title":"Regulatory Commitment to Negotiated Agreements: Evidence from the United States, Germany, The Netherlands, and France","authors":"M. Delmas, Ann Terlaak","doi":"10.1080/13876980208412668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13876980208412668","url":null,"abstract":"Negotiated Agreements (NAs) are arrangements between firms and regulators in which firms voluntarily agree to reduce their pollution. This article analyzes the institutional features that facilitate or hamper the implementation of NAs. We illustrate the analysis with case studies on the implementation of NAs in the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, and France. We find that NAs are implemented when regulators are able to commit credibly to the objectives of NAs. Institutional environments marked by fragmentation of power and open access in policymaking reduce regulatory credibility and thus hamper the implementation of NAs.","PeriodicalId":47229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13876980208412668","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60015479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1080/13876980208412671
I. Sharkansky
Slogans are essential in politics and other endeavors of mass persuasion. Many are benign, but some are troublesome. Here the concern is with those that achieve so much popular success that they become identified with policies and render it difficult for elected officials to consider changes in programs even in the face of substantial indications that change is warranted.
{"title":"Slogan as Policy","authors":"I. Sharkansky","doi":"10.1080/13876980208412671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13876980208412671","url":null,"abstract":"Slogans are essential in politics and other endeavors of mass persuasion. Many are benign, but some are troublesome. Here the concern is with those that achieve so much popular success that they become identified with policies and render it difficult for elected officials to consider changes in programs even in the face of substantial indications that change is warranted.","PeriodicalId":47229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13876980208412671","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60015633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1080/13876980208412669
Michael Howlett, M. Ramesh
This article contributes to a better understanding of contemporary policy analysis and management by setting out the parameters for analyzing policy change induced by internationalization. It first maps the dynamics of policy change in domestic settings and then explores how internationalization has affected the dynamics identified. The central proposition of the article is that internationalization promotes the restructuring of policy subsystems in such as way as to form hospitable circumstances for swifter and deeper policy changes than would otherwise be the case. However, the analysis suggests that this is a two-stage process in that once its initial impact is felt, internationalization serves to entrench and stabilize reconstructed policy systems, thus constraining the scope for further change.
{"title":"The Policy Effects of Internationalization: A Subsystem Adjustment Analysis of Policy Change","authors":"Michael Howlett, M. Ramesh","doi":"10.1080/13876980208412669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13876980208412669","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to a better understanding of contemporary policy analysis and management by setting out the parameters for analyzing policy change induced by internationalization. It first maps the dynamics of policy change in domestic settings and then explores how internationalization has affected the dynamics identified. The central proposition of the article is that internationalization promotes the restructuring of policy subsystems in such as way as to form hospitable circumstances for swifter and deeper policy changes than would otherwise be the case. However, the analysis suggests that this is a two-stage process in that once its initial impact is felt, internationalization serves to entrench and stabilize reconstructed policy systems, thus constraining the scope for further change.","PeriodicalId":47229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13876980208412669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60015518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-01DOI: 10.1080/13876980108412662
Katherine A. H. Graham, A. Maslove, S. Phillips
This article examines the saga of local government restructuring in Canada's capital city. Specifically, it analyzes the interplay between provincial and local agendas for local government reform over many years, which culminated in provincial legislation and a one-year transition process to establish one municipality for the Ottawa city region. In doing so, the article addresses the extent to which the Ottawa transition demonstrates learning from other major urban restructuring efforts and the extent to which the Ottawa case provides new insights for future local government reform efforts. Key conclusions are that the key motivation for provincially initiated reform—cost saving through simplification of the local government structure in Ottawa—does not fully coincide with local needs and interests. Furthermore, the promise of financial savings has proven difficult to realize as a result of the local politics surrounding existing municipal debt and unresolved human resource management costs. Instead, future benefits from the amalgamation may lie in improved capacity to manage physical development, environmental sustainability, and cultural diversity.
{"title":"Learning from Experience? Ottawa as a Cautionary Tale of Reforming Urban Government","authors":"Katherine A. H. Graham, A. Maslove, S. Phillips","doi":"10.1080/13876980108412662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13876980108412662","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the saga of local government restructuring in Canada's capital city. Specifically, it analyzes the interplay between provincial and local agendas for local government reform over many years, which culminated in provincial legislation and a one-year transition process to establish one municipality for the Ottawa city region. In doing so, the article addresses the extent to which the Ottawa transition demonstrates learning from other major urban restructuring efforts and the extent to which the Ottawa case provides new insights for future local government reform efforts. Key conclusions are that the key motivation for provincially initiated reform—cost saving through simplification of the local government structure in Ottawa—does not fully coincide with local needs and interests. Furthermore, the promise of financial savings has proven difficult to realize as a result of the local politics surrounding existing municipal debt and unresolved human resource management costs. Instead, future benefits from the amalgamation may lie in improved capacity to manage physical development, environmental sustainability, and cultural diversity.","PeriodicalId":47229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13876980108412662","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60015418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-01DOI: 10.1080/13876980108412663
C. Pollitt, K. Bathgate, J. Caulfield, A. Smullen, C. Talbot
In the last 15 years, the governments of many OECD countries have transferred a wide range of functions to new, agency-type organizations. Allowing for the fact that, for comparative purposes, it is difficult precisely to define agencies, and further acknowledging that in many countries agencies are far from being new, it nevertheless remains the case that there seems to have been a strong fashion for this particular organizational solution.This article investigates the apparent international convergence towards “agencification.” It seeks to identify the reasons for, and depth of, the trend. It asks to what extent practice has followed rhetoric. The emerging picture is a complex one. On the one hand, there seems to be a widespread belief, derived from a variety of theoretical traditions, that agencification can unleash performance improvements. On the other hand, systematic evidence for some of the hypothetical benefits is very patchy. Furthermore, the diversity of actual practice in different countries has been so great that there must sometimes be considerable doubt as to whether the basic requirements for successful performance management are being met.
{"title":"Agency Fever? Analysis of an International Policy Fashion","authors":"C. Pollitt, K. Bathgate, J. Caulfield, A. Smullen, C. Talbot","doi":"10.1080/13876980108412663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13876980108412663","url":null,"abstract":"In the last 15 years, the governments of many OECD countries have transferred a wide range of functions to new, agency-type organizations. Allowing for the fact that, for comparative purposes, it is difficult precisely to define agencies, and further acknowledging that in many countries agencies are far from being new, it nevertheless remains the case that there seems to have been a strong fashion for this particular organizational solution.This article investigates the apparent international convergence towards “agencification.” It seeks to identify the reasons for, and depth of, the trend. It asks to what extent practice has followed rhetoric. The emerging picture is a complex one. On the one hand, there seems to be a widespread belief, derived from a variety of theoretical traditions, that agencification can unleash performance improvements. On the other hand, systematic evidence for some of the hypothetical benefits is very patchy. Furthermore, the diversity of actual practice in different countries has been so great that there must sometimes be considerable doubt as to whether the basic requirements for successful performance management are being met.","PeriodicalId":47229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13876980108412663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60015453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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