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Whither the Developmental State? The Growing Role of NGOs in Japanese Aid Policymaking 发展国家向何处去?非政府组织在日本援助政策制定中的作用日益增强
IF 3.3 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2002-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/13876980208412677
Keiko S. Hirata
Japan is often characterized as a developmental state, i.e., a state with a strong and autonomous bureaucratic leadership that directs the economy toward achieving developmental goals. This study challenges the developmental state model, arguing that the once-powerful Japanese bureaucracy has lost much of its authority and is no longer autonomous from societal forces. By focusing on the growing role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Japan's official development assistance (ODA) policymaking, this study shows how the nongovernmental sector has begun to challenge bureaucratic dominance and reshape state–civil society relations in Japan.
日本通常被认为是一个发展型国家,即一个拥有强大而自主的官僚领导的国家,它引导经济朝着实现发展目标的方向发展。这项研究挑战了发展中的国家模式,认为曾经强大的日本官僚机构已经失去了大部分权威,不再独立于社会力量之外。通过关注非政府组织(ngo)在日本官方发展援助(ODA)政策制定中日益增长的作用,本研究展示了非政府部门如何开始挑战官僚主义的主导地位,并重塑日本的国家-公民社会关系。
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引用次数: 21
Organizational Culture: Mapping the Terrain by Joanne, Martin 《组织文化:绘制地形》,作者:Joanne, Martin
IF 3.3 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2002-06-01 DOI: 10.1023/A:1015468409408
W. Thorngate
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引用次数: 4
Establishing Legitimacy in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Comparison of the Warsaw, Budapest, and Prague Stock Exchanges 在新兴市场建立合法性:华沙、布达佩斯和布拉格证券交易所的实证比较
IF 3.3 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2002-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/13876980208412676
Stephen S. Standifird, M. Weinstein
The purpose of this analysis is to investigate the influence of economic and sociological institutional constraints in determining the legitimacy of firms. This study specifically looks at the importance of regulatory and transnational institutional constraints for firms traded on the Warsaw, Budapest, and Prague stock exchanges. The results indicate that a well-regulated securities environment has a direct impact on the ability of firms to establish organizational legitimacy. We also find that, lacking local regulation, firms can increase their legitimacy by adopting international accounting standards. Thus, we find support for the assertion that both economic and sociological “solutions” to the problem of legitimacy are appropriate for firms operating in an emerging market.
本分析的目的是调查经济和社会制度约束在决定企业合法性方面的影响。本研究特别关注在华沙、布达佩斯和布拉格证券交易所交易的公司的监管和跨国制度约束的重要性。结果表明,监管良好的证券环境对公司建立组织合法性的能力有直接影响。我们还发现,在缺乏地方监管的情况下,企业可以通过采用国际会计准则来提高其合法性。因此,我们发现支持这样一种断言,即合法性问题的经济和社会学“解决方案”都适用于在新兴市场经营的公司。
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引用次数: 9
The New Public Management: Improving Research and Policy Dialogue, by Michael Barzelay 《新公共管理:改进研究与政策对话》,迈克尔·巴泽雷著
IF 3.3 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1023/A:1014927607218
L. R. Jones
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引用次数: 1
Direct and Derived Policies: Illicit Drug Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Australia 直接和衍生政策:澳大利亚的非法药物使用和温室气体排放
IF 3.3 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/13876980208412670
R. Marks
We distinguish two types of public policy issues: direct issues, in which concern comes bottom-up from the electorate at large; and derived issues, in which pressure for change comes top-down from expert opinion. We outline two continuing, contentious issues: policies towards illegal drug use and policies towards the prospect of global climate change. We argue that the media play a role in both policies' formulation: chaneling concern up in direct policy, and maintaining general interest and motivating the electorate to accept the pain of change in derived policy.
我们区分了两种类型的公共政策问题:直接问题,其中关注来自全体选民的自下而上的问题;以及衍生问题,其中要求变革的压力来自自上而下的专家意见。我们概述了两个持续的、有争议的问题:针对非法药物使用的政策和针对全球气候变化前景的政策。我们认为,媒体在两种政策的制定中都发挥了作用:在直接政策中引导关注,在衍生政策中维护普遍利益并激励选民接受变化的痛苦。
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引用次数: 0
Regulatory Commitment to Negotiated Agreements: Evidence from the United States, Germany, The Netherlands, and France 对协商协议的监管承诺:来自美国、德国、荷兰和法国的证据
IF 3.3 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/13876980208412668
M. Delmas, Ann Terlaak
Negotiated Agreements (NAs) are arrangements between firms and regulators in which firms voluntarily agree to reduce their pollution. This article analyzes the institutional features that facilitate or hamper the implementation of NAs. We illustrate the analysis with case studies on the implementation of NAs in the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, and France. We find that NAs are implemented when regulators are able to commit credibly to the objectives of NAs. Institutional environments marked by fragmentation of power and open access in policymaking reduce regulatory credibility and thus hamper the implementation of NAs.
谈判协议(NAs)是企业与监管机构之间自愿同意减少污染的安排。本文分析了促进或阻碍NAs实施的制度特征。我们通过对美国、德国、荷兰和法国实施NAs的案例研究来说明这一分析。我们发现,当监管机构能够可靠地致力于NAs的目标时,NAs就会实施。以权力分散和决策开放为特征的制度环境降低了监管的可信度,从而阻碍了NAs的实施。
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引用次数: 60
Slogan as Policy 口号即政策
IF 3.3 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/13876980208412671
I. Sharkansky
Slogans are essential in politics and other endeavors of mass persuasion. Many are benign, but some are troublesome. Here the concern is with those that achieve so much popular success that they become identified with policies and render it difficult for elected officials to consider changes in programs even in the face of substantial indications that change is warranted.
口号在政治和其他说服大众的努力中是必不可少的。许多是良性的,但有些是麻烦的。这里关注的是那些在公众中获得如此巨大成功的人,他们变得与政策一致,使得民选官员很难考虑对项目进行改革,即使有大量迹象表明改革是有必要的。
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引用次数: 9
The Policy Effects of Internationalization: A Subsystem Adjustment Analysis of Policy Change 国际化的政策效应:政策变迁的子系统调整分析
IF 3.3 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/13876980208412669
Michael Howlett, M. Ramesh
This article contributes to a better understanding of contemporary policy analysis and management by setting out the parameters for analyzing policy change induced by internationalization. It first maps the dynamics of policy change in domestic settings and then explores how internationalization has affected the dynamics identified. The central proposition of the article is that internationalization promotes the restructuring of policy subsystems in such as way as to form hospitable circumstances for swifter and deeper policy changes than would otherwise be the case. However, the analysis suggests that this is a two-stage process in that once its initial impact is felt, internationalization serves to entrench and stabilize reconstructed policy systems, thus constraining the scope for further change.
本文通过设定分析国际化引发的政策变化的参数,有助于更好地理解当代政策分析和管理。它首先描绘了国内环境中政策变化的动态,然后探讨了国际化如何影响所确定的动态。本文的中心命题是,国际化促进了政策子系统的重组,从而为更快、更深入的政策变化形成了有利的环境。然而,分析表明,这是一个两个阶段的过程,因为一旦感受到其最初的影响,国际化就有助于巩固和稳定重建的政策系统,从而限制进一步变化的范围。
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引用次数: 121
Learning from Experience? Ottawa as a Cautionary Tale of Reforming Urban Government 从经验中学习?渥太华:改革城市政府的警世故事
IF 3.3 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2001-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/13876980108412662
Katherine A. H. Graham, A. Maslove, S. Phillips
This article examines the saga of local government restructuring in Canada's capital city. Specifically, it analyzes the interplay between provincial and local agendas for local government reform over many years, which culminated in provincial legislation and a one-year transition process to establish one municipality for the Ottawa city region. In doing so, the article addresses the extent to which the Ottawa transition demonstrates learning from other major urban restructuring efforts and the extent to which the Ottawa case provides new insights for future local government reform efforts. Key conclusions are that the key motivation for provincially initiated reform—cost saving through simplification of the local government structure in Ottawa—does not fully coincide with local needs and interests. Furthermore, the promise of financial savings has proven difficult to realize as a result of the local politics surrounding existing municipal debt and unresolved human resource management costs. Instead, future benefits from the amalgamation may lie in improved capacity to manage physical development, environmental sustainability, and cultural diversity.
本文考察了加拿大首都地方政府重组的传奇故事。具体来说,它分析了多年来省级和地方政府改革议程之间的相互作用,这些议程最终以省级立法和为渥太华城市地区建立一个直辖市的一年过渡过程而告终。在此过程中,本文讨论了渥太华转型在多大程度上展示了从其他主要城市重组工作中学习的经验,以及渥太华案例在多大程度上为未来地方政府改革工作提供了新的见解。主要结论是,省府发起改革的主要动机——通过简化渥太华的地方政府结构来节省成本——并不完全符合当地的需求和利益。此外,由于围绕现有市政债务和尚未解决的人力资源管理费用的地方政治,节省财政的承诺已证明难以实现。相反,合并的未来好处可能在于提高管理物质发展、环境可持续性和文化多样性的能力。
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引用次数: 8
Agency Fever? Analysis of an International Policy Fashion 发烧的代理商吗?国际政策潮流分析
IF 3.3 3区 管理学 Q1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2001-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/13876980108412663
C. Pollitt, K. Bathgate, J. Caulfield, A. Smullen, C. Talbot
In the last 15 years, the governments of many OECD countries have transferred a wide range of functions to new, agency-type organizations. Allowing for the fact that, for comparative purposes, it is difficult precisely to define agencies, and further acknowledging that in many countries agencies are far from being new, it nevertheless remains the case that there seems to have been a strong fashion for this particular organizational solution.This article investigates the apparent international convergence towards “agencification.” It seeks to identify the reasons for, and depth of, the trend. It asks to what extent practice has followed rhetoric. The emerging picture is a complex one. On the one hand, there seems to be a widespread belief, derived from a variety of theoretical traditions, that agencification can unleash performance improvements. On the other hand, systematic evidence for some of the hypothetical benefits is very patchy. Furthermore, the diversity of actual practice in different countries has been so great that there must sometimes be considerable doubt as to whether the basic requirements for successful performance management are being met.
在过去的15年里,许多经合组织国家的政府已经将广泛的职能转移到新的机构型组织。考虑到为了比较的目的,很难精确地给机构下定义,并进一步承认在许多国家机构远不是新的,然而,这种特殊的组织解决办法似乎仍然是一种强烈的风尚。这篇文章探讨了明显的国际趋同的“代理”。它试图找出这一趋势的原因和深度。它问的是,实践在多大程度上遵循了修辞。新出现的情况是复杂的。一方面,似乎有一种广泛的信念,源于各种理论传统,代理可以释放绩效改进。另一方面,一些假设的好处的系统证据非常不完整。此外,不同国家的实际做法千差万别,因此有时对于是否满足了成功的业绩管理的基本要求一定会产生相当大的怀疑。
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引用次数: 82
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Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis
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