Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10508619.2021.1940531
W. Williamson, Christopher F. Silver, H. Streib
Most anyone who studies psychology of religion has encountered the name Ralph W. Hood, Jr. His perennial presence at research conferences and many contributions to the psychology of religion have now spanned more than five decades. This observation and his recent anniversary of 51 years at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) are timely reasons for dedicating a special issue to honor him in the journal he co-founded in 1992, with Laurence B. Brown and H. Newton Malony as co-editors, and himself as book review editor. Thus, we present this issue in recognition of Ralph and his considerable accomplishments in the psychology of religion. The six articles included here represent but a small sample of areas and people his research has touched. For those who have seen Ralph at research conferences, two things readily stand out: first, his trademark jeans, tie-dyed tee-shirt, and ball-cap are elevated to formal attire by the addition of a sports coat; and second, his conference presentations are always extemporaneous, enormously stimulating, and reflective of a well-read mind not only in psychology, but also in other disciplines. He can be seen conversing with established scholars on matters of research or shared personal interest, but also with young scholars who are striving to find their way into an academy that sometimes can be less than welcoming. Succinctly put, Ralph is a regular and unmistakable presence at these meetings. In his career, Ralph has served in many capacities, including president of APA Division 36, editor/co-editor of several journals (e.g., IJPR, the Archive, JSSR, etc.), editorial board member for numerous journals, and chair/member of multiple committees in professional organizations. He also has received a number of awards for his service and research contributions from APA Division 36 and other organizations. According to Bernie Spilka and Kevin Ladd (this issue), he “has been one of the most productive and innovative researchers in the psychology of religion.” He indeed has been prolific in authoring/coauthoring some 14 books (not to mention his textbook), over 65 book chapters and encyclopedia articles, and more than 160 journal articles. But perhaps the significance of his contribution to the psychology of religion is most emblematic in his longtime partnership with Bernie Spilka – another giant among us – as coauthor of The Psychology of Religion: An Empirical Approach, which was first published more than 35 years ago (Spilka et al., 1985). Since then, this work has dominated the field internationally as “the” textbook for students and scholars alike through five editions that critically summarize theories and empirical research (e.g., Hood et al., 2018). Ralph has influenced untold students and scholars in the psychology of religion. The many who know him personally can offer stories from treasure troves of memorable experiences that illustrate his deep concern for the welfare and professional development of
大多数研究宗教心理学的人都听说过小拉尔夫·胡德这个名字。50多年来，他一直在研究会议上露面，并对宗教心理学做出了许多贡献。这一观察以及最近他在查塔努加田纳西大学(University of Tennessee at Chattanooga)任教51周年的纪念日，正是他在1992年与人共同创办的杂志上专门为他制作一期特刊的及时理由。劳伦斯·b·布朗和h·牛顿·马洛尼担任联合编辑，他本人担任书评编辑。因此，我们提出这个问题，以表彰拉尔夫和他在宗教心理学方面的重大成就。这里包括的六篇文章只是他的研究触及的领域和人群的一小部分样本。对于那些在研究会议上见过拉尔夫的人来说，有两件事很容易引起注意:首先，他标志性的牛仔裤、扎染的t恤和球帽被一件运动外套提升为正装;其次，他在会议上的演讲总是即兴的，非常刺激，反映出他不仅在心理学方面，而且在其他学科方面都读得很好。可以看到他与知名学者就研究问题或共同的个人兴趣进行交谈，也可以看到他与正在努力寻找进入一个有时可能不那么受欢迎的学院的方法的年轻学者交谈。简而言之，拉尔夫是这些会议的常客。在他的职业生涯中，Ralph担任过许多职位，包括APA第36分部的主席，几个期刊的编辑/联合编辑(例如，IJPR, the Archive, JSSR等)，许多期刊的编辑委员会成员，以及多个专业组织委员会的主席/成员。他还因其服务和研究贡献获得了APA 36分部和其他组织的许多奖项。根据伯尼·斯皮卡和凯文·拉德(本期)的说法，他“是宗教心理学领域最富有成效、最具创新精神的研究者之一”。他确实是多产的作者/合著了大约14本书(更不用说他的教科书)，超过65本书章节和百科全书文章，以及160多篇期刊文章。但也许他对宗教心理学贡献的意义最具象征意义的是他与伯尼·斯皮卡——我们中的另一位巨人——作为《宗教心理学:经验主义方法》的合著者的长期合作关系，这本书于35年前首次出版(斯皮卡等人，1985年)。从那时起，这项工作作为学生和学者的“教科书”在国际上占据主导地位，通过五个版本批判性地总结理论和实证研究(例如，Hood等人，2018)。拉尔夫在宗教心理学方面影响了无数的学生和学者。许多认识他的人都可以从宝贵的难忘经历中提供故事，说明他对他人的福利和职业发展的深切关注。他对本科生和研究生的友善和耐心激励着他们效仿他身上的优秀品质。他支持他的学生，引导他们一路前行，尽管他也鼓励他们作为研究人员去发现自己的道路。正如以前的学生Job Chen(本期Chen & Patel)所说:“Ralph让我看到了自己的成就，让我探索自己的道路。”拉尔夫挑战学生和专业人士超越，并帮助他们在他们的职业生涯中进步，只要有可能。他也对经验丰富的学者产生了积极的影响。例如，彼得·希尔(本期)从拉尔夫那里学到，作为心理学家，“我们需要在智力上更加谦逊”，尊重研究参与者的宗教观点。在国际层面上，他的个人关系和研究合作为加强美国与欧洲、中东和亚洲宗教心理学家之间的关系做出了很大贡献。《国际宗教心理学杂志》2021年第31卷第1期。3,153 - 155 https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2021.1940531
{"title":"Introduction to Special Issue in Honor of Ralph W. Hood, Jr.","authors":"W. Williamson, Christopher F. Silver, H. Streib","doi":"10.1080/10508619.2021.1940531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2021.1940531","url":null,"abstract":"Most anyone who studies psychology of religion has encountered the name Ralph W. Hood, Jr. His perennial presence at research conferences and many contributions to the psychology of religion have now spanned more than five decades. This observation and his recent anniversary of 51 years at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) are timely reasons for dedicating a special issue to honor him in the journal he co-founded in 1992, with Laurence B. Brown and H. Newton Malony as co-editors, and himself as book review editor. Thus, we present this issue in recognition of Ralph and his considerable accomplishments in the psychology of religion. The six articles included here represent but a small sample of areas and people his research has touched. For those who have seen Ralph at research conferences, two things readily stand out: first, his trademark jeans, tie-dyed tee-shirt, and ball-cap are elevated to formal attire by the addition of a sports coat; and second, his conference presentations are always extemporaneous, enormously stimulating, and reflective of a well-read mind not only in psychology, but also in other disciplines. He can be seen conversing with established scholars on matters of research or shared personal interest, but also with young scholars who are striving to find their way into an academy that sometimes can be less than welcoming. Succinctly put, Ralph is a regular and unmistakable presence at these meetings. In his career, Ralph has served in many capacities, including president of APA Division 36, editor/co-editor of several journals (e.g., IJPR, the Archive, JSSR, etc.), editorial board member for numerous journals, and chair/member of multiple committees in professional organizations. He also has received a number of awards for his service and research contributions from APA Division 36 and other organizations. According to Bernie Spilka and Kevin Ladd (this issue), he “has been one of the most productive and innovative researchers in the psychology of religion.” He indeed has been prolific in authoring/coauthoring some 14 books (not to mention his textbook), over 65 book chapters and encyclopedia articles, and more than 160 journal articles. But perhaps the significance of his contribution to the psychology of religion is most emblematic in his longtime partnership with Bernie Spilka – another giant among us – as coauthor of The Psychology of Religion: An Empirical Approach, which was first published more than 35 years ago (Spilka et al., 1985). Since then, this work has dominated the field internationally as “the” textbook for students and scholars alike through five editions that critically summarize theories and empirical research (e.g., Hood et al., 2018). Ralph has influenced untold students and scholars in the psychology of religion. The many who know him personally can offer stories from treasure troves of memorable experiences that illustrate his deep concern for the welfare and professional development of ","PeriodicalId":47234,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for the Psychology of Religion","volume":"31 1","pages":"153 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508619.2021.1940531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46684429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10508619.2021.1940527
R. Hood
{"title":"A Scientific Assessment of the Validity of Mystical Experience: Understanding Altered Psychological and Neurophysiological States","authors":"R. Hood","doi":"10.1080/10508619.2021.1940527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2021.1940527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47234,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for the Psychology of Religion","volume":"31 1","pages":"223 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508619.2021.1940527","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44501191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-17DOI: 10.1080/10508619.2021.1911208
B. Beit-Hallahmi
{"title":"Legacies of the Occult: Psychoanalysis, Religion, and Unconscious Communication","authors":"B. Beit-Hallahmi","doi":"10.1080/10508619.2021.1911208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2021.1911208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47234,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for the Psychology of Religion","volume":"31 1","pages":"316 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508619.2021.1911208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45948350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-17DOI: 10.1080/10508619.2021.1916240
Stephanie R. Mallinas, Paul Conway
ABSTRACT Religious people tend to believe atheists are immoral. Although some work suggests that atheists themselves agree, such findings could also reflect symmetric ingroup bias in the moral domain, where atheists likewise view religious targets as untrustworthy and immoral. We examined how American religious and atheist participants rated the morality of atheist and religious targets and assessed a potential intervention: learning that targets adhere to a moral code. Across three studies, both religious and nonreligious participants demonstrated clear ingroup favoritism, rating ingroup targets more moral than outgroup targets. However, this ingroup bias was reduced when participants learned the target adheres to a warm and coherent moral system rooted in philosophy and concern for others. These findings extended beyond evaluations to downstream social consequences such as distancing. Such findings challenge arguments that atheists view themselves as immoral and point the way forward toward reducing religious ingroup bias.
{"title":"If You Don’t Believe in God, Do You at Least Believe in Aristotle? Evaluations of Religious Outgroup Members Hinge upon Moral Perceptions","authors":"Stephanie R. Mallinas, Paul Conway","doi":"10.1080/10508619.2021.1916240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2021.1916240","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Religious people tend to believe atheists are immoral. Although some work suggests that atheists themselves agree, such findings could also reflect symmetric ingroup bias in the moral domain, where atheists likewise view religious targets as untrustworthy and immoral. We examined how American religious and atheist participants rated the morality of atheist and religious targets and assessed a potential intervention: learning that targets adhere to a moral code. Across three studies, both religious and nonreligious participants demonstrated clear ingroup favoritism, rating ingroup targets more moral than outgroup targets. However, this ingroup bias was reduced when participants learned the target adheres to a warm and coherent moral system rooted in philosophy and concern for others. These findings extended beyond evaluations to downstream social consequences such as distancing. Such findings challenge arguments that atheists view themselves as immoral and point the way forward toward reducing religious ingroup bias.","PeriodicalId":47234,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for the Psychology of Religion","volume":"32 1","pages":"127 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508619.2021.1916240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42772030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-14DOI: 10.1080/10508619.2021.1911202
Z. Chen
{"title":"The Empirical Study of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality in Japan","authors":"Z. Chen","doi":"10.1080/10508619.2021.1911202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2021.1911202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47234,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for the Psychology of Religion","volume":"31 1","pages":"313 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508619.2021.1911202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41880886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1080/10508619.2021.1898808
Thomas Swan, J. Halberstadt
ABSTRACT The motivational account of religious belief – that belief fulfills some psychological need – has been historically popular, and recent studies have identified a causal role for anxiety in particular. However, the cognitive mechanisms by which anxiety ultimately produces religious belief are unclear. In two studies, we show that anxiety intensifies a known cognitive bias to recall supernatural agents via preferential processing of the threatening characteristics of these agents. Across the two studies, participants exposed to an anxiety manipulation at encoding (but not at retrieval) exhibited a stronger recall bias for supernatural agents than controls, regardless of how anxiety was elicited and regardless of participants’ religiosity. The results suggest that people in anxious states are more likely to remember and accumulate representations of supernatural or “godlike” agents than people in non-anxious states, potentially biasing them toward religious belief in these agents. This work therefore lends support and detail to the motivational account, addresses the puzzle of why some malevolent gods attract believers, and, by illustrating the importance of anxiety in recall for supernatural agents, argues for the construction of cognitive-motivational models of religious belief.
{"title":"Anxiety Enhances Recall of Supernatural Agents","authors":"Thomas Swan, J. Halberstadt","doi":"10.1080/10508619.2021.1898808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2021.1898808","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The motivational account of religious belief – that belief fulfills some psychological need – has been historically popular, and recent studies have identified a causal role for anxiety in particular. However, the cognitive mechanisms by which anxiety ultimately produces religious belief are unclear. In two studies, we show that anxiety intensifies a known cognitive bias to recall supernatural agents via preferential processing of the threatening characteristics of these agents. Across the two studies, participants exposed to an anxiety manipulation at encoding (but not at retrieval) exhibited a stronger recall bias for supernatural agents than controls, regardless of how anxiety was elicited and regardless of participants’ religiosity. The results suggest that people in anxious states are more likely to remember and accumulate representations of supernatural or “godlike” agents than people in non-anxious states, potentially biasing them toward religious belief in these agents. This work therefore lends support and detail to the motivational account, addresses the puzzle of why some malevolent gods attract believers, and, by illustrating the importance of anxiety in recall for supernatural agents, argues for the construction of cognitive-motivational models of religious belief.","PeriodicalId":47234,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for the Psychology of Religion","volume":"32 1","pages":"71 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508619.2021.1898808","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49042640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10508619.2021.1906589
Anna R. George, E. Wesselmann, J. Hilgard, A. Young, I. Beest
(1) The second to last line: “Moreover, a mini-meta analysis of the original study and the current two studies added the novel insight that thinking about being included by God increased wellbeing relative to contemplating that God created the earth.” has been removed from the abstract. (2) The final line of the section “Mini meta-analysis on main effects” on page 8 has been corrected from “Moreover, the mini-meta analysis revealed a significant difference between the inclusion (M = 67.75, SD = 11.67) and control conditions (M = 59.87, SD = 11.69) on well-being score, t(520) = 5.45, p < .001, d = 0.58.” to “The mini meta-analysis revealed there was not a significant difference between the inclusion condition (M = 67.75, SD = 11.67) and the control condition (M = 67.47, SD = 11.69) on well-being score, t(348) = 0.23, p = 0.819, d = 0.02.” (3) The third paragraph on page 9 has been rewritten. It has changed from: ● While the individual studies, as well as the original study, showed no significant effect on the relation between the inclusion and control conditions on well-being, the mini-meta analysis showed there was a benefit to well-being when Christians read that God would always be with them compared to reading about God creating the Earth. Future research could examine this relation more closely to determine if it is a true effect. Both our studies, as well as the original study, may simply have been underpowered to detect this effect. The control conditions in all three studies were Bible verses, and thus future research could have a more neutral control condition that does not include religious scripture.
(1)倒数第二行:“此外，对原始研究和当前两项研究的一项小型荟萃分析增加了一种新颖的见解，即相对于思考上帝创造了地球，思考被上帝包含会增加幸福感。”已从摘要中删除。(2)第8页“主效应的迷你元分析”部分的最后一行从“此外，迷你元分析显示纳入(M = 67.75, SD = 11.67)与对照条件(M = 59.87, SD = 11.69)在幸福感得分上存在显著差异，t(520) = 5.45, p < .001, d = 0.58。”迷你元分析显示，纳入条件(M = 67.75, SD = 11.67)与对照条件(M = 67.47, SD = 11.69)在幸福感得分上无显著差异，t(348) = 0.23, p = 0.819, d = 0.02。“第9页第3段已重写。●虽然个体研究以及原始研究显示，包容和控制条件对幸福感的关系没有显著影响，但迷你元分析显示，当基督徒阅读上帝将永远与他们在一起时，与阅读上帝创造地球相比，幸福感是有益的。未来的研究可以更仔细地检验这种关系，以确定它是否真的有效。我们的两项研究，以及最初的研究，可能只是没有足够的力量来检测这种影响。三个研究的对照条件都是圣经经文，因此未来的研究可以有一个更中性的对照条件，不包括宗教经文。
{"title":"Correction","authors":"Anna R. George, E. Wesselmann, J. Hilgard, A. Young, I. Beest","doi":"10.1080/10508619.2021.1906589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2021.1906589","url":null,"abstract":"(1) The second to last line: “Moreover, a mini-meta analysis of the original study and the current two studies added the novel insight that thinking about being included by God increased wellbeing relative to contemplating that God created the earth.” has been removed from the abstract. (2) The final line of the section “Mini meta-analysis on main effects” on page 8 has been corrected from “Moreover, the mini-meta analysis revealed a significant difference between the inclusion (M = 67.75, SD = 11.67) and control conditions (M = 59.87, SD = 11.69) on well-being score, t(520) = 5.45, p < .001, d = 0.58.” to “The mini meta-analysis revealed there was not a significant difference between the inclusion condition (M = 67.75, SD = 11.67) and the control condition (M = 67.47, SD = 11.69) on well-being score, t(348) = 0.23, p = 0.819, d = 0.02.” (3) The third paragraph on page 9 has been rewritten. It has changed from: ● While the individual studies, as well as the original study, showed no significant effect on the relation between the inclusion and control conditions on well-being, the mini-meta analysis showed there was a benefit to well-being when Christians read that God would always be with them compared to reading about God creating the Earth. Future research could examine this relation more closely to determine if it is a true effect. Both our studies, as well as the original study, may simply have been underpowered to detect this effect. The control conditions in all three studies were Bible verses, and thus future research could have a more neutral control condition that does not include religious scripture.","PeriodicalId":47234,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for the Psychology of Religion","volume":"31 1","pages":"151 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508619.2021.1906589","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44706101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-11DOI: 10.1080/10508619.2020.1871558
C. DeWall, D. V. Van Tongeren
ABSTRACT Many people spend money on religious and secular products. How do spending preferences change when people stop identifying as religious? People who stop identifying as religious (religious dones) may retain preferences for religious products more so than people who have never identified as religious (religious nones). Three studies (two preregistered; total N = 2,214) supported the religious residue hypothesis: currently religious participants expressed greater willingness to pay for religious products than did religious dones, who reported greater willingness to pay than did religious nones. Religious dones also expressed a greater desire to pay for secular products than for religious products, a pattern similar to religious nones. The religious residue effect was mediated by engagement in religious rituals and time spent with religious individuals.
{"title":"No Longer Religious, but Still Spending Money Religiously: Religious Rituals and Community Influence Consumer Behavior among Religious Dones","authors":"C. DeWall, D. V. Van Tongeren","doi":"10.1080/10508619.2020.1871558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2020.1871558","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many people spend money on religious and secular products. How do spending preferences change when people stop identifying as religious? People who stop identifying as religious (religious dones) may retain preferences for religious products more so than people who have never identified as religious (religious nones). Three studies (two preregistered; total N = 2,214) supported the religious residue hypothesis: currently religious participants expressed greater willingness to pay for religious products than did religious dones, who reported greater willingness to pay than did religious nones. Religious dones also expressed a greater desire to pay for secular products than for religious products, a pattern similar to religious nones. The religious residue effect was mediated by engagement in religious rituals and time spent with religious individuals.","PeriodicalId":47234,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for the Psychology of Religion","volume":"32 1","pages":"53 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508619.2020.1871558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48177835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Spirituality groups led by healthcare chaplains have been found to aid patients’ recovery processes in US psychiatric units. In Norway, existential groups (EGs) led by healthcare chaplains and co-led by healthcare staff members are offered at psychiatric units; these groups share commonalities with spirituality groups, group psychotherapy, existential therapy and clinical pastoral care, facilitating patients’ reflections regarding existential, spiritual and religious issues. The study aimed to examine associations between patients’ participation and topics discussed in the EGs and their experiences of psychological distress, crisis of meaning and meaningfulness. A cross-sectional design was applied among 157 patients attending EGs led by healthcare chaplains across Norway. Multivariate regression analyses assessed the strength of possible associations, adjusted for relevant demographical variables. Significant association was found between lengthier EG participation and lower levels of psychological distress, while discussion topics concerning religious and spiritual issues were significantly associated with the experience of meaningfulness.
{"title":"Participation in Existential Groups Led by Norwegian Healthcare Chaplains—Relations to Psychological Distress, Crisis of Meaning and Meaningfulness","authors":"Hilde Frøkedal, H. Stifoss-Hanssen, Valerie DeMarinis, Torleif Ruud, Anja Visser, Torgeir Sørensen","doi":"10.1080/10508619.2020.1844966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2020.1844966","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Spirituality groups led by healthcare chaplains have been found to aid patients’ recovery processes in US psychiatric units. In Norway, existential groups (EGs) led by healthcare chaplains and co-led by healthcare staff members are offered at psychiatric units; these groups share commonalities with spirituality groups, group psychotherapy, existential therapy and clinical pastoral care, facilitating patients’ reflections regarding existential, spiritual and religious issues. The study aimed to examine associations between patients’ participation and topics discussed in the EGs and their experiences of psychological distress, crisis of meaning and meaningfulness. A cross-sectional design was applied among 157 patients attending EGs led by healthcare chaplains across Norway. Multivariate regression analyses assessed the strength of possible associations, adjusted for relevant demographical variables. Significant association was found between lengthier EG participation and lower levels of psychological distress, while discussion topics concerning religious and spiritual issues were significantly associated with the experience of meaningfulness.","PeriodicalId":47234,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for the Psychology of Religion","volume":"32 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508619.2020.1844966","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47347383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-24DOI: 10.1080/10508619.2020.1844967
Jana Furstova, Klara Malinakova, D. Sigmundová, P. Tavel
ABSTRACT In the secularizing Christian world the Czech Republic holds a leading position: it is the country with the highest percentage of religiously unaffiliated people in the world. The trend toward the secularization of the Czech Republic is closely related to the nation’s history. This study aims to explore the stratification of religious beliefs in different sociodemographic groups and to assess the differences between believers and nonbelievers. The survey was conducted on a representative sample from the Czech Republic. A total of 1,800 participants (46.6 ± 17.4 years; 48.7% of men) were included in the study. Bayesian statistical analysis methods were used. In this study, over 70% of Czechs refer to themselves as non-religious. The most important impact on a person’s attitude toward religion seems to be their family upbringing. The main difference between Czech believers and nonbelievers was found in their perception of the qualities of God. This study shows that Czech believers are in many aspects similar to those in Western Europe. On the other hand, Czech nonbelievers should not be seen as complete atheists; they are just religious skeptics who tend to fulfil their spirituality needs outside traditional religion.
{"title":"Czech Out the Atheists: A Representative Study of Religiosity in the Czech Republic","authors":"Jana Furstova, Klara Malinakova, D. Sigmundová, P. Tavel","doi":"10.1080/10508619.2020.1844967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2020.1844967","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the secularizing Christian world the Czech Republic holds a leading position: it is the country with the highest percentage of religiously unaffiliated people in the world. The trend toward the secularization of the Czech Republic is closely related to the nation’s history. This study aims to explore the stratification of religious beliefs in different sociodemographic groups and to assess the differences between believers and nonbelievers. The survey was conducted on a representative sample from the Czech Republic. A total of 1,800 participants (46.6 ± 17.4 years; 48.7% of men) were included in the study. Bayesian statistical analysis methods were used. In this study, over 70% of Czechs refer to themselves as non-religious. The most important impact on a person’s attitude toward religion seems to be their family upbringing. The main difference between Czech believers and nonbelievers was found in their perception of the qualities of God. This study shows that Czech believers are in many aspects similar to those in Western Europe. On the other hand, Czech nonbelievers should not be seen as complete atheists; they are just religious skeptics who tend to fulfil their spirituality needs outside traditional religion.","PeriodicalId":47234,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for the Psychology of Religion","volume":"31 1","pages":"288 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508619.2020.1844967","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43808772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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