Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1080/19386362.2022.2154922
Shuhan Cao, M. Achmus
ABSTRACT For wind energy converters (WECs), the behaviour under cyclic loading is critical to the operation and lifetime, especially because the cyclic load is associated with eccentricity. In various geotechnical design standards, the eccentricity of shallow foundation for WECs is supposed to be limited. In the German geotechnical design standards, it is specifically required that no gapping shall occur under quasi-static eccentric load. This verification is often decisive in practical design and leads to potential over-dimensioning. The one possible favourable effect of limiting the gapping of WECs on non-cohesive subsoils is to limit the accumulation of permanent rotation under cyclic loads indirectly. In this article, the experimental results of cyclic rotation accumulation of shallow foundation on non-cohesive subsoils from literatures and own medium scale tests are discussed. It is shown that the gapping has no direct influence on the rotation accumulation rate, instead it is the load magnitude relative to the bearing capacity of foundation that is decisive to the cyclic rotation accumulation behaviour. Based on these observations, the verification ‘no gapping under quasi-static eccentric load case’ seems dispensable in the design of WEC shallow foundations on non-cohesive subsoils.
{"title":"Bearing behaviour of shallow foundations for wind energy converters on sandy soils under cyclic eccentric loads","authors":"Shuhan Cao, M. Achmus","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2154922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2154922","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For wind energy converters (WECs), the behaviour under cyclic loading is critical to the operation and lifetime, especially because the cyclic load is associated with eccentricity. In various geotechnical design standards, the eccentricity of shallow foundation for WECs is supposed to be limited. In the German geotechnical design standards, it is specifically required that no gapping shall occur under quasi-static eccentric load. This verification is often decisive in practical design and leads to potential over-dimensioning. The one possible favourable effect of limiting the gapping of WECs on non-cohesive subsoils is to limit the accumulation of permanent rotation under cyclic loads indirectly. In this article, the experimental results of cyclic rotation accumulation of shallow foundation on non-cohesive subsoils from literatures and own medium scale tests are discussed. It is shown that the gapping has no direct influence on the rotation accumulation rate, instead it is the load magnitude relative to the bearing capacity of foundation that is decisive to the cyclic rotation accumulation behaviour. Based on these observations, the verification ‘no gapping under quasi-static eccentric load case’ seems dispensable in the design of WEC shallow foundations on non-cohesive subsoils.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43074082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-26DOI: 10.1080/19386362.2021.1997209
T. Pham
ABSTRACT Geosynthetic-reinforced column-supported system is an economic and effective solution to support embankments constructed on soft soils. In this solution, both end-bearing and floating columns are commonly used in practice. For deep soil foundation depths, floating columns are more economical than end-bearing piles. The design of a floating column foundation involves complex soil–structure interactions and there are still no clear uniform guidelines available for the design of embankments supported by floating columns. The main focus of this paper is to present a design method for the geosynthetic-reinforced floating column-supported (GRFCs) embankments. The main features of the proposed method are combining the bearing capacity theory for the floating columns, the arching theory for fill soils, the tensioned membrane theory for the geosynthetic, and considering interaction models between geosynthetic, soil, and piles. Using the proposed method, the influences of the pile geometry, soft clay, geosynthetic, and embankment fills properties were investigated. It was observed that the geosynthetic membrane inclusion enhances the load transfer mechanism and reduces significantly the differential settlements of floating pile-supported embankments. The floating columns with a higher ultimate bearing capacity cause more soil arching. In general, the soil shear strength properties and column geometry (length, diameter, column spacing) have a strong influence on the GRFCs embankment behaviour. Finally, the proposed method is compared with the BS 8006–1 and EBGEO design standards considering several experimental and numerical models to investigate its validity. The results showed that the proposed method is able of very good prediction performance and allows conducting the design optimization of GRFCs embankment.
{"title":"Design and analysis of geosynthetic-reinforced and floating column-supported embankments","authors":"T. Pham","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2021.1997209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2021.1997209","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Geosynthetic-reinforced column-supported system is an economic and effective solution to support embankments constructed on soft soils. In this solution, both end-bearing and floating columns are commonly used in practice. For deep soil foundation depths, floating columns are more economical than end-bearing piles. The design of a floating column foundation involves complex soil–structure interactions and there are still no clear uniform guidelines available for the design of embankments supported by floating columns. The main focus of this paper is to present a design method for the geosynthetic-reinforced floating column-supported (GRFCs) embankments. The main features of the proposed method are combining the bearing capacity theory for the floating columns, the arching theory for fill soils, the tensioned membrane theory for the geosynthetic, and considering interaction models between geosynthetic, soil, and piles. Using the proposed method, the influences of the pile geometry, soft clay, geosynthetic, and embankment fills properties were investigated. It was observed that the geosynthetic membrane inclusion enhances the load transfer mechanism and reduces significantly the differential settlements of floating pile-supported embankments. The floating columns with a higher ultimate bearing capacity cause more soil arching. In general, the soil shear strength properties and column geometry (length, diameter, column spacing) have a strong influence on the GRFCs embankment behaviour. Finally, the proposed method is compared with the BS 8006–1 and EBGEO design standards considering several experimental and numerical models to investigate its validity. The results showed that the proposed method is able of very good prediction performance and allows conducting the design optimization of GRFCs embankment.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59987257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-12DOI: 10.1080/19386362.2022.2143613
Islam A. Elkorashi, A. Farouk, Y. Mowafy
ABSTRACT In this study, cubic cogs were mounted on both surfaces of the conventional biaxial soil-reinforcement grid in order to enhance friction and add a new interlock factor. The upgraded grid is known as the Isometric Cubic Cogged Biaxial Grid (ICCB Grid). The testing programme involves carrying out 19 pull-out tests on steel prototypes representing ICCB grids, biaxial grids, and solid plates. Each prototype was employed to reinforce sand and crushed limestone in their very loose state. The results proved that the ICCB Grid significantly enhanced the soil-reinforcement interaction in terms of pull-out resistance, shear resistance, friction angle, and friction factor. Using the ICCB Grid to reinforce sand and crushed limestone improves the pull-out resistance by 150% and 125%, respectively. Additionally, there were 13.52 and 2.23 increases in the friction angle, respectively. The findings also revealed that the added cogs increased the passive resistance by 50% and 25%, respectively as well.
{"title":"A metallic inextensible cubic cogged biaxial grid originated to improve soil reinforcement mechanism","authors":"Islam A. Elkorashi, A. Farouk, Y. Mowafy","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2143613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2143613","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, cubic cogs were mounted on both surfaces of the conventional biaxial soil-reinforcement grid in order to enhance friction and add a new interlock factor. The upgraded grid is known as the Isometric Cubic Cogged Biaxial Grid (ICCB Grid). The testing programme involves carrying out 19 pull-out tests on steel prototypes representing ICCB grids, biaxial grids, and solid plates. Each prototype was employed to reinforce sand and crushed limestone in their very loose state. The results proved that the ICCB Grid significantly enhanced the soil-reinforcement interaction in terms of pull-out resistance, shear resistance, friction angle, and friction factor. Using the ICCB Grid to reinforce sand and crushed limestone improves the pull-out resistance by 150% and 125%, respectively. Additionally, there were 13.52 and 2.23 increases in the friction angle, respectively. The findings also revealed that the added cogs increased the passive resistance by 50% and 25%, respectively as well.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41677854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-21DOI: 10.1080/19386362.2022.2135226
Abolfazl Baghbani, Susanga Costa, B. O’Kelly, A. Soltani, M. Barzegar
ABSTRACT This study investigated the cyclic behaviour of a severe dilative silica sand from Rudsar, Northern Iran, through simple shear tests. For this purpose, monotonic (constant volume/vertical stress) and cyclic (constant vertical stress) tests were performed on moist sand specimens prepared at initial relative densities of 20–60%, vertical stresses of 100–300 kPa, and cyclic stress ratios of CSR = 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30. These also included bender element tests to determine the small-strain shear modulus G max. An increase in initial relative density, vertical stress and number of loading cycles led to a nonlinear increase in the secant shear modulus G sec, while the opposite was observed for increasing CSR. Moreover, increasing CSR improved the damping ratio, whereas increasing the initial relative density, vertical stress and/or number of loading cycles had negative effects on the damping ratio. Finally, the bender element test results showed that G max increased for increasing vertical stress and initial relative density.
{"title":"Experimental study on cyclic simple shear behaviour of predominantly dilative silica sand","authors":"Abolfazl Baghbani, Susanga Costa, B. O’Kelly, A. Soltani, M. Barzegar","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2135226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2135226","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigated the cyclic behaviour of a severe dilative silica sand from Rudsar, Northern Iran, through simple shear tests. For this purpose, monotonic (constant volume/vertical stress) and cyclic (constant vertical stress) tests were performed on moist sand specimens prepared at initial relative densities of 20–60%, vertical stresses of 100–300 kPa, and cyclic stress ratios of CSR = 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30. These also included bender element tests to determine the small-strain shear modulus G max. An increase in initial relative density, vertical stress and number of loading cycles led to a nonlinear increase in the secant shear modulus G sec, while the opposite was observed for increasing CSR. Moreover, increasing CSR improved the damping ratio, whereas increasing the initial relative density, vertical stress and/or number of loading cycles had negative effects on the damping ratio. Finally, the bender element test results showed that G max increased for increasing vertical stress and initial relative density.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47797859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.1080/19386362.2022.2131256
D. Sarkar, Frederik Koch, M. Goudarzy, T. Wichtmann
ABSTRACT The paper describes the effect of the various ends restraints on the cyclic liquefaction potential of Karlsruhe fine sand and examines the influence of grain shape and gradation on the cyclic liquefaction susceptibility of granular materials. To assess the influence of grain shape and gradation, three materials with same mean size but two different gradations were considered. Different scenarios were considered including the influence of differing sizes of the porous discs at end platens, influence of sample size ratio at similar diameter and varying membrane thickness. Additionally, the influence of using end lubrication or filter papers is investigated. The results reflect a pronounced effect of the liquefaction resistance of KFS using porous discs with a larger diameter, where a significant increase in the number of cycles to initial liquefaction was noted. Furthermore, initial liquefaction resistance for angular/sub-angular materials reduced with increasing gradation. In contrast, it remained relatively unchanged for round materials.
{"title":"The influence of various end restraints and grain shape on the cyclic undrained behaviour of granular materials","authors":"D. Sarkar, Frederik Koch, M. Goudarzy, T. Wichtmann","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2131256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2131256","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper describes the effect of the various ends restraints on the cyclic liquefaction potential of Karlsruhe fine sand and examines the influence of grain shape and gradation on the cyclic liquefaction susceptibility of granular materials. To assess the influence of grain shape and gradation, three materials with same mean size but two different gradations were considered. Different scenarios were considered including the influence of differing sizes of the porous discs at end platens, influence of sample size ratio at similar diameter and varying membrane thickness. Additionally, the influence of using end lubrication or filter papers is investigated. The results reflect a pronounced effect of the liquefaction resistance of KFS using porous discs with a larger diameter, where a significant increase in the number of cycles to initial liquefaction was noted. Furthermore, initial liquefaction resistance for angular/sub-angular materials reduced with increasing gradation. In contrast, it remained relatively unchanged for round materials.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49648579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-14DOI: 10.1080/19386362.2022.2132002
E. Leong, Braja M. Das, Pedro Simão Sêco E Pinto
{"title":"Waldemar Coelho Hachich (1950–2022)","authors":"E. Leong, Braja M. Das, Pedro Simão Sêco E Pinto","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2132002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2132002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46999825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.1080/19386362.2022.2116669
G. Cai, Zhuoyuan Cheng, Yi Lu, Q. Zhai, Ling Zhang
{"title":"Outstanding Reviewers for International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 2021","authors":"G. Cai, Zhuoyuan Cheng, Yi Lu, Q. Zhai, Ling Zhang","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2116669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2116669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45314327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-08DOI: 10.1080/19386362.2022.2117350
Heitor Cardoso Bernardes, Aleones José da Cruz, Daniel Carmo Dias, Renato Pinto da Cunha, Juan Félix Rodríguez Rebolledo
ABSTRACT This technical note presents the results of two static load tests performed in a root micropile installed in a tropical lateritic soil profile. The tests were executed 6 years apart in order to investigate for signs of ageing effects in the pile side shear resistance and load settlement behaviour. Despite the measurements indicated an increase in the side shear capacity of the first soil layer, the results did not show clear signs of ageing effects, which occurrence was analysed considering different mechanisms. Soil suction possibly contributes to the differences between the tests, which should be carefully monitored for future studies of ageing effects in piles installed in unsaturated tropical sites.
{"title":"Comparison between load tests performed in a root micropile executed six years apart","authors":"Heitor Cardoso Bernardes, Aleones José da Cruz, Daniel Carmo Dias, Renato Pinto da Cunha, Juan Félix Rodríguez Rebolledo","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2117350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2117350","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This technical note presents the results of two static load tests performed in a root micropile installed in a tropical lateritic soil profile. The tests were executed 6 years apart in order to investigate for signs of ageing effects in the pile side shear resistance and load settlement behaviour. Despite the measurements indicated an increase in the side shear capacity of the first soil layer, the results did not show clear signs of ageing effects, which occurrence was analysed considering different mechanisms. Soil suction possibly contributes to the differences between the tests, which should be carefully monitored for future studies of ageing effects in piles installed in unsaturated tropical sites.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45368533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-04DOI: 10.1080/19386362.2022.2117342
Aswathy M S, V. M
ABSTRACT An extensive geotechnical assessment of a hospital building under-crossed by twin tunnels is presented in this paper. The case study considered in the study is Phase III of Delhi Metro Gray line, which has been built recently using Tunnel Boring Machine. Finite element analysis was carried out to simulate the construction of two tunnels underneath the building, and the soil is simulated using an advanced constitutive model. The numerical model was validated against the field monitoring data, and the effect of tunnelling on the building deformation is also studied. Also, the comparison of building settlements with greenfield conditions is carried out. The study showed that the building influences the pattern of the settlement trough. Quantitative study of the settlement showed that there was no undue distress to the building due to the construction of twin tunnels, suggesting the safe crossing of twin tunnel below hospital building.
{"title":"Twin tunnelling caused distortions and its effect on a hospital building on mixed ground conditions","authors":"Aswathy M S, V. M","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2117342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2117342","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An extensive geotechnical assessment of a hospital building under-crossed by twin tunnels is presented in this paper. The case study considered in the study is Phase III of Delhi Metro Gray line, which has been built recently using Tunnel Boring Machine. Finite element analysis was carried out to simulate the construction of two tunnels underneath the building, and the soil is simulated using an advanced constitutive model. The numerical model was validated against the field monitoring data, and the effect of tunnelling on the building deformation is also studied. Also, the comparison of building settlements with greenfield conditions is carried out. The study showed that the building influences the pattern of the settlement trough. Quantitative study of the settlement showed that there was no undue distress to the building due to the construction of twin tunnels, suggesting the safe crossing of twin tunnel below hospital building.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44070115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.1080/19386362.2022.2114666
M. Bajestani, W. Oh
ABSTRACT Geotechnical projects are typically initiated with an unsupported vertical trench (UVT) in unsaturated soils. In this case, it is fundamental to consider the contribution of soil suction toward the shear strength and hydraulic conductivity of soils when analyzing the stability of UVTs. The soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) is a vital tool for estimating the variations of shear strength and hydraulic conductivity of soils with soil suction. In this study, numerical analyses were conducted to investigate the influence of SWCC on the safe height and stand-up time of UVTs in sandy and glacial till materials. SWCCs were established using three SWCC fitting models based on experimental data. The analysis results demonstrate that it is essential to understand the critical differences between the SWCCs obtained using different fitting models and their influence on the safe height and stand-up time of UVTs, rather than simply comparing the estimates.
{"title":"Influence of soil-water characteristic curve on the safe height and stand-up time of unsupported vertical trenches in unsaturated soils","authors":"M. Bajestani, W. Oh","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2114666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2114666","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Geotechnical projects are typically initiated with an unsupported vertical trench (UVT) in unsaturated soils. In this case, it is fundamental to consider the contribution of soil suction toward the shear strength and hydraulic conductivity of soils when analyzing the stability of UVTs. The soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) is a vital tool for estimating the variations of shear strength and hydraulic conductivity of soils with soil suction. In this study, numerical analyses were conducted to investigate the influence of SWCC on the safe height and stand-up time of UVTs in sandy and glacial till materials. SWCCs were established using three SWCC fitting models based on experimental data. The analysis results demonstrate that it is essential to understand the critical differences between the SWCCs obtained using different fitting models and their influence on the safe height and stand-up time of UVTs, rather than simply comparing the estimates.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46046141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：