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Participatory arts, refugees and mental health. 参与性艺术、难民和心理健康。
IF 3.5 4区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/17579139241247367
T Green
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引用次数: 0
Is social capital higher in areas with a higher density of historic assets? Analyses of 11,112 adults living in England. 历史资产密度较高的地区社会资本是否较高?对居住在英格兰的 11 112 名成年人进行的分析。
IF 3.5 4区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/17579139221145609
H W Mak, E Gallou, D Fancourt

Aims: Previous evidence suggests that engagement with heritage such as visiting heritage sites provides benefits for people's mental and social wellbeing, and helps to establish social capital. However, far less is known about whether living in areas of historic built environment also helps build social capital. Furthermore, it remains unclear how the association between historic built environment and social capital may vary across heritage engagement frequency and areas of deprivation levels. This study was therefore designed to explore the cross-sectional relationship between historic built environment and social capital.

Methods: Analysis was based on three datasets: Understanding Society: The UK Household Longitudinal Study Waves 5 (2013/2015) and 6 (2014/2016), 2019 National Heritage List for England, and 2015 English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions were applied to estimate the relationships between historic built environment (listed buildings, scheduled monuments, and registered parks and gardens) and social capital (personal relationships, social network support, civic engagement, and trust and cooperative norms).

Results: We found that people living in places with greater historic built environment experienced higher levels of personal relationships, social network support, and civic engagement. However, these associations were attenuated once rurality was adjusted. Individuals living in areas of greater levels of historic built environment displayed higher levels of trust and cooperative norms, even after adjusting for all relevant covariates. Heritage engagement frequency was found to moderate the association between historic built environment and personal relationships. Similarly, IMD was also found to moderate the association between historic built environment and trust and cooperative norms.

Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of neighbourhood environment in building social capital in communities. Particularly, areas with heritage assets may provide both socially inviting and aesthetically pleasing environments that could help strengthen community and restore pride in place.

目的:以往的证据表明,参与遗产活动(如参观遗产地)对人们的精神和社会福祉有 益,并有助于建立社会资本。然而,人们对生活在历史建筑环境区域是否也有助于建立社会资本的了解却少得多。此外,历史建筑环境与社会资本之间的联系在不同的遗产参与频率和贫困水平地区会有怎样的差异,目前仍不清楚。因此,本研究旨在探讨历史建筑环境与社会资本之间的横向关系:分析基于三个数据集:了解社会:方法:分析基于三个数据集:了解社会:英国家庭纵向研究第 5 波(2013/2015 年)和第 6 波(2014/2016 年)、2019 年英格兰国家遗产名录和 2015 年英格兰多重贫困指数(IMD)。应用普通最小二乘法(OLS)回归估算历史建筑环境(表列建筑、法定古迹以及注册公园和花园)与社会资本(人际关系、社会网络支持、公民参与以及信任与合作规范)之间的关系:我们发现,生活在历史建筑环境较多的地方的人,其个人关系、社会网络支持和公民参与程度较高。然而,一旦对乡村地区进行调整,这些关联就会减弱。即使在调整了所有相关协变量之后,生活在历史建筑环境水平较高地区的个人也表现出较高的信任和合作规范水平。研究发现,遗产参与频率可缓和历史建筑环境与人际关系之间的关系。同样,IMD 也能调节历史建筑环境与信任和合作规范之间的关系:这些发现强调了邻里环境在建立社区社会资本方面的重要性。特别是,拥有遗产资产的地区可以提供既有社会吸引力又美观的环境,这有助于加强社区和恢复地方自豪感。
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引用次数: 0
Diary. 日记
IF 3.5 4区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/17579139241264953
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引用次数: 0
The Middle-Out Perspective: an approach to formalise 'normal practice' in public health advocacy. 中庸之道:将公共卫生宣传中的 "正常做法 "正规化的方法。
IF 3.5 4区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.1177/17579139221138451
J S Mindell, Y Parag, S E Bartington, L Stoll, J Barlow, K B Janda

Aims: The middle-out perspective (MOP) provides a lens to examine how actors positioned between government (top) and individuals (bottom) act to promote broader societal changes from the middle-out (rather than the top-down or bottom-up). The MOP has been used in recent years in the fields of energy, climate change, and development studies. We argue that public health practitioners involved with advocacy activities and creating alliances to amplify health promotion actions will be familiar with the general MOP concept if not the formal name. The article aims to demonstrate this argument.

Methods: This article introduces the MOP conceptual framework and customises it for a public health audience by positioning it among existing concepts and theories for actions within public health. Using two UK case studies (increasing signalised crossing times for pedestrians and the campaign for smoke-free legislation), we illustrate who middle actors are and what they can do to result in better public health outcomes.

Results: These case studies show that involving a wider range of middle actors, including those not traditionally involved in improving the public's health, can broaden the range and reach of organisations and individuals involving in advocating for public health measures. They also demonstrate that middle actors are not neutral. They can be recruited to improve public health outcomes, but they may also be exploited by commercial interests to block healthy policies or even promote a health-diminishing agenda.

Conclusion: Using the MOP as a formal approach can help public health organisations and practitioners consider potential 'allies' from outside traditional health-related bodies or professions. Formal mapping can expand the range of who are considered potential middle actors for a particular public health issue. By applying the MOP, public health organisations and staff can enlist the additional leverage that is brought to bear by involving additional middle actors in improving the public's health.

目的:"中间向外 "视角(MOP)提供了一个视角,用于研究介于政府(上层)和个人(下层)之间的行动者如何从中间向外(而不是自上而下或自下而上)推动更广泛的社会变革。近年来,MOP 已被用于能源、气候变化和发展研究领域。我们认为,参与倡导活动和建立联盟以扩大健康促进行动的公共卫生从业人员,即使不熟悉其正式名称,也会熟悉 MOP 的一般概念。本文旨在证明这一论点:本文介绍了澳门葡京娱乐网址的概念框架,并通过将其与现有的公共卫生行动概念和理论相结合,为公共卫生受众量身定制了这一框架。通过两个英国案例研究(增加行人信号灯过马路时间和无烟立法运动),我们说明了谁是中间行动者以及他们可以做些什么来取得更好的公共卫生成果:这些案例研究表明,让更多的中间参与者参与进来,包括那些传统上不参与改善公众健康的人,可以扩大参与倡导公共卫生措施的组织和个人的范围和影响力。它们还表明,中间行动者并不是中立的。他们可以被招募来改善公共卫生成果,但也可能被商业利益所利用,阻碍健康政策,甚至推动损害健康的议程:将澳门葡京娱乐网址作为一种正式的方法,可以帮助公共卫生组织和从业人员考虑传统卫生相关机构或专业以外的潜在 "盟友"。正式绘图可以扩大特定公共卫生问题潜在中间行动者的范围。通过应用 MOP,公共卫生组织和工作人员可以通过让更多的中间参与者参与到改善公众健康的工作中来,从而获得额外的影响力。
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引用次数: 0
The threat of gambling to public health in Ghana: time to act. 赌博对加纳公共卫生的威胁:是采取行动的时候了。
IF 3.5 4区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/17579139241229886
E Badu, G Crawford, J Hallett, D Vujcich, M E Bellringer
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引用次数: 0
Perceived stigma among diabetic patients and their caregivers: a review. 糖尿病患者及其护理人员的耻辱感:综述。
IF 3.5 4区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1177/17579139221136725
R Kaur, A K Sinha

Aims: Considerable number of studies in the existing literature indicate the existence of stigma related to many diseases, disabilities, and disorders, but less attention has been given to diabetes-related stigma. This narrative review of literature aims to explore the existence of stigma surrounding type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: Literature were searched using search engines, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus electronic databases published from year 2000 to 2020. Both qualitative and quantitative studies focusing on the stigma associated with T1DM were included. A total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis of collected research material was done.

Results: Results provided substantial evidence that stigma associated with T1DM was experienced by T1DM patients and their caregivers at some point in their lives and it had affected their lives in different domains such as difficulty finding a spouse, discrimination at employment opportunities, educational institutions, management of disease, being misjudged as a druggie, poor quality of life of the patient and caregiver, depressive symptoms among parents of patients, constant worrying of their child's disease management, and so on.

Conclusion: Stigma related to T1DM is experienced by individuals suffering from it, and it is widespread. It not only affects the sufferers but their loved ones also. To reduce and cope-up with stigma, there is a need to increase public education and awareness at a mass level. Further research and awareness will serve to build our understanding of the experience of diabetes-related stigma.

目的:现有文献中的大量研究表明,与许多疾病、残疾和失调有关的成见是存在的,但对与糖尿病有关的成见关注较少。本文献综述旨在探讨 1 型糖尿病(T1DM)是否存在成见:方法:使用搜索引擎、Google Scholar、PubMed 和 Scopus 电子数据库对 2000 年至 2020 年发表的文献进行检索。纳入的研究既有定性研究,也有定量研究,重点关注与 T1DM 相关的污名化问题。共有 21 篇文章符合纳入标准。对收集到的研究材料进行了主题分析:结果:研究结果提供了大量证据表明,T1DM 患者及其护理人员在其生命的某个阶段经历过与 T1DM 相关的成见,这种成见在不同领域影响了他们的生活,如难以找到配偶、在就业机会、教育机构、疾病管理方面受到歧视、被误认为是吸毒者、患者和护理人员的生活质量低下、患者父母出现抑郁症状、不断担心子女的疾病管理等:与 T1DM 相关的污名化在患者中普遍存在。它不仅影响患者,也影响他们的亲人。为了减少和应对成见,有必要在大众层面加强公众教育和提高公众意识。进一步的研究和宣传将有助于加深我们对糖尿病相关成见的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Community Health Synchronisation project. 社区卫生同步项目。
IF 3.5 4区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/17579139241264945
N Araujo, L Smyth
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing adolescent and youth health through nutrition fluency in Sub-Saharan Africa: ARISE-NUTRINT initiative. 在撒哈拉以南非洲,通过营养流畅性提高青少年健康水平:ARISE-NUTRINT 倡议。
IF 3.5 4区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/17579139241251636
A L Kurniawan, S Ostojic, S Shinde, M Laxy, C Neumann, H Berhane, Y Berhane, C H Hoe, S Liu, I Brandt, D Guwatudde, N B Mkwanazi, U Partap, A Tinkasimile
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引用次数: 0
Evidence-based decision-making in a climate of political expediency: insights from local government. 政治权宜之计下的循证决策:地方政府的启示。
IF 5.8 4区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1177/17579139241256879
J Woodall, C Homer, C Freeman, J South, J Cooke, J Holliday, A Hartley, S Mullen, B Stafford

Aims: Local authorities in England are responsible for public health and health promotion. This article sought to explore how research and decision-making co-exist in a local authority in England.

Methods: An Embedded Researcher was based within the local authority and used qualitative methodology to address the research aim. Interviews and focus groups were employed to ascertain a range of stakeholder views in the local authority. All transcripts were coded on NVivo 12 by the Embedded Researcher and two members of the research team cross-checked a sample for coding accuracy. Data were analysed using framework analysis.

Results: The data suggest several barriers to using research to inform decision-making in health promotion and public health. The study shows that research is valued in local authorities, but not always privileged - this is due to cultural factors and practical political reasons which often means that decisions need to be made expediently. Participants outlined a juxtaposition between academic credibility; timeliness to complete the research and the financial cost associated with it; against the independence and credibility that independent academics could bring.

Conclusion: Policy formulation and delivery is an integral aspect of health promotion and critical to achieving improved population health and reductions in health inequalities. However, there exists tensions between gathering research evidence and making research-informed decisions. The article concludes by advocating the use of Embedded Researchers to fully understand how research is gathered and used to support public health and health promotion policymaking.

目的:英格兰地方当局负责公共卫生和健康促进工作。本文旨在探讨研究与决策如何在英格兰的一个地方当局中并存:方法:一名嵌入式研究人员驻扎在地方当局内,采用定性方法实现研究目标。采用访谈和焦点小组的方式来确定地方当局利益相关者的各种观点。嵌入式研究员在 NVivo 12 上对所有记录誊本进行了编码,研究小组的两名成员对样本进行了交叉检查,以确保编码的准确性。采用框架分析法对数据进行了分析:结果:数据表明,在健康促进和公共卫生决策过程中,利用研究为决策提供信息存在若干障碍。研究表明,研究在地方政府中受到重视,但并不总是享有特权--这是由于文化因素和实际政治原因造成的,这往往意味着需要尽快做出决策。参与者概述了学术可信度、完成研究的及时性和相关财务成本与独立学者所能带来的独立性和可信度之间的矛盾:政策的制定和实施是健康促进工作不可或缺的一部分,对于改善人口健康状况和减少健康不平等现象至关重要。然而,在收集研究证据与根据研究做出决策之间存在着矛盾。文章最后提倡使用嵌入式研究人员,以充分了解如何收集和使用研究成果来支持公共卫生和健康促进决策。
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引用次数: 0
A scoping review of behavioural science approaches and frameworks for health protection and emergency response. 对用于健康保护和应急响应的行为科学方法和框架进行范围审查。
IF 5.8 4区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1177/17579139241257102
Alice Zelenka Martin, D Weston, J M Kesten, C E French

Aims: Rapid intervention development, implementation, and evaluation are required for emergency public health contexts, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. A novel Agile Co-production and Evaluation (ACE) framework has been developed to assist this endeavour in future public health emergencies. This scoping review aimed to map available behavioural science resources that can be used to develop and evaluate public health guidance, messaging, and interventions in emergency contexts onto components of ACE: rapid development and implementation, co-production with patients or the public including seldom heard voices from diverse communities, and inclusion of evaluation.

Methods: A scoping review methodology was used. Searches were run on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Google, with search terms covering emergency response and behavioural science. Articles published since 2014 and which discussed a framework or guidance for using behavioural science in response to a public health emergency were included. A narrative synthesis was conducted.

Results: Seventeen records were included in the synthesis. The records covered a range of emergency contexts, the most frequent of which were COVID-19 (n = 7) and non-specific emergencies (n = 4). One record evaluated existing approaches, 6 proposed new approaches, and 10 described existing approaches. Commonly used approaches included the Behavioural Change Wheel; Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behaviour model; and social identity theory. Three records discuss co-production with the target audience and consideration of diverse populations. Four records incorporate rapid testing, evaluation, or validation methods. Six records state that their approaches are designed to be implemented rapidly. No records cover all components of ACE.

Conclusion: We recommend that future research explores how to create guidance involving rapid implementation, co-production with patients or the public including seldom heard voices from diverse communities, and evaluation.

目的:突发公共卫生事件(如最近的 COVID-19 大流行)需要快速制定、实施和评估干预措施。我们开发了一个新颖的敏捷联合生产与评估(ACE)框架,以协助在未来的突发公共卫生事件中开展这项工作。本范围综述旨在将可用于制定和评估紧急情况下公共卫生指南、信息和干预措施的现有行为科学资源映射到 ACE 的各个组成部分:快速开发和实施、与患者或公众(包括很少听到的来自不同社区的声音)共同生产以及纳入评估:方法:采用范围审查方法。在 MEDLINE、EMBASE、PsycINFO 和 Google 上进行检索,检索词包括应急响应和行为科学。纳入了自 2014 年以来发表的文章,这些文章讨论了利用行为科学应对公共卫生突发事件的框架或指南。对这些文章进行了叙述性综合:结果:17 条记录被纳入综述。这些记录涵盖了一系列紧急情况,其中最常见的是 COVID-19 (n = 7)和非特定紧急情况(n = 4)。1 份记录评估了现有方法,6 份记录提出了新方法,10 份记录描述了现有方法。常用的方法包括行为改变轮;能力、机会和动机行为模型;以及社会认同理论。三份记录讨论了与目标受众的共同制作以及对不同人群的考虑。四份记录采用了快速测试、评估或验证方法。六份记录指出其方法旨在快速实施。没有任何记录涵盖了 ACE 的所有组成部分:我们建议,未来的研究应探讨如何制定涉及快速实施、与患者或公众(包括很少听到的来自不同社区的声音)共同制定以及评估的指南。
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引用次数: 0
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Perspectives in Public Health
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