Perspectives in Public Health最新文献

Aims: The aim of this research was to map available healthy planning frameworks to discover the range, composition, design, and implementation of healthy planning frameworks.

Methods: A systematic scoping review with date, location, and usability limitations was augmented by a grey literature search. Data were extracted on key details, design, outcomes considered, and implementation features of the final 61 frameworks.

Results: Data extracted indicated that most frameworks tend to focus on one element of the built environment, with active mobility, active environments, and transport being the most prevalent ones (34%). Most frameworks (40) stated their intended outcomes on health in general terms, rather than targeting specific health outcomes. Very few frameworks (12%) were aimed at the public, and only 11% of frameworks included an evaluation.

Conclusions: While there are a wide variety and number of frameworks available in the field of healthy urban planning, they are generally siloed, focusing on highly specific individual urban determinants, and rarely consider health outcomes in detail. There is significantly less provision available for citizen and community use. Frameworks tend to offer limited updating mechanisms and very rarely include ongoing evaluation processes, making their success difficult to assess.

Aims: Unintentional injuries in the home contribute substantially to preschool child morbidity and mortality. Practitioners such as health visitors, family mentors and children's centre staff are well-positioned to facilitate child injury prevention by providing home safety advice to families, and training may enhance their ability to do so. We aimed to assess the impact of child home safety training for these practitioners.

Methods: An explanatory mixed-methods design was used. Practitioners completed questionnaires before, and up to 7 months after, receiving child home safety training and took part in interviews. Seventy-eight health visitors, 72 family mentors and 11 children's centre staff members completed questionnaires. Items were used to calculate scores on home safety knowledge, confidence to provide home safety advice and belief that child home safety promotion is important. Thematic analysis of interviews with seven health visitors and nine family mentors, open-ended responses to the questionnaires and an additional evaluation form was conducted to explore attendees' perceptions of the training and its impact. In addition, seven health visitors and six children's centre staff who had received no training were interviewed.

Results: Knowledge was greater post-training than pre-training across all participants (p < .001). When practitioner groups were analysed separately, there were significant increases in family mentors' knowledge (p < .001) and belief (p = .016), and health visitors' confidence (p = .0036). Qualitative findings indicated that most training session attendees valued the training, believed their practice relating to child home safety had improved as a result, and felt further similar training sessions would be beneficial. Those who had not attended the sessions described a need for more child home safety training.

Conclusions: Delivering training to practitioners providing child home safety promotion to families with preschool children can enhance injury prevention knowledge, beliefs and confidence and positively impact on home safety promotion by practitioners.

Aims: There is a need for interventions that meet the needs of low socioeconomic status (SES) groups, to encourage the adoption of healthy diets and physical activity, in line with current public health guidance. This qualitative research used co-production, a method which actively involves the relevant community, to identify and describe public health interventions to support a group of mothers of young children living in a low SES area.

Methods: A group of 20 mothers took part in three in-depth qualitative interviews to discuss in detail the type of support that would be of value to them for the adoption and maintenance of healthy behaviours. The mothers were subsequently invited to take part in a public engagement project, a community-based self-help group.

Results: Four themes explained the principles of interventions that would be of value in supporting the mothers with the adoption of healthy behaviours, namely, a community-based self-help group, support for the whole family and support in the home and influencing the environment. These were then further developed into two types of intervention (1) learning for self-help and family care, which encompassed the first three learning-based themes and (2) community of support, which covered influencing the environment and the experience of the community-based self-help group.

Conclusion: Co-production enabled a group of mothers of young children, from a low SES area, to describe the type of support that would help them with the establishment and maintenance of healthy lifestyle behaviours. A community-based self-help group warrants further research.

Introduction: While the current evidence base indicates that reading for pleasure facilitates many wellbeing related outcomes such as relaxation and escapism, little research has focused on the interplay between reading and wellbeing in detail. This review explores the evidence on reading for pleasure initiatives with a view of developing a theoretical understanding of the context and potential underlying causal mechanisms which support or inhibit wellbeing in adults.

Method: We conducted a realist review whereby data collation, extraction, synthesis and analysis were conducted iteratively. The literature searches were conducted in January to February 2022 and May 2023.

Results: In total, 43 papers were included. The literature highlighted seven interlinked mechanisms underlying reading for pleasure interventions at the level of the individual and as groups. These included reconnecting with reading, space away from daily stressors, perspective taking to enhance empathic abilities, creating and reawakening memories, intellectual stimulation, collective meaning-making and a conducive environment.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that reading for pleasure enhances processes such as feelings of positivity, self-understanding, empathic relations, which impact upon a reader's salutogenic assets such as self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and connectedness.

Introduction: Inflation and rising living costs are significant global issues impacting vulnerable groups, including informal caregivers. While it is known that informal caregiving may pose potential negative health effects, social inequalities associated with it are not well understood.

Aim: This study aims to explore the material deprivation - specifically housing and food insecurity - faced by informal caregivers and the harmful effects this can have on health to inform future actions.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review to explore the impact of material deprivation on informal caregivers' health and well-being. We performed literature searches in databases including CINAHL, PubMed, SocINDEX, and Web of Science, along with hand searches, focusing on studies from the last 20 years.

Results: The searches yielded 15 articles, mainly from the United States. The evidence shows that caregivers are more likely to report hunger, household food insecurity, and lower incomes than non-caregivers. They also experience household material, bill-paying, and healthcare hardships and have an increased risk of homelessness and child poverty. Some of these issues were further reported to affect their health.

Conclusions: To tackle the social vulnerabilities caregivers face, robust national policies and healthcare practices that recognise and support informal caregivers and further in-depth research are needed.

This feature is a call to action for researchers: RIchmond and Beltran-Alvarez provide important insight to researchers in the area of climate change, public health, and health systems. The article details how they can design research which integrates perspectives of both community and health system level stakeholders to ensure that any strategies they implement consider the intersection between these important groups.

This manuscript explores the critical intersection of healthcare governance and environmental sustainability in Malaysia, addressing policy driven strategies that can enhance the implementation of green healthcare initiatives. The authors' analysis highlights the progress, gaps, and challenges in policy execution, particularly in areas such as Net-Zero Energy Building (NZEB) adoption, green clinical practices, and crosssectoral collaborations within ASEAN.

Aim: In recent years, dengue outbreaks in major urban areas have increased, a trend associated with rising temperatures. This study aims to analyze the incidence of dengue cases in metropolitan Lima during the 2023-2024 period and evaluate their relationship with urban heat islands (UHIs), linked to vegetation cover and distribution.

Methods: This ecological study evaluated how some environmental factors (vegetation, solid waste, and poverty) could contribute to the distribution and increase of cases in 2023 and 2024 in the 43 districts of metropolitan Lima. Both years of study corresponded to epidemiological week 18. The data were obtained from the Dengue Daily Situation Room of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) of the Ministry of Health. We evaluate the spatial distribution of dengue cases by UHI and zones. A negative binomial model adjusted for poverty and population density was used to determine the association.

Results: The most elevated UHIs occurred in the districts of Lurigancho, Ate, Pachacamac, San Juan de Miraflores, and Villa María del Triunfo. The northern zone of Lima had the highest number of dengue cases in the first 15 epidemiological weeks. Higher dengue cases were observed in elevated UHI in both years. Dengue was inversely correlated with vegetation in 2024 (p ⩽ .05). Compared to the incidence of cases in 2023, the incidence in 2024 was approximately twice in the more elevated UHI category (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 3.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-8.80), suggesting that dengue infections are increasing in districts with high UHI and lower green areas, adjusted for poverty and population density.

Conclusions: In metropolitan Lima, our research has revealed that the higher the presence of UHI, the higher the number of dengue cases in both 2023 and 2024, and urban vegetation could decrease the number of cases. These findings underline the importance of considering environmental factors in dengue-prevention strategies in urban areas.

In this manuscript, Matkovic et al. highlight the links between planetary health and public health for wide range of stakeholders, including EUPHA members, educators, researchers, health practitioners, other public health professionals, policy makers, and the general public. Moreover, the authors offer direction and support for public health education, research, policy and practice on the topic of planetary health.