Perspectives in Public Health最新文献

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The role of community champions in place-based early years support: how can we successfully share knowledge and build parent confidence? 社区拥护者在基于地方的幼儿支持中的作用：我们如何才能成功地分享知识并建立家长的信心？

IF 5.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Perspectives in Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/17579139231203181

S B Mitchell, G Marks, J Lloyd

引用次数: 0

Addressing health inequalities in times of austerity: implementation of a place-based approach in multitiered local government 在紧缩时期解决卫生不平等问题：在多级地方政府中实施基于地方的方法

IF 5.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Perspectives in Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1177/17579139241241194

C Lee, M Buswell, J Coker, S Buckner, A Cowan, M Lhussier

Aims:This article focuses on how local authorities in England are tackling wider determinants of health and inequalities in their population’s outcomes while budgets for public services are diminishing.Methods:It reports the experience from one case study engaged in rolling out a devolved, place- and asset-based strategy over multiple tiers of local government. Relating these findings to relevant social theory, we draw out aspects of context and mechanisms of change. We offer plausible hypotheses for the experiences observed, which supports transferability and implementation of place-based strategies in other local authority areas struggling with similar challenges.Results:Findings highlight the importance of high-level and political buy-in, as well as the role of the COVID-19 pandemic as a potential catalyst to rollout. Creating the foundations for a new, place-based working was important for achieving coherence among partners around what local government was trying to achieve. These included investment in infrastructure, both relational and tangible inputs such as organisational and human resources, to establish the conditions for systemic change towards early intervention and prevention.Conclusion:This study identified clear foundations for place-based action, plus enablers and barriers to significant transformation of practice towards asset-based approaches between local authorities, partners and the public.

目的：本文重点关注英格兰地方政府如何在公共服务预算不断减少的情况下，解决更广泛的健康决定因素及其人口结果的不平等问题。方法：本文报告了一个案例研究的经验，该案例研究在多级地方政府中推出了一项权力下放、以地方和资产为基础的战略。我们将这些研究结果与相关的社会理论联系起来，总结出变革的背景和机制。我们为所观察到的经验提出了合理的假设，这有助于在面临类似挑战的其他地方当局地区推广和实施以地方为基础的战略。研究结果：研究结果强调了高层和政治支持的重要性，以及 COVID-19 大流行病对推广工作的潜在推动作用。为新的、以地方为基础的工作奠定基础，对于实现合作伙伴之间围绕地方政府努力实现的目标的一致性非常重要。这些包括对基础设施的投资，既包括关系投入，也包括组织和人力资源等有形投入，为实现早期干预和预防的系统性变革创造条件。

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引用次数: 0

Importance of sustainable local government funding in tackling health inequalities in the UK 可持续的地方政府资金对解决英国卫生不平等问题的重要性

IF 5.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Perspectives in Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1177/17579139241247366

G Fell

引用次数: 0

Predictors of fuel poverty and the equity of local fuel poverty support: secondary analysis of data from Bradford, England 燃料贫困的预测因素和当地燃料贫困支持的公平性：对英格兰布拉德福德数据的二次分析

IF 5.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Perspectives in Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1177/17579139241245346

E Little, A Barnes, M Power

Aims:Addressing fuel poverty is a critical public health issue given its recent rise in prevalence across Europe. Although previous research identifies national risk markers of fuel poverty, evidence is lacking on whether these are consistent across local geographies, and the equity of local interventions. In the UK’s current economic climate, it is more crucial than ever that services benefit households in greatest need. This study aimed to determine significant predictors of fuel poverty among households in Bradford, England, comparing them to national-level predictors, and evaluate if households possessing significant fuel poverty predictors were equitably referred to a local fuel poverty service (Warm Homes Healthy People, WHHP).Methods:A multivariate logistic regression model determined significant fuel poverty predictors in Bradford using household-level data from the Energy Saving Trust and the Low Income High Costs fuel poverty definition. Statistical testing highlighted significant differences in predictors of fuel poverty between households referred to WHHP and all Bradford households.Results:Significant ( p < .05) predictors of fuel poverty included: living in an area with lower average household incomes and higher proportion of ethnic minority individuals, and living in a property with a lower energy efficiency rating. Households living in a detached or older property, and homeowners were more likely to be fuel poor. Differences in the direction of the relationship with fuel poverty were identified between some national and local predictors. Most predictors were significantly ( p < .05) overrepresented among WHHP households, suggesting equitable service reach. Ethnic minorities, younger people, and multiperson households were underrepresented.Conclusions:Local fuel poverty predictors were similar to many national-level predictors, but identified differences in the direction of the relationship between some national and local predictors reaffirm the value of locally focused research. WHHP successfully targeted households possessing key predictors, but should ensure that ethnic minorities, younger people, and multiperson households are equitably referred.

目的：鉴于燃料贫困问题最近在整个欧洲的流行率有所上升，解决燃料贫困问题是一个至关重要的公共卫生问题。尽管之前的研究确定了全国性的燃料贫困风险标志，但对于这些标志在不同地区是否一致以及当地干预措施的公平性还缺乏证据。在英国当前的经济环境下，为最需要的家庭提供服务比以往任何时候都更为重要。本研究旨在确定英国布拉德福德地区家庭燃料贫困的重要预测因素，并将其与国家级预测因素进行比较，同时评估拥有重要燃料贫困预测因素的家庭是否被公平地转介到当地的燃料贫困服务机构（温暖家庭健康人，WHHP）。方法：多变量逻辑回归模型利用节能信托基金提供的家庭级数据和低收入高成本燃料贫困定义确定了布拉德福德地区重要的燃料贫困预测因素。结果：显著的（p < .05）燃料贫困预测因素包括：居住在平均家庭收入较低、少数民族人口比例较高的地区，以及居住在能效等级较低的房产中。居住在独立式或较旧房产中的家庭以及房主更有可能陷入燃料贫困。一些全国性和地方性的预测因素在与燃料贫困的关系方向上存在差异。大多数预测因素在 WHHP 家庭中的比例明显偏高（p < .05），这表明服务范围是公平的。结论：当地的燃料贫困预测因素与许多国家级预测因素相似，但某些国家级预测因素与当地预测因素之间的关系方向不同，这再次证明了以当地为重点的研究的价值。世界住房和水计划成功地锁定了拥有关键预测指标的家庭，但应确保少数民族、年轻人和多人家庭得到公平的推荐。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment and inequalities: a systematic review of international evidence and critical appraisal of statistical methods. COVID-19 大流行对就业和不平等的影响：对国际证据的系统性审查和对统计方法的批判性评估。

IF 5.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Perspectives in Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1177/17579139241231910

A Abugamza, D Kaskirbayeva, A Charlwood, S Nikolova, A Martin

Aims: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individual labour market outcomes and how these vary over time and between different groups of individuals.

Methods: Searches were conducted using Medline, Scopus and EconLit. Grey literature searches used Google Scholar and Econpapers. Study quality was assessed using the risk of bias in non-randomised studies of exposure tool (ROBINS-E), accompanied by a directed acyclic graph (DAG) to identify relevant mediators, moderators and confounders.

Results: A total of 85 studies (77 peer-reviewed articles, 8 working papers) were included. The ROBINS-E showed that the overall risk of bias varied between studies from low (n = 14), moderate (n = 56) to serious (n = 15). Studies also varied in terms of outcome measures, study designs and the academic disciplines of researchers. Generally, studies using data collected before and during the pandemic showed large negative effects on employment, working hours and income. Studies that assessed moderators (e.g. by industry, occupation, age, gender, race and country of birth) indicated the pandemic has likely worsened pre-existing disparities in health and work. Generally, women, less educated, non-whites and young workers were affected the most, perhaps due to their jobs involving high levels of personal contact (e.g. hospitality, sales and entertainment) and being less amenable to remote working. The DAG highlighted methodological challenges in drawing robust inferences about COVID-19's impact on employment, including the lack of an unexposed control group.

Conclusions: The COVID-19 health crisis caused unanticipated and unprecedented changes to employment opportunities around the world, with potential long-term health consequences. Further research should investigate the longer-term impact of COVID-19, with greater attention given to low- and middle-income countries. Our study provides guidance on the design and critical appraisal of future studies.

目的：评估 COVID-19 大流行对个人劳动力市场结果的影响，以及这些影响在不同时期和不同群体之间的差异：使用 Medline、Scopus 和 EconLit 进行检索。使用 Google Scholar 和 Econpapers 进行灰色文献检索。使用非随机暴露研究中的偏倚风险工具（ROBINS-E）对研究质量进行评估，同时使用有向无环图（DAG）确定相关的中介因素、调节因素和混杂因素：共纳入 85 项研究（77 篇同行评审文章，8 篇工作论文）。ROBINS-E显示，不同研究的总体偏倚风险各不相同，从低度（14项）、中度（56项）到严重（15项）不等。各研究在结果测量、研究设计和研究人员的学术学科方面也各不相同。一般来说，使用大流行之前和期间收集的数据进行的研究表明，大流行对就业、工作时间和收入产生了很大的负面影响。对调节因素（如行业、职业、年龄、性别、种族和出生国）进行评估的研究表明，大流行病很可能加剧了先前存在的健康和工作方面的差异。一般来说，妇女、教育程度较低、非白人和年轻工人受影响最大，这可能是由于他们的工作涉及大量的个人接触（如接待、销售和娱乐），而且不太适合远程工作。DAG 强调了在得出有关 COVID-19 对就业影响的可靠推论方面所面临的方法论挑战，包括缺乏未受影响的对照组：结论：COVID-19 健康危机给世界各地的就业机会带来了意料之外和前所未有的变化，并可能对健康造成长期影响。进一步的研究应调查 COVID-19 的长期影响，并对中低收入国家给予更多关注。我们的研究为未来研究的设计和批判性评估提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Strengthening population and public health data governance in the era of digital technology in Africa 在非洲数字技术时代加强人口和公共卫生数据管理

IF 5.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Perspectives in Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1177/17579139231216018

DM Mwanga, M Ng’oda, BB Ingumba, N Mbaya, I Kisiangani, A Njeri, DN Maina, HO Odero, M Ngetich, D Amadi, C Kabiru, DT Kadengye, S Kiwuwa-Muyingo, A Kiragga

引用次数: 0

Heatwaves and homelessness 热浪和无家可归者

IF 5.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Perspectives in Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1177/17579139231224690

J Leggat, C Dearman, S Bainbridge, E De Zoete, C Petrokofsky

引用次数: 0

Sociologists in public health: marginal observers or mainstream collaborators? 公共卫生领域的社会学家：边缘观察者还是主流合作者？

IF 5.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Perspectives in Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1177/17579139231204245

K Powell, NJ Fox, S Bhanbhro, A Chauhan, A Goldschmied Z, K Jackson, A Paton, S Salway

引用次数: 0

Diary 日记

IF 5.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Perspectives in Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1177/17579139241230810

引用次数: 0

Climate change and health in Nepal: an urgent need for action 尼泊尔的气候变化与健康：迫切需要采取行动

IF 5.8 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Perspectives in Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1177/17579139231215022

BR Bhatta, SP KC, S Regmi, AR Pandey, B Adhikari, G Gautam, SC Baral

引用次数: 0

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