Perspectives in Public Health最新文献

Background: In the UK, most smokers choosing e-cigarettes to quit smoking will access vaping via commercial routes. In recent years, however, a shift towards medicalisation of vaping has become apparent, with public health guidance supporting e-cigarettes for smoking cessation and increased partnership working between healthcare professionals and the vaping industry. To achieve the UK's Smokefree 2030 target, the UK Government has set out measures to use e-cigarettes in National Health Service (NHS) settings and to move towards streamlining processes to make e-cigarettes available to a million smokers. This article aims to understand acceptability of different approaches by seeking perspectives of people with lived experience of e-cigarette use for smoking cessation.

Methods: Mixed methods data collected between March 2018 and March 2019 as part of a broader study of e-cigarette use trajectories (ECtra study). Data here relate to the views of partnership working and medicalisation of vaping extracted from 136 interviews/extended surveys of people who had used e-cigarettes to try to stop smoking. Qualitative data were thematically analysed. Participant ratings of interventions were presented descriptively, and differences in participant characteristics and ratings were reported.

Results: Three qualitative themes were identified: pro-partnership, anti-partnership and medicalisation dissonance. Medicalisation was discussed for its potential to reassure smokers about e-cigarette harms and its potential to reach smokers from disadvantaged backgrounds. Concerns were raised about cost-effectiveness, quality of support, conflicts of interest and limiting product choice. Most participants rated interventions involving partnership working as potentially helpful in switching from smoking to vaping. There were no statistically significant associations between age, gender and socioeconomic status, and helpfulness ratings.

Conclusion: Both commercial and medical routes to vaping offer perceived benefits to vapers and may complement and reinforce each other to support smoking cessation.

This article is a commentary on the National Planning Policy Framework, published in December 2024 by the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG), which breaks new ground in relation to policy on hot food takeaways and fast-food outlets with reference to health inequalities and outlines its relevance to public health as part of a whole systems approach to obesity and overweight.

Aim: To follow the need for more research and strategies to enhance the knowledge of sustainable implementation, we examined cases of community-based, multilevel physical activity-related health promotion after initial funding has ceased and aimed to identify factors that influence their sustainable implementation.

Methods: Five scientific databases (PubMed; Scopus; Ebsco Host with CINAHL, PsychInfo, and Sportdiscus; ProQuest and Web of Science) were systematically searched for relevant literature in December 2021. Three reviewers performed a title/abstract screening and independently screened the full texts of the remaining papers, followed by a quality assessment. A narrative synthesis method, including qualitative text analysis, was used to synthesise retrieved articles. As starting point, the framework of Schell et al. containing nine domains for sustainability capacity was used and new emerging themes were inductively added.

Results: The search revealed 270 potentially eligible articles out of 27,652 hits. After the systematic review process, 14 studies were included. In the synthesis, 14 factors influencing the sustainablity of community-based, multilevel physical activity-related health promotion were identified of which six are new factors compared to Schell et al. In particular, our findings bring forth a novel understanding of the importance of the factors 'Participation and Partnerships', 'Empowerment and Capacity Building' and 'Community Support'. A dynamic interplay and high connectedness between factors were visible.

Conclusion: The identified factors can help establish a better understanding of sustainability processes within whole-system approaches intervening on multiple levels in the community with the aim of systems change. They are relevant for practitioners, researchers and policy makers alike. Future research should more closely examine based on further theoretical elaboration how an interplay between the factors can promote sustainability and which interdependencies are of particular importance in facilitating sustainable and equitable change.

Aims: Football Club Community Trusts (FCCTs) that are attached to professional football clubs in the UK use the sport brand to engage marginalised populations in various initiatives designed to address public health agendas. Studies highlight the impact that FCCTs can have on adults' mental health, yet less is known about programmes for young people under 18 years. This study is the first to identify the mental health-focussed interventions for young people that are delivered by the FCCTs in the English Football League (EFL), including the key programme features and challenges to implementation.

Methods: A 60-item mixed-method survey was sent to all 70 FCCTs in the EFL during the 2018-2019 season in September 2018. In total, 54 (77.1%) FCCTs responded.

Results: In total, 21 FCCTs were delivering mental health-focused interventions to young people and 23 different initiatives were identified. Reported aims included promoting resilience (n = 19/21, 90.5%) and self-esteem (n = 19/21, 90.5%), as well as identifying young people at risk of developing a mental health problem (n = 9/21, 42.9%). However, features of individual programmes varied. Some used football to increase social inclusion and overall wellbeing, whereas others included education sessions to improve mental health literacy (e.g. anti-stigma, strategies to promote mental health). FCCTs also reported challenges with evaluating their own interventions, sustaining funding, and keeping up to date with mental health training.

Conclusions: This study contributes to the limited literature on professional sport club community trust interventions, highlighting the value of programmes targeting children and young people's mental health. FCCT programmes align with mental health promotion and prevention policy, by providing opportunities to participate in physical activity (PA), develop mental health literacy, and identify young people at risk of developing mental health problems. Collaboration with organisations with expertise in service evaluation, audit, and research is essential to support FCCTs in evaluating their impact and demonstrating the significance of their work.

This is a timely article in the context of escalating rates of mental ill-health in the night-time economy. Blake and co-authors explore the way in which NTE workers can be overlooked in existing workplace interventions to address mental health issues, and the unique challenges faced by those in this sector.