Ethics & Behavior最新文献

英文中文

The role of ethical trustworthiness in shaping trust and affective commitment in schools 道德可信度在塑造学校信任和情感承诺中的作用

IF 2 3区哲学 Q2 Psychology

Ethics & Behavior

Pub Date : 2022-02-22 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2034504

Á. Lleó, P. Ruiz‐Palomino, M. Guillen, E. Marrades-Pastor

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of school principal trustworthiness components (i.e., ability, integrity, benevolence) in helping shape teacher trust and affective commitment within schools. Using data from 1,026 teachers in Spain and structural equation modeling (via EQS 6.3), this study establishes how a principal’s integrity and benevolence are key in determining, both directly and indirectly (via trust in the principal), teachers’ affective commitment to their school. It also reveals that the perceived ability of a principal is not effective in generating trust or affective commitment to the school in teachers. As a contribution to the literature, these findings reveal that the ethical trustworthiness (benevolence, integrity) of principals is key in engendering trust and affective commitment to schools. Thus, to shape work environments that are high in trust and commitment, principals should focus on behaving in ways that make their integrity and benevolence manifest to their teachers.

摘要本研究的目的是调查学校主要可信度成分（即能力、诚信、仁爱）在学校内帮助塑造教师信任和情感承诺方面的作用。利用来自西班牙1026名教师的数据和结构方程模型（通过EQS 6.3），本研究确定了校长的诚信和仁爱是直接和间接（通过对校长的信任）决定教师对学校情感承诺的关键。研究还表明，校长的感知能力在教师中对学校产生信任或情感承诺方面并不有效。作为对文献的贡献，这些发现揭示了校长的道德可信度（仁爱、正直）是产生对学校的信任和情感承诺的关键。因此，为了塑造高度信任和承诺的工作环境，校长应该专注于行为方式，让他们的正直和仁爱体现在老师身上。

引用次数: 1

Sexual attractions and boundary crossings among sport psychology graduate students and professionals 体育心理学研究生和专业人员的性吸引力和边界跨越

IF 2 3区哲学 Q2 Psychology

Ethics & Behavior

Pub Date : 2022-02-20 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2039151

Macey Arnold, Tess M. Palmateer, T. Petrie

ABSTRACT The training relationship between sport psychology professionals (SPPs) and their students is a critical aspect of graduate training. Maintaining ethical, appropriate boundaries within training relationships is imperative, as boundary crossings can have deleterious effects on students. SPPs (N = 152) and Sport Psychology graduate students (N = 165) completed The Survey of Applied Sport Psychologists to explore their experiences and perceptions of sexual attractions and boundary crossings within training relationships. Nearly 30% of SPPs acknowledged sexual attractions toward their students, yet few students (8.5%) perceived such attractions. Compared to the SPPs, the students reported higher levels of anxiety regarding the SPP’s attraction toward them; both groups reported infrequent use of supervision for this attraction. Nine students and 13 SPPs reported engaging in sexual behaviors (e.g., kissing, dating, intercourse) with the other. Within the larger sample, the three most common nonsexual boundary crossings were becoming social friends, attending social gatherings, and the SPP initiating nonsexual touching. Both groups are advised to engage in ongoing monitor their behaviors, receive training specific to ethics within training relationships, and seek consultation/supervision to ensure appropriate boundaries remain intact.

体育心理学专业人才与学生之间的培养关系是研究生培养的一个重要方面。在培训关系中保持道德、适当的界限是至关重要的，因为越界可能会对学生产生有害影响。SPP（N=152）和运动心理学研究生（N=165）完成了应用运动心理学家调查，以探索他们在训练关系中对性吸引力和越界的体验和看法。近30%的SPP承认对学生有性吸引力，但很少有学生（8.5%）察觉到这种吸引力。与SPP相比，学生们对SPP对他们的吸引力感到更高程度的焦虑；两组都报告说，这一景点很少使用监督。9名学生和13名SPP报告称与对方发生性行为（如接吻、约会、性交）。在更大的样本中，三种最常见的非性越界行为是成为社交朋友、参加社交聚会和SPP发起非性触摸。建议这两个群体持续监测他们的行为，接受培训关系中特定道德的培训，并寻求咨询/监督，以确保适当的界限保持不变。

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引用次数: 0

Why do students cheat? Perceptions, evaluations, and motivations 为什么学生作弊？感知、评价和动机

IF 2 3区哲学 Q2 Psychology

Ethics & Behavior

Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2026775

Talia Waltzer, Audun Dahl

ABSTRACT Academic cheating, a common and consequential form of dishonesty, has puzzled moral psychologists and educators for decades. The present research examined a new theoretical approach to the perceptions, evaluations, and motivations that shape students’ decisions to cheat. We tested key predictions of this approach by systematically examining students’ accounts of their own cheating. In two studies, we interviewed undergraduates in psychology (n = 68) and engineering (n = 123) classes about their past experiences with plagiarism or other cheating. Interviews assessed students’ perceptions of whether they were cheating, their evaluations of whether their actions were okay, and their motivations for doing what they did. Most students did not initially recognize their acts as cheating. While students generally thought cheating was wrong, they often judged the exceptional cases in which they cheated to be acceptable, citing concerns such as assignment goals and task feasibility. The findings suggest that perceptions, evaluations, and competing motivations play a key role in students’ decisions to cheat.

学术欺骗是一种常见的、后果性的不诚实行为，几十年来一直困扰着道德心理学家和教育工作者。本研究考察了一种新的理论方法来研究影响学生作弊决定的感知、评价和动机。我们通过系统地检查学生对自己作弊的描述来测试这种方法的关键预测。在两项研究中，我们采访了心理学（n=68）和工程学（n=123）的本科生，了解他们过去抄袭或其他作弊的经历。访谈评估了学生对自己是否作弊的看法，他们对自己行为是否良好的评价，以及他们做事情的动机。大多数学生最初并没有意识到自己的行为是作弊。虽然学生们普遍认为作弊是错误的，但他们经常以作业目标和任务可行性等问题为由，判断作弊的特殊情况是可以接受的。研究结果表明，认知、评价和竞争动机在学生作弊的决定中起着关键作用。

引用次数: 13

Subjective norms and social media: predicting ethical perception and consumer intentions during a secondary crisis 主观规范与社交媒体：在二次危机中预测道德认知和消费者意图

IF 2 3区哲学 Q2 Psychology

Ethics & Behavior

Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.2020118

Meagan E. Brock Baskin, T. A. Hart, A. Bajaj, R. Gerlich, Kristina D. Drumheller, Emily S. Kinsky

ABSTRACT When firms face crisis, the instant and open channels of social media communication create a double-edged sword. While corporations can more quickly communicate with stakeholders, any missteps will have drastic and nearly immediate repercussions. What are the relationships among social media, subjective norms, attitudes, and intentions during corporate crisis? We explore this phenomenon via a study of a crisis faced by Lowe’s, an international home improvement store, and how current and potential customers reacted. By utilizing a structural equations model to examine an integrated model of multiple constructs, we find that Facebook usage is associated with behavioral intent, perceptions of ethicality, and attitudes toward the organization. Counter intuitively, we find that an increase in participant Facebook usage is negatively related to felt subjective norms. Our findings indicate that beyond the traditional relationships examined by the Theory of Reasoned Action (e.g., norms, attitudes, and behavioral intent), that social media and subjective norms have a strong relationship with general attitudes and ethical attitudes toward an organization.

当企业面临危机时，社交媒体即时开放的沟通渠道是一把双刃剑。虽然公司可以更迅速地与利益相关者沟通，但任何失误都将产生严重的、几乎是立即的影响。在企业危机中，社会媒体、主观规范、态度和意图之间的关系是什么?我们通过对Lowe 's(一家国际家装店)面临的危机的研究，以及现有和潜在客户的反应，来探讨这一现象。通过使用结构方程模型来检验多个结构的集成模型，我们发现Facebook的使用与行为意图、道德观念和对组织的态度有关。与直觉相反的是，我们发现参与者Facebook使用率的增加与主观规范的感受呈负相关。我们的研究结果表明，除了理性行为理论所考察的传统关系(如规范、态度和行为意图)之外，社交媒体和主观规范与对组织的一般态度和道德态度有很强的关系。

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引用次数: 2

Psychology, ethics, and research ethics boards 心理学、伦理学和研究伦理委员会

IF 2 3区哲学 Q2 Psychology

Ethics & Behavior

Pub Date : 2022-01-04 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.2023019

D. Sharpe, J. Ziemer

ABSTRACT Research Ethics Boards (REBs) at universities are chaired and staffed by researchers who serve to enforce codes of ethics by scrutinizing research proposals. Yet there is widespread dissatisfaction with the REB approval process. This article examines the sources of that dissatisfaction, the place for codes of ethics in the conducting of research, the evidence for risk to research participants as the basis for those codes, and the effectiveness of REBs in protecting research participants. We offer suggestions for how REB chairs, members, and researchers can improve the REB approval process so that it is fair and responsive.

大学的研究伦理委员会(REBs)由研究人员担任主席和工作人员，他们通过审查研究提案来执行道德规范。然而，人们对REB的审批程序普遍不满。本文考察了这种不满的来源、伦理准则在研究中的地位、作为这些准则基础的研究参与者风险的证据，以及伦理准则在保护研究参与者方面的有效性。我们为REB主席、成员和研究人员如何改进REB审批过程提供建议，使其公平和响应。

引用次数: 1

Factors Influencing Perceived Helpfulness and Participation in Innovative Research: A Pilot Study of Individuals with and without Mood Symptoms. 影响感知帮助和参与创新研究的因素:一项对有和无情绪症状个体的初步研究。

IF 2 3区哲学 Q2 Psychology

Ethics & Behavior

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.1957678

Jane Paik Kim, Tenzin Tsungmey, Maryam Rostami, Sangeeta Mondal, Max Kasun, Laura Weiss Roberts

Little is known about how individuals with and without mood disorders perceive the inherent risks and helpfulness of participating in innovative psychiatric research, or about the factors that influence their willingness to participate. We conducted an online survey with 80 individuals (self-reported mood disorder [n = 25], self-reported good health [n = 55]) recruited via MTurk. We assessed respondents' perceptions of risk and helpfulness in study vignettes associated with two innovative research projects (intravenous ketamine therapy and wearable devices), as well as their willingness to participate in these projects. Respondents with and without mood disorders perceived risk similarly across projects. Respondents with no mood disorders viewed both projects as more helpful to society than to research volunteers, while respondents with mood disorders viewed the projects as equally helpful to volunteers and society. Individuals with mood disorders perceived ketamine research, and the two projects on average, as more helpful to research volunteers than did individuals without mood disorders. Our findings add to a limited empirical literature on the perspectives of volunteers in innovative psychiatric research.

对于患有和没有情绪障碍的个体如何感知参与创新精神病学研究的内在风险和帮助，或者影响他们参与意愿的因素，我们知之甚少。我们对通过MTurk招募的80名个体(自我报告的情绪障碍[n = 25]，自我报告的健康状况良好[n = 55])进行了在线调查。我们评估了受访者对与两个创新研究项目(静脉氯胺酮治疗和可穿戴设备)相关的研究小插曲的风险和帮助的看法，以及他们参与这些项目的意愿。有情绪障碍和没有情绪障碍的受访者在不同项目中对风险的感知相似。没有情绪障碍的受访者认为这两个项目对社会比对研究志愿者更有帮助，而有情绪障碍的受访者认为这两个项目对志愿者和社会同样有帮助。与没有情绪障碍的人相比，有情绪障碍的人认为氯胺酮研究和这两个项目对研究志愿者的帮助更大。我们的发现增加了在创新精神病学研究中志愿者观点的有限实证文献。

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引用次数: 1

Ethical Perspectives in Sharing Digital Data for Public Health Surveillance Before and Shortly After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic. 在 COVID-19 大流行之前和之后不久共享公共卫生监控数字数据的伦理视角。

IF 1.8 3区哲学 Q2 ETHICS

Ethics & Behavior

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.1884079

Romina A Romero, Sean D Young

Data from digital technologies are increasingly integrated in public health research. In April of 2020, we interviewed a subset of participants (N=25) who completed a survey approximately one month earlier (just prior to the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States). Using the survey, we contacted and interviewed participants who had expressed their willingness or unwillingness to share digital data (e.g., from contact tracing apps) for use in public health. We followed a directed content analysis approach for the analysis of the interview data. Among participants who had reported being unwilling to share data, concerns about privacy, confidentiality, and the purpose of the research were cited. During the interviews, 76.9% of the participants who had previously indicated that they were unwilling to share their data, expressed willingness to share data in order to assist with COVID-19 prevention. Our results contribute to our understanding of people's perspectives on sharing personal data and of the way their perspectives can vary as a function of potential uses of their personal information (e.g., prevention of COVID-19).

来自数字技术的数据正越来越多地融入公共卫生研究。2020 年 4 月，我们采访了大约一个月前（就在美国宣布 COVID-19 大流行之前）完成调查的参与者子集（N=25）。通过该调查，我们联系并采访了表示愿意或不愿意分享数字数据（如来自接触追踪应用程序的数据）用于公共卫生的参与者。我们采用定向内容分析法对访谈数据进行了分析。在表示不愿意共享数据的参与者中，他们提到了对隐私、保密性和研究目的的担忧。在访谈过程中，76.9% 曾表示不愿意分享数据的参与者表示愿意分享数据，以协助 COVID-19 的预防工作。我们的研究结果有助于我们了解人们对共享个人数据的看法，以及他们的看法会随着其个人信息的潜在用途（如预防 COVID-19）而变化。

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引用次数: 0

Evolution of research on honesty and dishonesty in academic work: a bibliometric analysis of two decades 学术诚信研究的演变——二十年的文献计量学分析

IF 2 3区哲学 Q2 Psychology

Ethics & Behavior

Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.2015598

Saadia Mahmud, Imran Ali

ABSTRACT The discourse on honesty and dishonesty in academic work has seen considerable growth over the past two decades. This study empirically analyses the shifts in the literature over the past two decades in the research focus and most prolific authors, institutions, countries, and journals. A broad list of terms was employed from the Glossary of Academic Integrity to shortlist journal articles (n = 782) from Scopus. A bibliometric analysis was conducted for each decade and the results were compared. Research outputs and number of clusters were over two-fold in the second compared to the first decade indicating an increase in volume and complexity. The study found a continued focus on plagiarism and academic misconduct research, though academic integrity and contract cheating emerged in the second decade. Shifts were evident in the output signifying a diversification of the research base and perspectives. Further research and action are needed to develop integrity as the broadest defense against dishonesty in all spheres of academia.

摘要在过去的二十年里，学术工作中关于诚实和不诚实的论述有了长足的发展。本研究实证分析了过去二十年来研究重点和最多产的作者、机构、国家和期刊的文献变化。Scopus采用了《学术诚信词汇表》中的一系列术语来入围期刊文章（n=782）。每十年进行一次文献计量分析，并对结果进行比较。与前十年相比，第二个十年的研究产出和集群数量增加了两倍多，这表明数量和复杂性都有所增加。该研究发现，尽管学术诚信和合同作弊在第二个十年出现，但剽窃和学术不端行为的研究仍然受到关注。产出中的变化很明显，这意味着研究基础和视角的多样化。需要进一步的研究和行动，以发展诚信，将其作为学术界所有领域最广泛的不诚实防御手段。

引用次数: 5

Multilevel dynamics of moral identity conflict: professional and personal values in ethically-charged situations 道德认同冲突的多层面动态：道德冲突情境下的职业和个人价值观

IF 2 3区哲学 Q2 Psychology

Ethics & Behavior

Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.2004891

L. Carminati, YingFei Gao Héliot

ABSTRACT Through an interdisciplinary literature review, this propositional paper explores the emergence and unfolding of professionals’ moral identity conflicts involving important but contrasting values. Building on the exemplary case of physicians’ professional-religious dilemmas in End-of-Life circumstances, we develop a multilevel model of professional-personal identity conflict dynamics in ethically-charged situations in which we integrate individual-level mechanisms with organizational-level boundary conditions, namely peer social support and ethical climate, in relation to psychological well-being. Our conceptual model contributes to the ethics, identity and human behavior literature by advancing suggestions of how professionals may prevent or/and resolve moral conflicts concerning also other identities and contexts.

摘要:本文通过跨学科的文献综述，探讨了职业道德认同冲突的产生和发展，其中涉及重要但截然不同的价值观。基于临终情况下医生的专业-宗教困境的典型案例，我们开发了一个多层次的职业-个人身份冲突动态模型，在道德紧张的情况下，我们将个人层面的机制与组织层面的边界条件相结合，即同伴社会支持和道德氛围，与心理健康有关。我们的概念模型通过提出专业人员如何预防或/和解决涉及其他身份和背景的道德冲突的建议，为伦理、身份和人类行为文献做出了贡献。

引用次数: 2

Moral decline in the workplace: unethical pro-organizational behavior, psychological entitlement, and leader gratitude expression 职场道德衰退:不道德的亲组织行为、心理权利和领导感激表达

IF 2 3区哲学 Q2 Psychology

Ethics & Behavior

Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2021.1987909

Wenxing Liu, Yanghao Zhu, Silu Chen, Yannan Zhang, Feng Qin

ABSTRACT Although unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) in the workplace has been widely researched, studies have focused on its antecedents rather than its outcomes. To fill this gap in the literature, we integrated moral licensing theory and the literature on leader gratitude expression to explore the ethical consequences of UPB. Using a sample of multi-source time-lagged surveys of 206 leader–employee dyads, we found that the pro-organizational nature of UPB fostered employees’ psychological entitlement and thereby increased their likelihood of engaging in subsequent unethical behavior. Leaders’ expressions of gratitude for employee UPB strengthened the relationship between UPB and psychological entitlement, ultimately reinforcing employees’ unethical behavior. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

摘要尽管工作场所中的不道德亲组织行为（UPB）已被广泛研究，但研究的重点是其前因而非结果。为了填补文献中的这一空白，我们将道德许可理论与领导者感恩表达的文献相结合，探讨UPB的伦理后果。通过对206名领导-员工二人组的多源时间滞后调查样本，我们发现UPB的亲组织性质促进了员工的心理权利，从而增加了他们随后从事不道德行为的可能性。领导对员工UPB的感激之情强化了UPB与心理权利之间的关系，最终强化了员工的不道德行为。讨论了研究结果的理论和实践意义。

引用次数: 6

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